The Science of Success Podcast

  • Get STARTED
  • The Podcast
    • The Best Of
    • SHOW NOTES
    • EPISODE LIST
    • BLOG
  • ABOUT US
    • Our Mission
    • Team
    • Our Partners
    • CONTACT
  • Evidence-Based Growth
  • Rate & Review
  • BOOKSHELF
  • Shop
  • Search
Gretchen Rubin-02.png

How You Can Boost Your Energy, Focus & Happiness In 5 Minutes or Less with Gretchen Rubin

March 28, 2019 by Lace Gilger in Decision Making, Focus & Productivity

In this episode we discuss how to boost your energy, focus, and happiness in 5 minutes or less using a dead simple strategy anyone can apply right away. We explore the power of self knowledge and why it’s one of the cornerstones of success in any area of life, and we uncover several powerfully uncomfortable questions we can ask ourselves to be happier, healthier and more productive with our guest Gretchen Rubin.

Gretchen Rubin is the author of the New York Times bestsellers, Better Than Before, The Happiness Project, Happier at Home, and The Four Tendencies and her latest book is Outer Order Inner Calm. She’s appeared on TV outlets such as the Today show, Oprah’s Super Soul Sunday Morning, and more. She’s also appeared in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and many more!

  • I finally cleaned out my fridge and now I know I can switch careers.

  • When we get control of the stuff of our lives we often see big results

  • Dealing with the little challenges of outer order give us the power to handle huge challenges

  • American adults spend 55 minutes a day looking for misplaced items

  • Focusing on order can yield huge benefits VERY QUICKLY with simple focus.

  • Cleaning up is something so simple, you will feel great, and it will

  • The “one-minute rule” - if you can do it in less than a minute, do it without delay

  • How to keep the scum of clutter on the surface of life go away

  • It’s much easier to keep up than to catch up

  • So easily accessible - anyone can do this in five minutes to create a massive shift in their energy, focus, and calm

  • Figure out WHAT YOU NEED to do your best work and then GET IT - create the environment in which you can thrive

  • There isn’t ONE BEST WAY to set up your environment to thrive.

  • Self knowledge is the most powerful and fundamental kind of knowledge you can create.

  • One of the great challenges of our lives is really trying to grapple with - what is the truth about ME?

  • Ask yourself uncomfortable questions.

    • Whom do you envy?

    • It’s a very revealing thing. It shows you that they have something that you wish for yourself.

    • Whose job or life gives you a TON of envy? There’s information there about what you want to do.

  • Most useful things involve discomfort - especially when it comes to self knowledge.

  • When trying to decide - should I ask this of myself or not?

    • Choose the BIGGER LIFE - what to YOU will create a BIGGER life?

  • Sometimes it’s worth the insecurity and frustration and anxiety if you’re pursuing what - to you- represents a bigger life. Is it worth the time? The bandwidth?

  • All reality is one interconnected mess.

  • That’s why it’s so important to have a multi-disciplinary perspective.

  • There’s a HUGE difference between “I’m right” and “This is what’s true for me."

  • In a fight over dirty dishes at the office - that’s the tip of a giant iceberg of psychology that shapes hundreds of complex and nuanced interactions

  • There are so many ways to achieve your goals, experiment and try different methods

  • “Don’t break the chain.” Try to keep a chain of successes.

  • Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good

  • Homework: How do you decide what to get rid of? Do you need it, do you use it, do you love it? Don’t get organized, get rid of things first.

  • Homework: The one minute rule - anything you can do in under a minute, do it without delay.

  • It’s not so much WHAT should you do, but rather how can you get yourself to STICK to what you want to do? Experimentation is crucial.

  • Homework: Ask yourself - how have you succeeded in the past? Ask yourself what you learned from that and model that behavior.

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybuttonsmall.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

This week’s Mindset Monday is brought to you by Bespoke Post and their monthly Box Of Awesome! The team at Bespoke Post are always out scouting for quality and unique products to send people just like you each month! Whether you’re in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, or jet-setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time.

For a limited time, you can get your first Box of Awesome for 20% off by entering the code SUCCESS at checkout! Each box costs under $50 but has over $70 work of unique gear waiting inside!

Shaken, NOT Stirred! This week we’re loving the Speakeasy Box! A next-level cocktail begins with next level tools. Whether you're mixing up a drink for a date, or just unwinding after a long day this setup will make you feel (and look) like a million bucks!

Screenshot 2019-03-27 at 9.31.07 PM.png

From barrel-aging kits to limited edition cigars, weekender bags, jackets to classy Dopp Kits, Bespoke Post offers the essential goods and guidance for the modern man. Don’t want a box that month, no problem. Opt out on months you

We’ve been customers for years and love getting our box each month, you will too!

Want To Dig In More?! - Here’s The Show Notes, Links, & Research

General

  • Gretchen’s Website

  • Gretchen’s Wiki Page

  • Gretchen’s LinkedIn

Media

  • [Book Site] Outer Order Inner Calm

  • [Article] Forbes - “NYT Bestselling Author Gretchen Rubin Shares Her Best Happiness Advice” by Zack Friedman

  • [Article] MIndBodyGreen - “Why The World's Leading Happiness Expert Doesn't Want You To Be A Minimalist” By Emma Loewe

  • [Article] Thrive Global - “On Outer Order, Inner Calm: An Interview with Gretchen Rubin” By Laura Cococcia

  • Gretchen Rubin author directory on Forbes, INC, Medium

    • Carl Jung's Five Key Elements to Happiness

    • Why You Need to 'Know Your Zone' to Find Happiness

    • 30 Tips I Use to Make Myself Happier, Right Now.

  • [Article] Daily Stoic - Outer Order, Inner Calm: An Interview With Bestselling Author Gretchen Rubin

  • [Article] CBS This Morning - Make room for happiness: Gretchen Rubin on how to combat loneliness

  • [Podcast] Robert Glazer - GRETCHEN RUBIN ON THE FOUR TENDENCIES AND THE SECRET TO HAPPINESS

  • [Podcast] The Ultimate Health Podcast - 037: Gretchen Rubin – The Foundation For Happiness | Simplicity vs. Abundance Lovers | The One Minute Rule

  • [Podcast] The Tim Ferris Show - #290: Gretchen Rubin — Experiments in Happiness and Creativity

  • [Podcast] Art of Charm - Gretchen Rubin | Mastering Happiness (Episode 388)

  • [Podcast] Jordan Harbinger - 18: Gretchen Rubin | Four Tendencies: The Framework for a Better Life

  • [Podcast] The Good Life Project - Gretchen Rubin: How to Build Habits That Change Lives

Videos

  • Gretchen’s Youtube Channel

  • Outer Order, Inner Calm by Gretchen Rubin [Book Trailer] (30 seconds)

  • The Four Tendencies by Gretchen Rubin - Book Trailer (30 seconds)

  • “Happier at Home" Book Trailer (1 min, 2nd most viewed video on her channel)

  • The Years Are Short

  • Gretchen Rubin: "Better than Before" | Talks at Google (2015)

    • Gretchen Rubin: "Happier at Home" | Talks at Google (2012)

    • Gretchen Rubin | Talks at Google (2010)

  • TEDxNewHaven - Gretchen Rubin - Five Half-Truths About Happiness

  • Sophia Colombo - The Happiness Project by Gretchen Rubin | Animated Book Review

  • Sage Grayson - Book Review: The Four Tendencies by Gretchen Rubin

  • Big Think - Chores cause conflict. Try managing them like this instead. | Gretchen Rubin

    • 6 ways to let go of pointless possessions | Gretchen Rubin

  • 99U - Gretchen Rubin: The 4 Ways to Successfully Adopt New Habits

  • Gretchen Rubin Shares 8 Personal Rules of Happiness | SuperSoul Sunday | Oprah Winfrey Network

  • Lifehacker - Gretchen Rubin Shares Her Secrets to Good Habits and Happiness

Books

  • [Book] Outer Order, Inner Calm: Declutter and Organize to Make More Room for Happiness  by Gretchen Rubin

  • [Book] The Happiness Project, Tenth Anniversary Edition: Or, Why I Spent a Year Trying to Sing in the Morning, Clean My Closets, Fight Right, Read Aristotle, and Generally Have More Fun  by Gretchen Rubin

  • [Book] The Four Tendencies: The Indispensable Personality Profiles That Reveal How to Make Your Life Better (and Other People's Lives Better, Too)  by Gretchen Rubin

  • [Book] Better Than Before: What I Learned About Making and Breaking Habits--to Sleep More, Quit Sugar, Procrastinate Less, and Generally Build a Happier Life  by Gretchen Rubin

  • [Book] Happier at Home: Kiss More, Jump More, Abandon Self-Control, and My Other Experiments in Everyday Life  by Gretchen Rubin

  • [Book] Daily Rituals: How Artists Work by Mason Currey

  • [Book] Internal Time: Chronotypes, Social Jet Lag, and Why You're So Tired by Till Roenneberg

  • [Book] Forty Ways to Look at Winston Churchill: A Brief Account of a Long Life  by Gretchen Rubin

  • [Book] Power Money Fame Sex: A User's Guide  by Gretchen Rubin

  • [Book] Forty Ways to Look at JFK  by Gretchen Rubin

  • [Amazon Author Page] Gary Taubes

  • [Amazon Author Page] Gretchen Rubin

Misc

  • [SoS Episode Guide] Decision Making

  • [SoS Episode] The Epic Mental Framework You Need To Master Any Skill and Defeat Fear and Uncertainty with Josh Kaufman

  • [SoS Episode] How To Stop Living Your Life On Autopilot, Take Control, and Build a Toolbox of Mental Models to Understand Reality with Farnam Street’s Shane Parrish

  • [SoS Episode] The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing with Daniel Pink

  • [SoS Episode] These Habits Will Help You Crush Procrastination & Overwhelm with James Clear

Episode Transcript

[00:00:04.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than three million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we discuss how to boost your energy, focus and happiness in five minutes or less using a dead-simple strategy that anyone can apply right now. We explore the power of self-knowledge and why it’s one of the cornerstones of success in any area of life. We uncover several powerfully uncomfortable questions that you can ask yourself to be happier, healthier and more productive with our guest, Gretchen Rubin.

I’m going to tell you why you’ve been missing out on some incredibly cool stuff if you haven’t signed up for our e-mail list yet. All you have to do to sign up is to go to successpodcast.com and sign up right on the home page.

On top of tons subscriber-only content, exclusive access and live Q&As with previous guests, monthly giveaways and much more, I also created an epic free video course just for you. It's called How to Create Time for What Matters Most Even When You're Really Busy. E-mail subscribers have been raving about this guide.

You can get all of that and much more by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page, or by texting the word smarter to the number 44-222 on your phone. If you like what I do on Science of Success, my e-mail list is the number one way to engage with me and go deeper on what I discuss on the show, including free guides, actionable takeaways, exclusive content and much, much more.

Sign up for my e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page, or if you're on the go, if you're on your phone right now, it's even easier. Just text the word “smarter”, that's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222. I can't wait to show you all the exciting things you'll get when you sign up and join the e-mail list.

In our previous episode, we discussed why it's so important to study and understand psychology if you want to master any aspect of life. We looked at the evolutionary science behind how your brain can often play tricks on you. We shared a simple and impactful model from psychology for dealing with stressful and tough situations and we discussed the dangerous illusion of the quest for certainty and how you should actively embrace taking risks in your life with our guest, Dr. Daniel Crosby. If you want to stop your brain from playing tricks on you, listen to our previous episode.

Now, for our interview with Gretchen.

[0:03:14.5] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show, Gretchen Rubin. Gretchen is the author of the New York Times best-seller’s Better Than Before, The Happiness Project, Happier at Home and The Four Tendencies. Her latest book is Outer Order, Inner Calm. She’s appeared on TV outlets such as The Today Show, Oprah's Super Soul Sunday Morning and more. She's also appeared in the New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post and many other outlets.

Gretchen, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:42.3] GR: I'm so happy to be talking to you today. Well, we're very excited to have you on the show today and dig into this topic, because I think it's really fascinating. To start out, you've done a tremendous amount of work, tremendous amount of research. There's a million things we could dig into in this conversation, but the topic that has captured your attention recently is this idea of order. I wanted to begin with why has order become something and what – maybe let's start with what is order and why has it become for somebody who spent so much time studying happiness and habits and behaviors, why is order come to the forefront for you?

[0:04:16.7] GR: Well, it's interesting. I have been writing about happiness and good habits and human nature for a long time. Something that has surprised me is there's a disproportionate charge around the subject of outer order. I mean, if I would ask people if they make their bed, an audience would laugh and start chattering and people – a friend I said, “I finally cleaned up my fridge and now I know I can switch careers.” I was like, “I know how that feels.”

It doesn't really make sense, because you think well, in the context of a happy, productive life, something like a crowded coat closet, or a messy desk is trivial. Yet over and over, people reported to me and I certainly feel this way myself that when we get control over the stuff in our lives, we often feel more in control over our lives generally. If it's an illusion, it's a helpful illusion.

It's not just a sense of calm, but there's also a sense of focus, a sense of energy, even a sense of possibility. There’s something about dealing with these little challenges of creating outer order that makes us feel more able to tackle big challenges. I just always thought it seemed disproportionate. Why was everybody getting such a bang for their buck in this area? I decided, instead of writing about something huge like habits, I want to go shine a spotlight on something small, but that seems to be punching above its weight in terms of value, which is creating outer order.

[0:05:41.3] MB: That's such a great approach. I love the 80/20 perspective on what's something simple, very easy to do and yet, has an outsized approach in terms of shaping the outcomes in our lives.

[0:05:54.0] GR: Well, research shows that American adults spend about 55 minutes a day looking for misplaced items. Imagine what you could do with 55 minutes a day? One of the clearest benefits of outer order is that it's easier to find things. It's easier to put things away. You don't buy duplicates of something because you can't find – you have to buy a new tape measure, because you can't find the tape measure that you know you have somewhere.

Yeah. I mean, it really can yield very big benefits and very quickly. Yeah, there's a lot of instant gratification to it. It's not things that are more abstract, or that have a longer timeline. This is something, you can feel better like sent, you can get this boost quick.

[0:06:37.5] MB: That's been my own experience as well. I sometimes will almost – whenever I have a project to clean something up, or whether it's straighten up my desk, or throw things out, or clean up an old closet or drawer that's been full of junk, I sometimes actually save those activities and say, “All right, when I'm going to need a big productivity boost, I know that I need to go clean out this drawer.” Then I spend 15 minutes doing that and then I'm get in the flow, get in the zone and then I go crush out a bunch of productivity for the next couple hours.” It's amazing. I've had definitely had that personal experience of getting that boost from some very simple act of creating order in your environment.

[0:07:12.8] GR: I do exactly the same thing. I actually begged my friends to let me come over and help them clear their clutter, because it's like, you get all that exhilaration, but none of the emotional demand that comes from when it's your own things. I get a huge charge from it. I agree, I will do the same thing. Sometimes it really can be a way to get yourself that energy if you know that you need a little bit of it.

[0:07:35.3] MB: It's funny, even just talking about this, I'm looking around stuff in my office and have the urge to go get up and rip some stuff off the walls and clean up and throw some things away. I'm having to fight that tendency just to stay focused on the interview.

[0:07:47.8] GR: Well, that was my hope for the book. The book is written in this way where it's lots of ideas written in these very bite-sized pieces, because I wanted something that you just be so easily accessible. I was like, this is a book Outer Order, Inner Calm, this has to be extremely streamlined. Also it's a psych up book. It's a book that's meant to get you – you get a third of the way through it and then you throw it over your shoulder and go running to the medicine cabinet, or you go running to your filing cabinet, because you're like, “Oh, my gosh. I can't wait anymore. I have to start clearing clutter.”

After I finished recording the audiobook, the next day my director e-mailed me a before-and-after of her office, because she got so fired up from talking about it that then she spent the rest of the day cleaning at her office. It's really my hope that this is just to get you full of ideas and the sense of possibility to like, this is going to feel great. Let me go do this right now. I'm going to feel great and it's going to be really payoff for me in the future in terms of my focus and my energy and my call.

[0:08:45.5] MB: I love the focus on keeping it just so simple and so easy and so actionable. Anybody listening right now can in five minutes, create a change in their state and as you said, their energy and their focus simply by cleaning something up.

[0:09:03.0] GR: Well, one of the most popular ideas that I talk about is the one-minute rule. This is the idea that anything that you can do in less than a minute, you do without delay. If you can hang up your coat instead of tossing it over a chair, if you can print out a document and put it in the correct folder, anything you can do in less than a minute, just go ahead and do it. This means that you don't have to set aside any time. Some people are so busy they're like, “I don't have the time. If I did have the time, that's not how I would spend the time.”

This is something you just do as part of your ordinary day. Yet very quickly, if you really follow this rule, that scum of clutter on the surface of life goes away. That just makes everything much easier. Also, it's easier to keep up than to catch up. One discouraging thing that happens when people create outer order is they’ll clean out their office. They'll do some big sprints. Then two weeks later, it's like nothing ever changed.

Part of it is the challenge of establishing habits and practices, so that just as part of your ordinary day, you can maintain, so that you can keep up once you have caught up to keep it in that space so that you don't feel you constantly have to dig your way out again. Because that's discouraging and it feels like a waste of time. Pretty soon, it starts to feel pointless and so you never do it at all. Then you just get surrounded by junk and that's not fun.

[0:10:19.3] MB: I've definitely have the personal experience of cleaning something, even something small up and feeling almost a surge of energy and focus. I think many listeners are probably had that experience as well. We've talked a little bit about that. Tell me a little bit more around is there science behind why this happens, or what is the research of the data say around why this is such a powerful phenomenon?

[0:10:41.3] GR: The research in this area is very interesting and spotty. It seems like what people are mostly trying to do is to find what is the best way? What is the environment that makes people most creative? Are people more creative in a messy place, or in a clean place? To me, this is completely misguided, because people are so different and what works for one person doesn't work for another.

You could say on balance, 51% of people are better off doing blah, blah. That doesn't give me any information. I want to know what works for me. The only way we know that is by thinking about ourselves. If you want evidence of this is a book called Daily Rituals by Mason Currey. I wish that it wasn't called daily rituals, because it's not really about rituals, it's about habits, it's about when do people get up, when do they go to sleep, how much do they drink? Are they drinking coffee or vodka? Are they with a lot of other people? Are they working in solitude?

These are people who are tremendously high performers; scientists, painters, writers, choreographers, inventors. What you see when you look at this, just this compendium is that people very dramatically, some people work alone, some people work in a crowded studio, some people work from morning to night, some people work a half an hour a day, some people drink tons of coffee, some people drink – they're drinking liquor day long.

What you realize with all these people is they have figured out what they need to do their best work and they get it. If you need to sleep late, you figure out a way to sleep late. If you want to get up early, you get up early. You know yourself and you do as much as you can to create the environment in which you can thrive. I think that the research really goes astray is trying to act like there's one best way. There just isn't one best way.

I mean, we know that from real life. You don't need to have undergraduates eating marshmallows to tell you that some people are morning people and some people are night people. Now there's tremendous research showing that some people are morning people and some people are night people, but the idea that we're going to decide okay, from 10:00 to 1:00 p.m. is the best time for people to work. It just doesn't matter if in general that's true statistically, because it's so individual in how it turns out.

You see this also with clutter. Some people, really they want bare counters, bare desks. I'm like this myself. Some people really thrive on piles. They feel unexpected juxtapositions stimulate their creativity, they can find whatever they want immediately, they're not bothered by looking for things, that's not a problem for them.

For me to say, “Oh, a cluttered desk means a cluttered mind.” You have to have a clean desk, because that's what works for me, or that's what some research shows. It doesn't matter, because that doesn't work for this person. This person feels their creativity is more inspired by this environment. I think really the question is self-knowledge. I know sometimes you can't have exactly the environment that you want, because you have to coordinate with other people. You have to think about the environment they want, or you have to think about the schedule that is practical, so we don't always have max – complete flexibility.

I think we have to start by thinking about well, if I could do anything, what would be my ideal? Then work from there rather than saying, “I need to fit myself into someone else's mold of the best way, the right way, the most efficient way, even if I know from experience this doesn't work for me at all.”

[0:13:57.7] MB: That's a great point. Daily Rituals is a fascinating book. I remember reading that several years ago and it definitely opened my mind. After reading it, I spent a long time thinking about how do I craft my ideal day and work to build and schedule and structure my time, so that I had meetings at certain times and productive time at certain times in a way that was aligned with my own biorhythms and energy levels and everything else.

[0:14:23.6] GR: Yeah, because I think sometimes people are like, “Well, somebody's going to tell me what I should do and I should just do that.” It’s often, it's just not a good fit, because it just isn't what works for you. Yeah, I think self-knowledge is really important, because you might not be able to have your ideal day, but if you don't even know what your ideal day is, then you probably are definitely not going to get it. Your chances are much higher once you know what you're aiming for, or what you would wish for if you could get it.

[0:14:46.9] MB: Another great point. You underscore something that's probably the most single recurrent theme on the entire podcast, which is this notion that self-knowledge really underpins anything. If you don't know what you want, if you don't know what you're capable of, you don't know what you're striving towards, it's going to be really hard to get there.

[0:15:04.7] GR: Well absolutely. It's funny, when I wrote The Happiness Project, I came up with my 12 personal commandments. My first commandment and my most important commandment is to be Gretchen. Now everybody has to substitute their own name obviously, but it's this idea of who am I? You think, “Well, nothing could be easier than knowing who I am. I just hang out with myself all day long.”

As you know, it's very easy to get distracted by the way we wish we were, or the way we assume we ought to be or should be, or what other people expect from us. We lose connection with what is true about us. I think it's one of the great challenges of our lives. We should really try to grapple with what is the truth about me. It's very hard to look directly in the mirror. In fact, I have a lot of questions that I ask myself and other people to say okay, you might not be able to see this directly, how can we indirectly shine a spotlight on something that you've overlooked?

[0:16:01.6] MB: Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. It's so hard sometimes to see your own habits, or foibles, or weaknesses with perfect clarity. There's the classic example of having a friend or neighbor come to you with a problem and you immediately see, “Oh, you need to do this, this, and this.” Yet, if you have the same problem, suddenly you're mired in confusion and second-guessing and not knowing what you're supposed to be doing.

[0:16:28.0] GR: Exactly. That's why one of the exercises they say is imagine that a friend came and told you this like, “Oh, I did this terrible thing.” It’s like, “Oh, we've all done it.” You would think nothing of it if a friend did it, but for you you're consumed with both remorse and regret. Yeah, it's funny how we just have – it's just hard to think about ourselves in the same way.

Another thing to do is to ask yourself uncomfortable questions. I love to ask people, whom do you envy? These are very interesting emotion, because it means that somebody has something that we wish we had. People don't like to admit envy. It's not an attractive emotion. It's a very uncomfortable emotion, but it's very revealing because if you're like, “I envy that person's travel. I envy that person’s side hustle. I envy that person's time spent on music.” Well, then that tells you that they have something that you wish you had for yourself.

Then somebody was like, “Oh, but couldn’t you just say this is admiration?” Because they wanted it – they didn't want to frame it in a negative way. I’m like, you have to embrace the negative aspect to it, because if you admire something – I might admire that somebody spends a lot of time in exotic travels, but I don't want to do exotic travels. I admire it. I don't want it for myself. Envy tells you something about yourself that maybe you don't always want to acknowledge, or that you've been ignoring.

[0:17:46.1] MB: What a great framework and excellent journal question to put to yourself and spend 10 or 15 minutes thinking about what do you envy, and start to understand that if nothing else, can start to give you some clarity about how do you want to be shaping your activities and desires and goals towards the things that you ultimately want?

[0:18:04.1] GR: This happened to me, because – I was clerking for Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. I was working as a lawyer and I was reading my law school alumni magazine where it has the reports of what everybody in your class – all the different classes are doing. What I noticed is that when I read about people who had very, very interesting legal jobs, I had a sense of mild interest. When I read about people who had interesting writing jobs, I felt completely consumed with envy. I thought, “Whew, this is telling me something about myself, because I don't want any of these jobs that I'm reading about in law.” I can almost barely even stand to read about the people who have writing jobs, because it just upsets me so much. That was like, “Okay, well there's information there.” Uncomfortable information, but useful information.

[0:18:52.2] MB: I feel most useful things are often involved some form or fashion of discomfort.

[0:18:58.0] GR: Especially when it comes to self-knowledge, because I think a lot of times we don't want to admit what's true for ourselves. It's interesting, because there's this tension within self-knowledge, because on the one hand, we want to accept ourselves and the true nature of our temperament and our interests and our values and acknowledge what is true about ourselves, but we also want to expect more from ourselves. We want to go outside of our comfort zone. We don't want to be complacent. We want to be striving. A lot of times, that means doing things that make us feel uncomfortable, or angry, or frustrated, or we feel stupid.

On the one hand, to accept yourself and on the other hand, to expect more from yourself. Only you know the difference. Only you can say, is this something that you should accept about yourself? This is just something that's not right for you? Or is this something where you're like, “You know what? I really can do this.” Like public speaking, is this something that you're going to – you want to add, or is this something where you're like, “You know what? This is just not my thing.” Or bungee jumping. For some people they're like, “I should really do it. I'm going to feel great if I go bungee jumping. I'll be so happy I did it.” Then there are people like me where I'm like, “You know what? That's one thing. I'm just going to let go. I don't need to have that. Be Gretchen, bungee jumping is not for me.”

[0:20:03.6] MB: How do you think about, or what are some useful tools or heuristics you found for weighing that balance between self-acceptance and high expectations? That's something that personally I'm very interested in and I feel like spend a lot of time thinking about.

[0:20:18.7] GR: I don't think there's an easy solution. I'm sure as you say, you spent a lot of time thinking about it too. There's no easy solution. I think it's just rigorous and relentless self-examination. One thing that I do feel is helpful in decision-making, this is when you're trying to decide should I ask this of myself, or not? A very helpful question is to think, choose the bigger life. Often when things are described as the bigger life, it gives you a sort of element of clarity of what in your mind would be a bigger life.

Here's just a very mundane example, so everybody in my family really wanted to get a dog and I didn't want to get a dog. I was like, “It's going to be a big hassle. There's all this work. It's inconvenient. We're going to have a dog, this dog is going to live with us for longer than our own daughters live with us probably.” I was just like, the pros and the cons were very heavily weighted for me. I knew all the happiness research that pets make people happier, dogs make people happier and healthier. There's a lot of reasons to do it, a lot of reasons. For me, it was unbalanced. Then I thought, choose the bigger life.

Now the interesting thing about the question is for some people, the bigger life could be not getting a dog, because they'd be like, “If I don't get a dog, I'll have this money to spend on other things that are important to me, I'll have more freedom to do things that are important to me. This is this is going to lock me into a set of responsibilities that in the end, it's going to be very confining.” For me, the bigger life is not to have the dog.

For me, it was instantly clear that in our situation, the bigger life was the life with the dog. That allowed me to all of a sudden, I was walking away from my pros and cons list and the answer was very clear. I feel with accept yourself and expect more from yourself, sometimes you can say is this the bigger life? I remember when I started The Happier Podcast with my sister, I called her and I said, “This could be a huge flop in public. I'm just saying you need to be prepared that this is going to go nowhere. It's going to just be a giant failure and everyone's going to – anyone who looks is going to see it.”

She's like, “Totally. A 100% I'm in. Let's just do it.” That's the bigger life. Sometimes choosing the bigger life makes you see that it is worth the anxiety and the insecurity and the frustration and all the negative feelings that can come with when we try to push ourselves out of what is comfortable, because if it represents the bigger life, then that really can help shed a light on what's important to us. Because if it doesn't represent a bigger life, then maybe it isn't something that we want to do.

Everything has an opportunity cost. To do this is not to do that. Maybe this isn't the right thing. If it's not the bigger life, maybe in a week you'll discover something else and you'll have the opportunity and the time and the bandwidth to think about something else, because you're not getting distracted by somebody else's idea of what you should do. Because I think sometimes, that's a problem is people say, “Oh, you should do this, you should do that.” You're like, “Okay, I will.” It's like, “Should you do that? Maybe you should, but maybe you should be doing something completely different.” It's a struggle. It's a constant balance.

[0:23:11.8] MB: That's a very useful framework. I think the dog example is such a perfect way to illustrate it, because it shows you that with the exact same choice getting a pet, the bigger life can be completely opposite things for different people. Yet at the same time, that question is such a powerful forcing function to really think about how do you envision your best life and is this choice or decision putting you on a path towards those kinds of activities and things and experiences, or is it moving away from it?

[0:23:42.1] GR: Yeah, absolutely.

[0:23:44.4] MB: So interesting. We've diverged dramatically from the content of order, but I think it was a worthwhile exploration.

[0:23:51.5] GR: All these subjects are so interrelated. I mean, there's happiness, there's habits, there's order, there's the four tendencies which is my personality framework. I mean, what I love about this subject, which I would say it's all human nature. I would say that's what links all these things and unifies them is this question of human nature. Who are we? Why do we do what we do and how can we change if we want to change? Yeah, you can start in one place and end up someplace else, but it all feels it's part of a large unifying concept.

[0:24:22.3] MB: You bring up another really good, point which is essentially that – ctually two really good points; one is the essential notion that all reality is fundamentally interconnected. Whether you're talking about at a hard sciences level, or even in the domains of human activity, whether it's business, whether it's sport, anything that you're looking at, psychology often underpins all of those different things. Even the broader academic disciplines exist maybe within the academy as silos, but actually they're all describing pieces of reality. To be true, they all have to reflect and connect and incorporate the truths from all the other disciplines.

[0:24:59.2] GR: Well, it's fascinating that you say that because one of the things that I study most intensely is the great essayist from the past, like Montaigne, Samuel Johnson, William Hazlitt, [inaudible 0:25:11.4], because I feel that – William James even, because William James is scientific, but not totally scientific. If you read something like varieties of religious experience, I think that sometimes this thought to me reveals more about human nature, even than the academic research. I love the academic research. I read it constantly, but because of the way that science is done, it's very, very narrow. It's looking at one thing, we have to define all the terms the same way.

You can get distortions and you can also get that people look at things that they can study and they miss as you say, how things might connect. I often find that I will read something in Samuel Johnson and he will sum up in a single paragraph something that I'm like, “I can think of five research papers that are trying to tackle one little bit of something that he's making an observation about and that he's able to make a grand, just based on nothing. I’m Samuel Johnson and I'm here to just tell you what I think.” I'm like, “His insights are more profound.” I feel I've learned more about myself from reading this thing from the 1700s than reading the most up-to-date research.

I think that there's room for both things. I think there's absolutely the research is super important, but then I also think there are great thinkers who have these insights that are very worth pondering. I'm sure that the people doing the research often study folks to see what they're saying, or how they approach these questions from this very different perspective. There's a lot of ways to try to get insight into human nature. For me, that is one of the most powerful sources of insight.

[0:26:54.4] MB: That underscores the essential idea that it's so important to have a multidisciplinary perspective on anything that you're looking at, whether it's any single thing you're trying to study or understand, you have to bring in knowledge from all kinds of diverse fields to truly see the big picture and truly see and get a glimpse of the ultimate reality.

[0:27:16.3] GR: Well, it's interesting on exactly that point. I am a huge fan of the work of Gary Taubes, who wrote the case against sugar and why we get fat, good calories, bad calories. I read the book Why We Get Fat and overnight I changed everything about the way I eat. I mean, except for leafy green vegetables and chicken. I basically changed everything the way I ate and it had the most dramatic positive consequences for me. I was just completely convinced by his arguments, which was all about insulin function essentially.

Then my father did the same thing. I was like, “Oh, my life was completely changed by this book.” Then off my father goes and he did it too and he had even more dramatic good results. Gary Taubes, he's so convincing in his marshalling of arguments. One of the points that he makes in his area which is about basically metabolism, nutrition, hormones, all that stuff is that the specialists are so siloed that a lot of times they don't understand the true consequences of certain things they've discovered, how they might have relevance to someone who's looking at a very different problem.

You need someone who can step back and be like, “Okay, let's try to put all these pieces together and to think about the big system that's at work.” You need to have all the little itty-bitty systems and information about what's happening in these narrow areas. If you don't try to put them together, you often will miss a really important point because you're not standing far enough back. It's the forest for the trees problem. Especially when systems that are very interrelated, because you only focus on one thing; you may come to the wrong conclusion, because you don't understand how it's actually working in a larger system that might have a very different consequence than the one that you anticipate.

[0:28:54.6] MB: That's one of the guiding principles behind why we started Science of Success and why I'm constantly for a long time listeners have heard me rattle on about the importance of mental models again and again, because incorporating all these different disciplines and all this knowledge gives you such a much richer perspective on anything you're trying to tackle, or understand, or achieve.

[0:29:16.8] GR: For me, I think reading is how I try to do that. It’s just constantly reading. Because I feel with reading, it's a good – I just feel I'm often forced to think through something from a different perspective, or to be confronted with people who argue things that I don't agree with, or who are telling stories about characters who have thoughts or impulses that I would completely disagree with, or can't understand and going through that is a constant way of testing my own thoughts and like, have I gotten stuck in one way of thinking, or am I assuming that I'm right when it's really –

This is one of the problems that I found for myself as I've gotten deeper and deeper. Often I would think, well I'm right, instead of saying this is what's true for me. I really now have a much greater appreciation of how – people have vastly different perspectives on the world. You think, oh, the world – this is what you think. The world is the world. We see what we see. You can reframe if you want to whatever, the facts are the facts. No. My gosh, people have vastly different understandings of what's happening; what's right and wrong, what's preferable, what's valuable, even things like who's being polite.

A great way to see this play out is if I – every time I go to someone's office, I always make a beeline for the kitchen and look at all the signs that are posted in the office kitchen. Because if you want to see the variety of human nature, you look at what people have to say about what you should do with your dirty dishes, because people have really, really different philosophies about what the right behavior is. They absolutely do not understand why anybody would disagree with them and they think it's just barbaric, that anyone is deviating from what they think is right.

It's not that they're wrong. It's just actually people have very different ideas about what's right to do in an office kitchen. Unless you sit down and have a two-hour conversation about it, you don't know, you just see a lot of passive-aggressive signs posted on the sink. Because people have different views, they really see the world in different ways.

[0:31:12.5] MB: Dishes is a great microcosm to understand how all of – I mean, as you said, you could spend hours and hours unpacking the histories and the psychological biases and the upbringings and everything that leads to this one little eruption of a clash over how to handle a dirty dish when there's an entire worldview that underpins that.

[0:31:35.1] GR: No. The thing is people don't – they just think, if you don't do what I think is right, you're either dumb, or you're completely inconsiderate. They don't understand, like and I can even go through this because I've talked to so many people about it, like the different worldviews. Like you say, it’s not that they are like, “Oh, ha, ha, ha. You're the sucker.” They have a view about how to do this right. Who's to say who's right or who's wrong?

This is why in my view, it should be someone's job. Anything that people are – people should just pitch in, I'm like, people are going to have very different views about what is right and how to do it and how often and who should do what and what are people's proper roles and contributions, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, this can go on forever. Have it be someone's job. Have it be someone's job. Have them to get paid for it, have them get recognized for it. If you're like, “Oh, it's someone's job to put away the coffee cups, do I feel being nice to this person and doing it myself? Maybe I do,” but no one's volunteering to do this. If I don't do it, it's not – I think it should be a job. Everything if you want it to be done, have it be a job.

[0:32:42.9] MB: This week, my desk is looking fresh and stylish with great amenities, including a really cool magnetic hourglass that I got in the mail from our awesome sponsor this week, Bespoke Post. Grab your own copy of the agenda box, which has all those desktop goodies and have your office start looking like Don Draper's along with lots of other cool gear by visiting boxofawesome.com.

When you get started by visiting boxofawesome.com, you'll answer a few short questions that'll help you get a feel for the boxes that are going to go best with your style. Whether you’re in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, or a jet-setting lifestyle, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time. Every box goes for under $50, but has more than $70 worth of unique gear waiting inside for you.

The first of each month, you're going to receive an e-mail with your box details. You have five days to change the colors, change the sizes, add extra goodies, or if you're not feeling it, just skip that month. From barrel-aging kits to limited edition cigars, weekender bags, classy dopp kits, awesome belts and much more, Bespoke Post offers essential goods and guidance for the modern man.

To receive 20% off of your first subscription box, go to boxofawesome.com and enter the code Success at checkout. That's boxofawesome.com, code Success for 20% off of your first box.

Bespoke Post, themed boxes for guys that give a damn.

[0:34:19.9] MB: You brought up another really good point a moment ago as well, which is this idea that there's a huge difference between the seemingly truth-oriented, or objective statement I'm right and this is what's right for me. That applies to what we're just talking about in terms of even small situations of social norms, etc., but it comes all the way back to what we're talking about earlier as well with constructing your own daily rituals and habits and routines and understanding that in some cases, it's not necessarily there's one truth, but rather it's about figuring out what is true for you.

[0:34:52.4] GR: Well and one way this comes up very often is morning people and night people. This is a real thing. It's largely genetically determined and also a function of age. There's an amazing book called Internal Time by Roenneberg, which is absolutely fascinating on the subject of chrono types.

I remember a friend of mine said to me, “You know, my resolution for this year is I'm going to get up early and go running before work every day.” I was like, “No, you're not. Because I know you and you're a night person. You're least productive and efficient and creative first thing in the day.” Like, show me pieces of paper that say the best thing to – why this is a good, efficient smart thing to do, I can show you all the research in the world about why you should do it before you go to work, but I'm just here to say you're not going to do that, because you're a night person.

Instead of setting yourself up for failure and frustration, set yourself up for success. Exercise at lunch, exercise at 4:00 in the afternoon. Because the fact that it makes sense on paper, or it might be more convenient, you've just got to – you get what you get and you don't get upset about yourself. Thinking that, “Oh, it's more efficient to do that.” It’s like, yeah, except that it doesn't get done at all. How efficient is that? Not.

I think that making people think that there's one right way, or best way often becomes a hurdle, because if that way doesn't work for them, they just keep thinking, “Well, I need to just work on that till I can make it happen.” I mean, I was giving a talk me guy was saying, “Oh, for years and years and years I tried to be a morning person, but finally I just buckled down and I did it and here itself, well I turned myself in a morning person.”

I was like, “Yeah, how old are you? You're 55-years-old. You're experiencing the morning person stuff that happens with age. If you were 28-years-old, I assure you would not be saying this.” He's like, “You're right. At 28, I couldn't have done this.” I'm like, “Right?” I mean, it's not that it's not a good idea, it's just that it's not practical because it's not going to work at all for some people. I'm always thinking there's so many ways for us to achieve our aims. If one way doesn't work for you, then go on to something else. Experiment, learn. If something doesn't work, you learn something about yourself. That's valuable too.

One thing that works for a lot of people is don't break the chain. Some people love that. If that works for you, that's great. It's a very powerful strategy. If don't break the chain makes you feel choked and trapped, okay then you learn that about yourself. You're not going to use don't break the chain, there's a million other ways to achieving it.

[0:37:12.6] MB: What is don't break the chain? I've never heard of that.

[0:37:14.8] GR: Oh, don't break the chain it's just you're going to keep track of how often you've exercised, or how often you've done meditation, or whatever, how often you eaten less than 50 grams of carbs in a day and you're just going to check it off. You're going to build up a chain of the X marks the spot on your calendar and the chain is the chain of successes. For many people, this is very, very compelling. They'll get up to 465 X's on their chain and then they get the flu or whatever.

For some people, they really love that, but then some people don't like that. It's like, okay fine. This is not the best tool. It might have worked really well for me, I might say this is the best tool, but it's not a tool that's universally useful. To-do lists; in my personality framework, the four tendencies – I mean, there's a sizable number of people who cannot use to-do lists. Fine. They constantly beat themselves up, because they're like, every grown up in the world uses to-do list. I'm like, “No, they don't.” A lot of people don't like to-do list. There's other ways to achieve your aims. If this is a tool that doesn't work for you, just move on. There's nothing wrong with you. You don't need to change, you just need to find a tool that fits you, because everybody's always trying to cram themselves into some model, but that model – there are very, very few universal things. I'm constantly trying to figure out what’s universal. Just about nothing is universal.

I wrote a book Happier at Home. Some people don't even have the idea of home. Not many people. Most people have some idea of home, but some people really don't and that's pretty – you think, well that's got to be pretty universal.

[0:38:51.3] MB: Yeah. So many ways we could we could explore into that. I'll throw a couple – obviously all the links we've talked about today, also throw a couple previous episodes we have. We interviewed Daniel Pink and he talks all about the different time chrono types and everything, we'll throw that in the show notes. We have a couple other episodes around habits and stuff for listeners who want to dig in more.

I think you brought a really good point up, which is the importance of adherence to anything that you're doing and a habit that you actually do is even if it's not the optimal strategy, is a hundred times more valuable than a habit that's the optimal strategy that you do once or twice and then stop doing completely.

[0:39:25.9] GR: Yeah, there's a great line from Voltaire, “Don't let the perfect be the enemy of the good.” That's very important to remember. The thing that you do is much more valuable than the perfect thing you never – that you don't do. Yeah. It's the whole, don't get it perfect, get it going. I mean, it is very, very important to remember.

For listeners who want to concretely implement, or apply some of the ideas and strategies that we've talked about today, what would be a couple, or one particular action item, or action step for them to start implementing either some of the ways to create order in their lives, or to implement some of the other themes we've talked about?

[0:40:03.8] GR: Well, when it comes to outer order, I think a very valuable question – because one of the first things is how do you decide what to keep and what to either discard, or recycle, or donate, or whatever? Is do you need it, do you use it, do you love it? Because if you don't need it, use it, or love it, then you probably don't need it. That's the cord to the appliance from nowhere. If you don't need it, use it, or love it, that's something that's really failed to test and probably needs to go.

Another thing to remember is don't get organized. People are often like, “My first thing I'm going to do, I'm going to get organized.” If you get rid of everything, you don't need, don't use, don't love, you may not need to get organized. You may not need to run out and buy a filing cabinet if you realize that you don't need to keep any of that paperwork. I was just talking to a guy the other day and he went through all his paperwork and he realized a huge portion of it, strangely enough, was pet insurance. Paperwork and paperwork and paperwork related to his pet insurance and he realize it's all online. He could just get rid of all of it. It’s not like it didn't have to be organized. Don't get organized. Get rid of everything you don't want and then you may not need to get organized at all.

Another idea that works for a lot of people is the one minute rule; anything that you can do in less than a minute, do without delay, because this gets rid of those little tasks. Then often when those little tasks are cleared out, the big tasks seem easier and they also stand out more. It's like, “Oh, now that I've gotten rid of all this little stuff, I see that I do have this one big pile. Maybe I'll just do a couple things every time I walk by the pile.” Then pretty soon, even the thing that looks like the biggest mess if you really just tackle it little by little, usually it's pretty – it’s something that you can you can get under control, once you really are making a consistent effort to tackle it.

[0:41:44.1] MB: With the example of the pet insurance, that's definitely something I've discovered I had an epiphany probably three or four years ago. I realized all these manuals and instruction booklets and everything that I've been keeping for all my electronics and everything, you just Google what to do and it's all online, and you can even find the actual manual online, but you're probably better off just finding a three-minute YouTube video where someone shows you exactly how to do it. Yet, I was keeping stacks and stacks and stacks of all these things and I threw them all away.

[0:42:10.3] GR: Yeah. I mean, I completely agree. Or you keep travel information. Travel information gets outdated so quickly. A lot of research, it's like – research just go stale, unless you really want to push yourself not to hang on to those things. Or people rip out pictures of, “Oh, I love the way this looks.” Or, “Someday, I'm going to do my dream kitchen.” I’m like, “Look, five years from now when you move and you're going to renovate your kitchen, you're not going to be looking back at this.” I mean, it's just not realistic.

Sometimes people like to just rip things out or hold on to things just I think almost as a way of just claiming it. If you want to do that, that's fine, or bookmarking it, but then let it go. It served its purpose. I think really looking at that color. I mean, one thing to do is to think about how technology creates a clutter that we can get rid of. If you only take pictures and videos on your phone, do you need a camera and a video camera and a charging cable and all that stuff? Probably not. Do you need a scanner? Do you need a fax machine? Do you need a photocopier? Maybe not. Do you need a compass? Does anybody have a compass? I bet some people have a compass. You don't need a compass.

There's certain kinds of things that we just don't need. Alarm clock; do you ever use an alarm clock? Maybe you do. A lot of people say you should use an alarm clock instead of your phone and keep your phone out of your room. Maybe you do that. Maybe you don't, maybe you just use your phone. In which case, why do you have an alarm clock in every room? Sometimes they seem useful and they're there, and so we don't realize actually, I don't even ever – I haven't used this thing in three, four years. Getting rid of it will just open up that space in our lives.

[0:43:44.7] MB: A lot of times and I can almost hear listeners asking me this question, because I get questions like this very frequently, I don’t know, in my e-mail. What we talked about today, this idea that so many things are very context-dependent. It might work in one context, it might not work in another context. It might be right for you, it might be completely wrong for you, can create almost a analysis paralysis. What prescription would you give to somebody who's listening who now feels even more lost or confused, how can they see through the haze or start to get clarity around figuring out what's going to actually work for them?

[0:44:21.9] GR: I would just say, do you need to use – do you love it? Just everything that is in your area, just say that, because that's very clear. I mean, the pet insurance, do you need it? No. Do you use it? No. You don't need it because it's online. Do you use it? No, I never look back on it. Do you love it? Certainly not. Okay, get rid of it. I think that's very clarifying.

One famous question is Marie Kondo’s Spark Joy, I think that that's a much tougher question as I'm like, “Ah, it doesn't spark joy, except that it's useful to me and I guess, everything that's useful sparks joy.” Then that feels it's not really being true to what the idea of sparking joy is. Then I get in caught in this tangle of what is joy anyway and is workmanship enough, blah, blah blah? I'm like, “Do I use it? Do I need it? Do I love it?” Because there's a lot of things I don't even really like, but I use them all the time. It’s like yeah, I use it. I think that is a question we can eliminate a lot of decision fatigue.

With clothes, people often are like, “Ah, I could wear it. I should wear it. I would wear it. Do you wear it? Do you use it? Do you need it? Do you love it?” Now because sometimes we have things that are very useful, even though we don't use them very often. This is why I don't like the one-year test, because sometimes people are like, “If you haven't used it in a year, get rid of it.”

What about heavy ski pants? I don't even ski, but I have ski pants because I'm a super cold person. When it's very, very cold in New York City when I leave, I just wear ski pants all day. Some years it's not that cold and I don't even use the ski pants, but then the day comes and I'm like, “I'm going to get out the ski pants.” I use them and I do – when the need arises, I do need them. Even maybe two years would go by when I don't need them. I think that is the helpful test.

[0:46:05.0] MB: Just adding a tiny bit on to that to extrapolate this idea out beyond even creating order to rituals and habits more broadly and trying to figure out whether they work for you, whether they're right for you, you brought up a great point earlier as well which is this idea of experimentation and how useful that can be for figuring out which habits and strategies are going to work best for you and are going to have the highest adherence rate for you. What are you going to actually do.

[0:46:29.7] GR: Yeah. Now that's a huge theme in the book Better Than Before, because obviously that's the million dollar question. It's not so much what should you do, but how can you get yourself to stick to the things that you want to do? Really, a helpful question in this regard is what have you succeeded in the past? Because a lot of times, people are failing at something now, but they have succeeded in the past, but they're ignoring the information that maybe would help them move forward.

If I said to my friend, was there a time when you exercised in the past? He's like, “Yeah, in college I would always go – I would go for a run right before dinner and I did that very consistently.” It’s like, okay so what are we learning from that? Are we learning that you need to go running before you eat? Are we learning that you need to run with a friend? Are we learning that you need to run in the afternoon? I would say, I think it's the time of day. I think your adherence goes up when it's later in the day, because that's when you have higher energy.

Maybe that's not it. Sometimes people are like, I thought of the class was because I knew I was paying, but it turned out it wasn't the paying, it was seeing a friend. Or it turned out it wasn't seeing a friend, it was knowing that if I didn't come to the class, somebody else wasn't able to take my slot and my feeling of guilt about taking a slot from someone else who would otherwise been able to go to a class, that's what made me go.

Understanding why sometimes you succeed and other times not, often can really guide your experimentation because you'll see, well what are those factors that are coming into play? If you've never succeeded, you've never done, it maybe you've never tried to do it, just to say, “I'll try it this way. If this doesn't work after a good solid try, try it at a different time of day, or I'll try –” Ask around. What’s worked for other people? If something sounds appealing to you. Maybe it's hard for you to exercise unless you're training for the marathon, or training for a big run. Okay, that's a thing that works.

I hate that. I would never do that. I don't like that idea. I don't like games. Competition would make something less fun for me, but maybe for you you’ll pickup basketball game every week, would be much more likely to keep you exercising. Then once you do it once a week you're like, “Hey, I could do this twice a week.” Then, “Hey, maybe I want to go running another night because it's going to help my game.” Once you start, you can start building on it.

You're absolutely right, experimentation is crucial. Sometimes people get discouraged. They're like, “There's one way to do this. I can't do it that way. What's wrong with me?” Instead of saying, “Okay, that's a data point. Let's move on to the next opportunity. What else can I try?” If you look around, you'll see there's a lot of ways to achieve aims. There's a lot of ways to get done whatever you want to get done, so just figure out what works for you.

[0:49:04.2] MB: Gretchen, where can listeners find you and all of your work online?

[0:49:09.7] GR: I have a site, gretchenrubin.com and there's a huge amount of information there. I post frequently about my adventures and happiness and good habits in human nature. There's also tremendous resources, all kinds of discussion guides and one-pagers. There's excerpts and audio clips of my books. If you're thinking, “Oh, I want to see if this book is for me,” you can read free, or listen free there. Just a ton of – There's a quiz. We briefly mentioned the Four Tendencies Framework. If you want to know if you're an upholder, questioner, obligor or rebel, which is very relevant to this, you can take the free quiz there. I think two million people have taken that quiz now.

Then I also have a podcast called Happier with Gretchen Rubin, which I do every week with my sister Elizabeth, where we talk about how to be happier. We talk about a lot of these ideas, but very practical ways. Our first segment has always tried this at home, it's always a suggestion, a concrete idea that you could try at home. It's just part of your ordinary routine. Happiness hacks, like the little hacks that we all find from time to time that can boost our happiness. It's really fun and very concrete.

Then I'm on social media everywhere under the handle Gretchen Rubin and I love to connect with readers and listeners and viewers. If you have thoughts, or insights, or questions, or observations, hit me up.

[0:50:21.3] MB: Well Gretchen, thank you so much for coming on the show and sharing all this wisdom. Been a great conversation.

[0:50:27.7] GR: I so appreciate it. I feel like we could talk all day. We're interested in so many of the same things.

[0:50:31.7] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you, our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week.

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend, either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success.

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top.

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.

March 28, 2019 /Lace Gilger
Decision Making, Focus & Productivity
Dr. Daniel Crosby-01.png

Your Brain is Playing Tricks On You - 18 Surprising Biases That Control Your Life with Dr. Daniel Crosby

March 21, 2019 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity, Money & Finance

In this episode we discuss why it’s so important to study and understand psychology if you want to master any aspect of life. We look at evolutionary science behind how your brain can often play tricks on you. We share a simple and impactful model from psychology for dealing with stressful and tough situations, and we discuss the dangerous illusion of the “quest for certainty” and how you should actively embrace taking risks in your life with our guest Dr. Daniel Crosby. 

Dr. Daniel Crosby is a psychologist and behavioral finance expert who helps organizations understand the intersection of mind and markets. His most recent book, The Behavioral Investor, provides an expert look at the useful mix of psychology and investment science. His work has appeared in the Huffington Post and Risk Management Magazine, as well as his monthly columns for WealthManagement.com and Investment News.

  • In order to understand how the financial and capital markets work - we have to understand human behavior.

  • Since almost everything we do is largely a function of interacting with humans - in order to understand life, business, the world - we have to understand human behavior and the human mind

  • Psychology underpins most of reality - in order to understand anything you have to understand the human mind. 

  • Human nature is the “bottom turtle” in most disciplines and facets of reality

  • Evidence based growth is a powerful niche - because the leadership and personal development space is full of voodoo, bad thinking, and wrong common sense 

  • The evidence based approach is harder but ultimately much more fulfilling and impactful

  • Things that have served us well from an evolutionary perspective often serve us poorly in the modern world and the financial markets 

  • Loss aversion is a great example of a pro-evolutionary trait that malfunctions in modern society 

  • The human brain hasn’t been upgraded in over 200,000 years. 

  • Your 200,000 year old brain is trying to cope with systems that are tens if not hundreds of years old - this leads to a number of problems and issues. 

  • We are wired to act - we feel a burning need to take action and do something - and yet often times the best investment strategy is to do nothing 

  • In the world of investing - the less you do, the better off you are. The research is crystal clear on this. 

  • The best performing investors are people who either died or forgot about their trading account! 

  • “Success begets failure.” As you win, you become more convinced of your skill, and you start to make worse and worse decisions,  becoming sloppy and undisciplined 

  • You must be a rules based, systematic investor when it comes to decision-making. 

  • Bad design —> bad decision —> bad outcomes.

  • Set great rules and follow them slavishly. 

  • Most people self report incorrectly. They think they work more than they do and they think they have less free time than they do. You probably under-report to yourself how much time you spend on TV. 

  • You have more free time than you give yourself credit for. 

  • The free time we’ve gained as a society has been replaced minute for minute with watching TV. 

  • There is a very real, physical side, of dealing with stressful and difficult situations

  • Before you do any interventions to prevent anxiety - you can get a HUGE amount of mileage out of taking basic care of your body - sleeping better, drinking less caffeine, getting in some moderate exercise.

  • People who have to pee are better at managing risk. “Inhibitory spillover.”

  • There is a huge interplay between the mind and the body.

  • The more you study performance and achievement - you see again and again that success is about the mastery of the basics, there is no magic bullet. 

  • The “RAIN" model for dealing with stress (based on cognitive behavioral therapy) 

    • Recognition

    • Acceptance

    • Investigation

    • Non-identification

  • Catastrophizing often puts us in a negative spiral.

  • Emotional states are fleeting - they don’t define you. 

  • We are more than what happens to us - at any time we can change our RESPONSE to any stimulus. 

  • Self esteem science is junk science. 15,000 studies were examined on self esteem - and what they found was that the research was largely junk, and self esteem has no predictive ability on achievement. 

  • There is NO substitute for TAKING RISK, DOING HARD THINGS and SINKING AND SWIMMING ON YOUR OWN MERITS. 

  • The only way that you will truly feel good about yourself is by taking risk and putting yourself out there. 

  • The biggest risk of all is not taking any risk. 

  • In our best efforts to protect ourselves from harm we bring about the very thing we are trying to avoid. You aren’t really protecting yourself - you’re brining about the absolute realization of what you’re really scared of. 

  • The quest for certainty is very dangerous. There is uncertainty. It’s part of the game. The alternative of embracing uncertainty is to always settle for the lowest common denominator.

  • Once you own the fact that the world is uncertain, it changes your perspective. 

  • The goal is to tip the scales of probability in your favor.

  • In an uncertain world, process and evidence are the core things to focus on. Control what’s controllable.

  • Look for models for living that are data driven and make common sense.

  • If something seems to good to be true it probably is.

  • Personal progress and investment success involves sacrifice and discipline and hard work.

  • The “backfire effect” - often times when presented with data and evidence that disagrees with people’s world view, people often become MORE committed to their idea or belief than they were before. 

  • Meet people who don’t share your beliefs and try to understand why they hold the beliefs that they do. 

  • Homework: Go somewhere that makes you uncomfortable.

  • Homework: Seek first to get your own house in order. Take a hard look at yourself. 

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybuttonsmall.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

This week’s episode of The Science of Success is brought to you by Bespoke Post and their monthly Box Of Awesome! The team at Bespoke Post are always out scouting for quality and unique products to send people just like you each month! Whether you’re in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, or jet-setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time.

For a limited time, you can get your first Box of Awesome for 20% off by entering the code SUCCESS at checkout! Each box costs under $50 but has over $70 work of unique gear waiting inside!

This week we’re loving the Crema Box! We don't think you should have to rely on anyone for a nice hot shot of espresso. This box ensures you'll always have a cup of something delicious to linger over. Without ever leaving your house.

Screenshot 2019-03-20 at 10.18.04 PM.png

From barrel-aging kits to limited edition cigars, weekender bags, jackets to classy Dopp Kits, Bespoke Post offers the essential goods and guidance for the modern man. Don’t want a box that month, no problem. Opt out on months you

We’ve been customers for years and love getting our box each month, you will too!

Want To Dig In More?! - Here’s The Show Notes, Links, & Research

General

  • [Social] Daniel Crosby Twitter

  • [Social] Daniel Crosby LinkedIn

  • Daniel’s Podcast Standard Deviations

  • Daniel’s Site for Nocturne Capital

Media

  • [Article] PubMed - “Inhibitory spillover: increased urination urgency facilitates impulse control in unrelated domains” by Tuk MA, Trampe D, and Warlop L.

  • [Article] Psychology Today - “Let it R.A.I.N.” by Rick Hanson Ph.D.

  • [Article] “Backfire effect” Posted by: Margaret Rouse

  • [Article] Think Advisor: 'Buy What You Know' Is 'Dumb Advice' By Jane Wollman Rusoff

  • [Article] Think Advisor: 3 Behavioral Biases That Hurt Investors By Ginger Szala

  • [Article] Abnormal Returns: Q&A with Daniel Crosby author of The Behavioral Investor

  • [Article] Brinker Capital Blog: “You will never regret your vacation” by Dr. Daniel Crosby

  • [Article] ETF Trends: “Five Questions: Behavior in Investing With Dr. Daniel Crosby” by Jack Forehand

  • [Article] NerdEcon: A Book Review: The Laws of Wealth by Nicholas Haberling

  • Wealth Managment .com Author Directory

  • [Podcast] Listen money Matters - The Laws of Wealth – A Chat With Daniel Crosby

  • [Podcast] EO Fire - 1846: Behavioral finance and the science of being less stupid with Dr. Daniel Crosby

  • [Podcast] Patrice Washington - Dr. Daniel Crosby: The Best Thing You Can Do is Nothing

  • [Podcast] Art of Manliness - #222: The Laws of Wealth

  • [Podcast] Part-Time Money - 035: The Secrets to Investing Success and Building Wealth with Author Dr. Daniel Crosby

Videos

  • Daniel’s YouTube Channel

  • The Laws of Wealth: Psychology and the Secret of Investing Success

  • The 10 Commandments of Behavioral Finance

  • TEDTalks - TEDxHuntsville - Daniel Crosby - You're Not That Great: A Motivational Speech

  • TEDTalks - Sex, Funds, & Rock N' Roll: Daniel Crosby at TEDxHuntsville

  • TEDTalks - Can being weird make you rich and happy?: Daniel Crosby at TEDxBYU

  • TEDTalks - Value Investing and Behavioral Finance - Dr. Daniel Crosby

  • InvestmentNews - Daniel Crosby: Emotion and Investing

  • InvestmentNews - Daniel Crosby: The future is behavioral

  • Municipal Employees' Retirement System of Michigan - Dr. Daniel Crosby - Keynote Speaker

Books

  • The Behavioral Investor by Daniel Crosby

  • Man's Search for Meaning by Viktor E. Frankl

  • The Laws of Wealth: Psychology and the secret to investing success by Daniel Crosby and Chuck Widger

  • Personal Benchmark: Integrating Behavioral Finance and Investment Management  by Daniel Crosby and Chuck Widger

  • You're Not That Great  by Daniel Crosby

Episode Transcript

[0:00:04.2] MB: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host Matt Bodnar.

Welcome to the Science of Success. The number one evidence based growth podcast on the internet. With more than three million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we discuss why it’s so important to study and understand psychology if you want to master master any of life. We look at the evolutionary science behind how your brain often playas tricks on you. We share a simple and impactful model from psychology for dealing with stressful and tough situations and we discuss the dangerous illusion of the quest for certainty and how you should actively embrace taking risks in your life. With our guest Dr. Daniel Crosby.

I’m going to tell you why you’ve been missing out on some incredibly cool stuff if you haven’t signed up for our email list yet. All you have to do to sign up is to go to successpodcast.com and sign up right on the home page. On top of tons of subscriber only content, exclusive access and live Q&A’s with previous guests, monthly giveaways and much more. I also created an epic free video course just for you.

It’s called, “How to Create Time for What Matters Most, Even When You’re Really Busy”. Email subscribers have been raving about this guy. You can get all of that and much more by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page. Or, by texting the word “smarter” To the number 44222 on your phone. If you like what I do on Science of Success, my email list is the number one way to engage with me and go deeper on what I discuss on the show, including free guides, actionable takeaways, exclusive content and much, much more.

Sign up for my email list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page. Or, if you’re on the go, if you’re on your on the go, if you’re on your phone right now, it’s even easier. Just text the word “smarter” to the number 44222. I can’t wait to show you all the exciting things you’ll get when you sign up and join the email list.

[0:02:35.1] MB: In our previous episode, we asked, “How do you make decisions that let you see beyond your everyday inbox, busy work and the demands of others?” We uncovered that there are huge mismatches between how you think you spend your time and how you actually spend it.

We shared how you can deal with the fear and the reality of disappointing other people and not meeting their expectations and we shared one simple strategy in 30 minutes that can help you reclaim control of your time, with our guest Laura Vanderkam. If you want to finally take control of your time, listen to our previous episode.

Now, for our interview with Daniel.

Today, we have another exciting guest back on the show, Dr. Daniel Crosby. Daniel is a psychologist and behavioral finance expert who helps organizations understand the intersection of the mind and the markets. His most recent book, The Behavioral Investor provides and expert look at the useful mix of psychology and investment science.

His work has appeared in the Huffington Post, Risk Management Magazine as well as wealthmanagement.com and Investment News.

Daniel, welcome back to the science of success.

[0:03:47.1] DC: Great to be here, thanks for having a repeat guest.

[0:03:49.8] MB: Yeah, absolutely, well we’re excited to have you back on the show, there’s some really great examples and research studies and things you pull out in the book, we thought it would be a great opportunity to not only look at a lot of these concepts and the context of the financial markets but also really expound upon them even more broadly and share these ideas with the listeners.

To begin, one of the themes, or kind of core ideas that you begin the book with is this notion that in order to understand how the capital markets work or in layman’s terms, how the stock market or the financial markets work, we have to understand human nature, tell me about that idea?

[0:04:27.6] DC: The idea is that capital markets, stock markets are human creations that are driven up and down by humans and so it’s only as we understand human behavior that we truly understand capital markets. I think a lot of novices in the stock market will say, you know, “The way that this works is I look for good companies and I buy them and then I’ll do well.”

Unfortunately, it’s not that quite easy and there’s a whole lot of irrationality, there’s a ton of psychology and human nature that’s baked into market. So that’s the thing that makes them frustrating but that’s also the thing that makes them exciting for people like me is, it’s not just accounting, right? It’s actually a canvas on which we’re painting the human struggle and that is what makes it so fascinating for me.

[0:05:11.8] MB: I think you could even go one step further and extrapolate this idea, since almost everything we do is largely a function of human interaction whether it’s business, whether it’s life, the world at large, the reality is that in order to understand almost anything, especially how the world works, we have to begin with the understanding of human behavior and the human mind.

[0:05:34.1] DC: Well, I think that’s exactly right and that’s one of the things that I love to joke about is how being a psychologist is so great because we can co-opt every other discipline effectively, right? Even when I’m watching The Super Bowl and yawning as was the case this week. Even as I’m watching The Super Bowl, all of this is just psychology, it’s all the same things we see in capital markets.

It’s human behavior, it’s momentum, it’s coming back from defeat, it’s keeping your head held high. Absolutely, almost anything you would ever encounter has human nature as sort of the bottom most hurdle. I give this example in the book of how we used to think that atoms, we have this notion of atoms early on but we used to think that they look like little solar systems basically.

We thought everything was sort of a fractal that was solar systems all the way down, everything was just sort of a little solar system within a larger system within a larger system and it’s only as we understood sort of the fundamental parts of an atom that we’re able to harness atomic power to either fuel a city or demolish a city and I say the same thing about human nature. It’s only as we understand that human beings are the thing that’s at the very bottom of this.

We can understand a handful of the tendencies to which we’re most prone that we’re able to create systems and processes to help us master markets and help us master ourselves. I think a correct understanding of human behavior’s a prerequisite as you said to almost any successful endeavor.

[0:07:14.5] MB: That’s such a great point and in many ways, really, the reason why we embark many years ago to begin and start the science of success to follow the same quest that you’ve applied within the discipline of finance but much more broadly of how do we understand the human mind and how do we look at specific instances of when our brains might malfunction or short-circuit and learn from those mistakes or those biases and how they can impact our behavior.

[0:07:42.3] DC: Well, at the risk of putting words in your mouth, you know, your podcast, your show is all about evidenced based growth and I think that’s such a powerful niche because in the sort of human progress personal development, leadership space, there’s so much voodoo and there’s so much sort of bad thinking and common sense that it’s refreshing to see someone like you doing what you're doing.

I’m trying to bring that same thing to markets and the reason that I wrote this book relatively hot on the heels of another book is because I was going to conferences and hearing all this sort off folk wisdom passed down from trading coaches and you know, different people who are trying to make help traders and hedge fund folks and asset managers make better decisions.

You know, knowing the research as I did, I knew that some of what they were saying was inconsistent with the research. I want us to be evidence based investors, just the same way that you’re about evidence based growth and I think the evidence based approach is sometimes counterintuitive, it’s almost always harder to swallow because it usually asks more of us but I think it’s ultimately more fulfilling and has more power to get you where you’re going.

[0:08:55.7] MB: Great insight and you know, one of the things I really enjoyed about your book is this idea that there’s a number of concepts, mental models, et cetera throughout the book that apply to the financial markets but obviously everybody who is listening here isn’t necessarily a trader or someone involved in that world and yet, I think there’s some really fruitful insights that we can pull out of them.

One of them just to dig a little bit deeper was one of the early ideas you talk about in the book is this idea of how humans or how the brain in general as we’ve been talking about is this thing that evolved over thousands, millions of years and yet it’s been thrown into modern society which is developed in the last couple of hundred years.

There’s all kinds of areas in places where the brain short circuits or misfires and cause us to do something that feels right and seems like it’s a good idea but ultimately is a really bad decision.

[0:09:50.6] DC: Yeah, I think one of the most important themes of the book as you said is that things that have served us well evolutionarily, often serve us poorly in capital markets. If you look at something like loss aversion, you know, our fear of dying or our fear of losing something, that served us very well over time.

There used to be 11 or 12 different humanoid species and we wiped them all out and the reason that we’re still here and they’re not is because honestly, because we were a little more cowardly than they were. We were more fearful, we were more prone to pack up and move on, we were more prone to run back in the cave and hide than they were.

Their bravery got them killed ultimately and that led us to procreate and to thrive. But the same sort of fearful mindset that kept us safe on the Savannah's of Africa keeps us all in cash through this roaring bull markets and doesn’t lead us to compound our wealth in a way that keeps up with inflation.

You know, likewise, the brain itself hasn’t had an upgrade in in over 200,000 years. When they look at the skulls of our ancient ancestors, hundreds of thousands of years ago, they can hypothesize that their brains look just like ours. We’ve got these 200 year old brains that are trying to cope with financial markets that are about 400 years old. Developed financial market’s only about 400 years old. The brain evolved to help us make quick split second decisions and the best investors have a profoundly long term mindset.

There’s a handful of ways in which the brain wants us to do one thing that’s comfortable and evolutionarily adaptive and it is exactly 180 degrees the opposite of what Wall Street demands of us to be successful.

[0:11:45.1] MB: One of those ideas that I really enjoyed and this is something that I uncovered back when I was doing a deep dive on Buffett and Monger is this idea of how we’re often wired to act and yet markets reward inaction. Tell me a little bit more about that?

[0:12:01.2] DC: Yeah, there’s some really fascinating studies on how markets reward us doing nothing, right? You think about almost every part of your life. I just got back from the gym, I’m trying to get fit like everyone else, early in the year, I’m still dedicated to my goals for the year but you know, I just got back from the gym so if I want to get stronger, I lift more weights.

If I want to get smarter, I read more books, if I want to get good at a job I spend more time on that job but when it comes to investing, we find again and again, that the less you do, the better of you are. Again, it’s the inverse of what you’d expect. There’s really great studies on this.

First of all, this has been studied in 19 different countries and in every country in which it’s been studied, the more active someone is, the more they mess with their account and check in to their account, the worse that they tend to do. There’s also a great study cited in James O’Shaughnessy book, What Works on Wall Street, where a large asset manager wanted to look at their retail accounts.

That’s like you know, your everyday mom and pop accounts. They wanted to drill down and understand, what were the behaviors of the best performing accounts in this large asset manager. They found that there were two things that these accounts had in common. The two things were that they had either forgotten that they had an account or that they had died.

You know, they go in looking for the evidence of skill and intellect and width and trading systems and what they find is you know, forgetfulness and death. We see again and again that our brains are wired to act but markets reward doing nothing.

[0:13:41.8] MB: Such a fascinating mental model and a great example of what’s completely counter intuitive. Because it’s so easy to get caught up in the fear, the need or the desire to constantly check your account to constantly pull things in and out to react to the news that’s always flashing and blaring and telling you about the latest crisis. I love the example of basically the best traders of the people who forgot that they had a trading account or the people who had died, it’s incredible.

[0:14:10.8] DC: Yeah, you’ve got research out of Taiwan that shows that one in 360 day traders are successful. Meanwhile, you’ve got the dead folks and the forgetful folks over here kicking butt. I mean, it is hard to wrap your mind around but these people who are sitting in front of four screens with every chart in the world on them are getting outperformed by people who are just going about their lives. But yet the research is unequivocal. It’s very strong at this point.

[0:14:38.2] MB: You know, another one of the examples you had was this idea of how success begets failure. How we can – how success can cause the becomes sloppy and undisciplined. Tell me a little bit more about that?

[0:14:51.8] DC: Yeah, there’s interesting reasons, psychological and physiological. In the book, I talk about – tried to take a deeper dive on the sociology, the physiology of some of these concepts. On the physiological reason why success begets failure. It has to do with the rush of testosterone. We find in the animal kingdom that animals, say rams who are fighting for lady rams or wait, I guess they’re sheep.

Anyway. Rams who are fighting for partners, right? They’re butting heads, they’re combatting one another, when they win, they’re flooded with testosterone and so they take on a bigger run, they’re feeling good, they’re feeling powerful, they take on another ram, beat that one , flooded with more testosterone.

At some point, this rush of testosterone, kind of goes to their head and they lose their critical thinking and decision making skills and they’ll bite off more than they could chew, they’ll take on an opponent that they have no business taking on because of this rush of testosterone.

We see that, John coached, the author of The Hour Between Dog and Wolf which is another excellent book. He studied this and people who were traders on the floor of the stock exchanges in New York and London. He found that successful traders have this extreme rush of adrenaline and testosterone when they were on a tear.

This caused them to become strangers to their rules, to let go of the risk management protocols, to take bigger and bigger risks just like a ram who is fighting for his lady. They took bigger and bigger risk that ultimately tended to end in their undoing and so you know, a big theme of the book is all around mental models, systems processes and following these plans rather than discretionary decision making, sort of you know, seat of your pants decision making.

Because very real sense. As you win, you become more convinced of your skill and you start to let go of what you know to be true, you start to let go of your rules.

[0:16:58.2] MB: You had a great, very simple heuristic for explaining this in the book which is this idea that bad design lead to bad decisions and lead to bad outcomes.

[0:17:08.3] DC: yYah, absolutely. Getting that design right is all important and one of the things that we have to be careful to do is to create a system that you can’t override because you know, in my personal life, I’m a rules based systematic decision maker with my investments but I tell you, there are times when I want to override those rules, there’s times when those rules look crazy to me and I’ll tell you, one of the most immediate example that comes to mind is when Trump won the election.

Love him or hate him, most people thought that this was going to bring a lot of uncertainty into the markets and people no less auspicious than Paul Krugman, a Nobel Prize winning economist for saying this is the end of the US market as we know it. Yet, all of my rules, all of my systems were saying no, stay the course, you know, all my signals were staying, keep doing what you’re doing and I was able to do that but man, everything in me was scared, you know?

Everything in me was scared that the market was going to crash and that hasn’t been the case, it’s been far from the case. It’s just one, I mean, you know, I think investors who have been at this a while can cite a hundred instances of where the design was telling you one thing and in your head was telling you another thing and you had to stick with those rules. There’s a great guy with the best audited track record, investment track record of all time.

A guy named Jim Simons who is an award winning mathematician and hedge fund “gillionaire”. He says we set great rules and we follow them slavishly and that’s something that I tried to live buy and in my investing life and in my personal life. There’s just things you need to do every day. Spend 30 minutes on self-development and reading something that’s going to feed your mind and your spirit, you know?

An hour at the gym, do whatever. There are going to be days when that doesn’t seem like the thing to do but I can promise you, if you can stick with it, over time, you’ll come out ahead.

[0:19:04.3] MB: The piece of that that’s sort of unsaid is this idea that it’s really important to spend a lot of time and energy on the front end, investing in building those rules, in building those decision criteria and creating the effective designs that you then put in place.

So many people get caught up in the reactivity of everyday life and never set aside a half a day or a few hours to really think through and do some homework and some research and say, what should these rules be and how should I set them up?

All the work is the hard part of sitting down on the front end and actually creating the system. After you’ve done that, it’s much easier to follow it.

[0:19:47.7] DC: I mentioned something in the book that I’ve not gotten any takers on but I say that asset managers should work four days a year, they should have access to their models and make tweaks perhaps quarterly or less and that they should spend the rest of their time reading.

Basically reading and contemplating and considering opinions that diverge from their own and you know, nobody’s taking me up on that but we have this idea that people need to be hammering away at a problem at all times of the night and day. We left very little time in modern life in this sort of cult of business that we’ve created for contemplation, for reflection, for creating mental models like you talked about that will do all of the work for us going forward.

If you can get it right that first time, you’re going to be so well served by just simply following that playbook and yet most of us I think in the corporate world are so trapped in the business of putting out every little fire that we don’t have time to be contemplative and I think that that’s a real dramatically to the detriment of people’s wellbeing and even to the detriment of the companies that we work for. I’m 100% on board with what you’re talking about.

[0:21:05.2] MB: How do people start to proactively create a time, the space, to build these better designs and create better decision criteria?

[0:21:16.3] DC: Well, I think the first thing we have to do is be honest with ourselves about how we spend our time. One of the most consistent findings in psychology is that people just miss apprehend and misreport their own behavior. If you ask people what their average workweek looks like and then you observe their average workweek. Most people say they work way more than they do.

Most people say they have much less free time than they actually do. If you ask people about stuff like you know, their TV consumption and stuff, they’re going to tend to report that – under report that by about 50%. I think the first thing we have to understand is, you’ve got time for the things that you value, we have to stop making excuses about how busy we are because most of us, you know, unless you’re working three jobs to just get by.

Most of us have more time than we give ourselves credit for, we as a civilization have more free time, more discretionary time than anyone has ever had in human history. A recent study I found showed that the free time that we have gained has been replaced minute for minute with watching TV. We have an inordinately increased amount of time relative to people who lived 50 and especially a hundred years ago and what have we done with that extra time?

Well, we stare at our phones and we watch Netflix. I think the very first thing you have to do is take ownership of your time to take ownership of how busy you are or not, and then allocate that time to stuff that has long term impact and not try and snow yourself as to how busy you really are.

[0:22:57.7] MB: I had a listener email me this week with a very similar story, how he used to feel trapped, how he used to feel like he never had any time, he was constantly putting out fires and after listening to a couple of different episodes of the podcast.

He had this breakthrough and realized that he was spending hours a day on things like Facebook and Instagram and all this stuff and completely shifted the way he was allocating his time and realized that he had tons and tons of free time that he could spend on all kinds of things and start to really focus on improving and developing himself and it’s amazing what – it’s almost like once you get a little wedge in there and crack open a little bit of that contemplative time, it really starts to compound on itself and create more and more time and more ability to focus.

[0:23:42.2] DC: Well that’s right, you know, I consider myself probably like most people, a good steward of time, I consider myself a reasonably productive person but then I got the new iPhone and it gives you a second by second reporting of how much time you’re spending on your phone and it’s shocking to me. You know, I get that report every week and I just think about the opportunity cost of the hours and hours.

I spend, staring at my phone or scrolling through Twitter or on angry birds or whatever. It’s like you know, I can be doing a lot of good in the world in the time that I spend, you know, the time that I waste on here. I think when you have a really candid look at yourself, you’ll see that you have more opportunity than you think.

[0:24:28.0] MB: I’m going to jump around a little bit because there is a number of different things I want to talk about from the book. One of the other interesting themes that you had was this idea of the physical side of dealing with stress and dealing with risk. Tell me a little bit more about that.

[0:24:46.0] DC: I think most people think about stress as almost entirely a psychological phenomenon and that’s partially true but there’s so much more we could be doing from a physiological standpoint. I have not always worked in finance, I was for a time and a season, a clinical psychologist and that’s what my PHD is in.

One of the things that I found very consistently is that people would present to me with things like sort of garden variety anxiety. It would come in and talk about how they’re being anxious, they were having panic attacks, things like this and I would always start with things like diet, exercise and nutrition and often, what I found is people were filling their bodies with insane amounts of you know, caffeine, they were sleeping poorly, they were not exercising, they were not surrounding themselves with the people that cared about them.

I would say, look, before we do anything else, you can get so much mileage with just having two cups of coffee a day and going on a 30 minute walks and nobody wants to hear that. Nobody – everybody wants the magic pupil, everybody wants you to speak the magic words into existence that are going to help them feel better but the mind and the body work in a reciprocal fashion and feed off of one another.

Yes, part of stress is mental and part of it is physical and it’s such an under appreciated way of managing stress is to watch what you eat, to manage your sugar intake, to decrease your consumption of caffeine and to get regular exercise. If everyone was doing these things, we would see a fraction of the cases of stress induced disorders that we do now.

There’s also interesting, one of probably my favorite study in the whole book talks about people’s willingness to take risk who had to pee. They found that people who had had a lot to drink and had to use the restroom were actually able to manage risk better than people who did not need to use the restroom.

They called it inhibitory spill over, basically, you were already inhibiting yourself, you’re already holding it, you’re already holding back and this tendency to hold back physically, generalized to a tendency to hold back psychologically and when taking financial risks. I think we are just beginning to scratch the surface of the inner play between the mind and the body and you know, I was happy to discover that the secret to being a great investor was just always needing to pee.

[0:27:25.4] MB: That’s a great example and it’s so fascinating. You know, the more I study performance and achievement, I see the same pattern again and again which is that success is not about finding a magic bullet, there are no magic bullets, it’s just about mastering the fundamentals and mastering the basics.

[0:27:45.0] DC: That’s exactly right.

[0:27:48.2] MB: You also shared in the book, when dealing with stress, a great model called the rain model, I’d love to hear more about that?

[0:27:58.4] DC: Yeah, the rain model, I think I cited two different places in the book and really, it is very intuitive and it just talks about recognizing, accepting, investigating and non-identification. So recognizing first like, “Okay, I am stressed” right? And then beyond that accepting it. You know a lot of jumped straight to judgment. We’re so programmed to jump straight into judgment and this judgment that psychologist that’s referred to as catastrophizing sets us down a negative spiral.

You know go, “Oh you know I am stressed. Oh great, here we go again, I am freaking out. This is going to be terrible. I am not going to be able to go to work, no one is going to love me.” And we go down this downward spiral that just gets worse and worse. So first we have to recognize it and then we have to accept it. We just say, “Okay it is what it is,” this scary eastern philosophy sort of meditative practice of saying, “Look, okay I am stressed. It is not good or bad, it just is.”

Then we investigate the sources of that stress and see if there is anything we can do about it right? We say, oh you know maybe I am stressed because of this. Maybe I am stressed because there is something unspoken between me and my partner and I should go have a conversation with them. You know maybe I am stressed because I am sitting at this desk all day and I need to go stand up and stretch and get a drink or take a walk, whatever it is you investigate it.

And then I think the coolest part of it is this non-identification piece because I think so many times we conflate our emotional reality in a moment with our self-worth. We think, “You know I am anxious therefore I am intrinsically a basket case,” and that is not the case. You know emotional states are of necessity fleeting and so this doesn’t define you. You know you’re not defined by your anxiety. You are not defined by your depression, whatever emotion it is that you’re feeling.

And so this is a really powerful model that I talk about in two different places in the book and try to give references so people can dig a little deeper if they are interested.

[0:30:10.3] MB: I have been getting compliments left and right on the stylish new belt that I have been rocking that I got from our incredible sponsors this week, Bespoke Post. You could get the buckled box and be like me along with all kinds of other awesome goodies by visiting boxofawesome.com. When you get started by visiting boxofawesome.com, you’ll answer a few short questions that will help you get a feel for the boxes that are going to go best with your style.

Whether you’re in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, or jet-setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time. Every box goes for under $50, but has more than $70 worth of unique gear waiting inside it for you. The first of each month you'll receive an e-mail with your box details. You have five days to change colors, change the sizes, add extra goodies or if you are not feeling it, just skip that month.

From barrel-aging kits to limited edition cigars, weekender bags and classy Dopp kits, awesome belts and much more, Bespoke Post offers essential goods and guidance for the modern man. To receive 20% off of your first subscription box, go to boxofawesome.com and enter the code “success” at checkout. That's boxofawesome.com code “success” for 20% off your first box. Bespoke Post, themed boxes for guys that give a damn.

[0:31:40.2] MB: What would be a specific practice or application to apply the R.A.I.N model for somebody who is listening who’s currently dealing with a really stressful situation?

[0:31:51.0] DC: So the R.A.I.N model is really about – it is really a lot like cognitive behavioral therapy. So it is really about recognizing and challenging beliefs which is really all about what CBT is about. So we’ve got an activating event so whatever it is that’s upsetting you and you can say in that moment, “I’m going to choose to respond to this differently.” We’re not going to say the activating made me do something. It is taking this power back.

So this could be anything from a disappointment at work, a personal failure, a heated argument with a loved one. It could be a 100 things, any kind of activating event that puts you in a funk, you can say, “I can choose to be different. I can choose to approach this differently and I don’t have to feel or act any certain way as a consequence of what’s just happened.” You know this is basically the fundamental thinking of I think the greatest call it a self-help book that was ever written.

Man’s search for meaning is this reality that we are more than what happens to us and that in any place and at any time, we can choose our response to a stimulus and I think it is a powerful way to move through the world that takes back ownership of your choices and your emotions and says, “I am not a victim of my circumstances.” So yeah, there is all kinds of places I think you could apply this.

[0:33:18.4] MB: Tell me about – another part of the book you dig into this idea of self-esteem science and how I think the phrase you use is you call it junk science. There’s so many people that have been impacted by this. I want to hear a little bit about what your thoughts are on it.

[0:33:36.9] DC: Yeah, so I am 39. I’ll be 40 late this year and so I grew up very much in this gold star generation when the research on self-esteem was right at the forefront of our best thinking psychologically and we thought that the way to get people to make better choices, to live our lives was to just tell them that they were great but you know effectively to shower them with praise and I see this in a way that I was raised by my parents.

I see this in the way that I was taught at school, sort of everyone gets a trophy, everyone gets a gold star and I am forgetting the exact number. I believe it was 15,000 different studies that were examined in a meta-analysis. So that’s just a study of all the studies on self-esteem and what they found first of all that most of the research was just junk science. Most of it was just pop psychology and then of the non-junk science, most of them showed that self-esteem didn’t predict anything.

It didn’t predict how well people would do in school. It didn’t predict whether or not someone would live a life of crime. It didn’t predict anything much and they found that basically, people have a strong BS meter. People know when they are being complimented for nothing and people know when they are being complimented for having genuinely achieved something and so effectively what they found in the self-esteem research is there is no substitute for taking risks.

Doing hard things and sort of sinking or swimming on your own merits because the only way that your self-esteem is truly built is by doing hard stuff like taking risk, doing hard stuff and then yes, being complimented, being recognized but recognizing people for getting 7th place and you know, knowing that they still got a ribbon, they know they got 7th place. It doesn’t work and this is an invitation to be cruel or to be dismissive of people who aren’t on the metal stand of course.

But what it is, is I think again, a mental model for life. Say, “You know the only way that I am going to really feel good about myself is taking risks, putting myself out there, putting in the hours, doing the work and then hoping the rewards come.” There is just no shortcut to feeling good about yourself.

[0:36:01.4] MB: And this ties into what we were talking about earlier, how the brain is hardwired to have things like loss aversion and the social risks of taking these things whether it’s starting a business, whether it is quitting your job, all of these different things seem really, really interesting and really, really risky. It might be something as simple as making a sales call because of our evolutionary programming and yet the reality is that it’s not life or death. It is not as scary and dangerous as it often seems but our mind is malfunctioning essentially.

[0:36:33.2] DC: Yeah, that is exactly right and I can’t – I mean it is my own quote. I can’t quote it right now but there is a paragraph in the book where I essentially say, “The biggest risk is not taking any risks.” You know the biggest risk is not that you start a business and you know it fails which frankly will likely happen if you start a business, that’s what happens to most small businesses is they fail but the bigger risk is still just spending 40 years in a job you hate.

You know I came across clients all the time who were not dating, not loving, not putting themselves out there because they were scared of getting hurt and in the process of not trying to get hurt, they were hurting themselves. So a lot of times because of the way that we’re wired and because we are so risk averse and we’re so loss averse, in our best efforts to protect ourselves from harm we bring about the reality of the very harm that we are trying to avoid.

And that is such a powerful concept to internalize to say, “Look am I truly protecting myself or am I bringing about the absolute 100% realization of the very thing I am scared about?” Because I think that is often the case.

[0:37:43.4] MB: I think the way you describe it in the book was the quest for certainty and how dangerous it can be.

[0:37:49.6] DC: Yeah absolutely. I think there’s a place where I talk in the book about this quest for certainty and I sight research that shows that human kind is more comforted by a negative certainty than a potentially positive uncertainty. So I specifically give the example of adult children of alcoholics. You know I talk about some of the damage that is done by alcoholism which is the leading cause of child abuse and one of the leading causes of death.

That is drunk driving in the US, I say “Look alcoholism does all this harm and yet a slight majority of adult children of alcoholics go on to marry alcoholics.” Now you would think rationally that children of alcoholics knowing the pain brought on by substance abuse would run a hundred miles away when they began to date someone with a drinking problem and yet they tend to marry people with drinking problems because the devil that you know is less psychologically intrusive than the devil that you don’t know.

So that’s again, something that we have to investing and in life just own that there is an uncertainty. There is uncertainty, it is part of the game and we have to embrace it because the only other alternative is to just always be settling for the lowest common denominator and this thing that we are familiar with.

[0:39:15.4] MB: You make another really good point and this is something that I think about a lot and I also bring it to conversations a lot which is this idea that life is uncertain. People always want a sure thing. They are always trying to make sure that they are making the perfect decision. They are making the right choice that whatever life choice they’re making at this particular threshold is something that has to be absolutely perfect.

And the reality is, you could walk across the street in 10 minutes and get killed that life is completely uncertain. We just don’t know and the great part about investing as a skillset and one of the other tools that taught me about this which is poker is that you start to realize that you can do everything right and things don’t necessarily work out and the flip side is you could do everything wrong and sometimes it still works out too but either way, the world is an uncertain place.

And you have to be able to operate and think and make decisions in the context of uncertainty to do anything and to be happy and to achieve any real results in the world.

[0:40:16.8] DC: Yeah that is exactly right and I think once you own that the world is uncertain and I think that death is one of the things that makes it so absolutely uncertain just like you said, once you own that the world is uncertain, once you have mourned the loss of that uncertainty or that justness or the fairness of the world because there is none to be had unfortunately, I think the best you can do is control the controllable.

You want to tilt probability in your favor at every turn so yes, you might get hit by a drunk driver one day but you should never drive drunk, right? You can tilt the probability in your favor with investing too, right? You could do these things, you could invest in a way that is low turnover, low cost, many of the things that I talk about in the book but yeah, even in spite of this there are going to be times where doing the right thing is going to feel awfully bad.

And in fact in investing sometimes your neighbor gets rich for doing the wrong thing. You know your neighbor could throw all of her money and pot stocks and make a fortune owning one single pot stock and you have your diversified portfolio that is doing quite as well. Well, you still did the right thing and so taking this process, trusting the process, taking this process based approach to living and to investing is I think an important way to think about it.

Controlling everything that is controllable and realizing that there is much that is out of your control and this is sort of the best you can do.

[0:41:48.0] MB: That makes me think of even the broader category we’re talking about earlier, the idea of evidence based growth itself is rooted in the same mental model or the same framework, right? In an uncertain world, we have to have process, we have to have evidence, we have to have something to use as a framework to understand reality. You know people say, “Oh well you can have an evidence based approach but scientific studies and psychology studies are proven wrong all the time. So I am just going to go with whatever my gut tells me is right.”

But the reality is, you have to look at which models have the most predictive power, which models are the most effective just because a certain model is wrong some of the time because nothing is certain, doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s still not the right model and the right process to be using and you really have to do a lot of the hard work of thinking on the front end and understanding which models are you going to invest your time and energy and which processes are you going to follow and execute on.

[0:42:44.1] DC: Yeah, it’s interesting. I talk a little bit about choosing a good model in the book and I think we are not helpless there. There are some things we can look to, to determine whether or not a model is replicable or whether or not it’s one to build your life around and so the first thing is we want evidence in the data, right? We want just like your podcast is all about, we want to be evidence based. We want the data to support what we are doing.

But the second thing is we need to be philosophers too. We need to see that this makes some philosophical sense that there is some common sense to it. In the world of investing there is a couple of funny indicators. We that overtime the S&P 500 moves in the S&P 500 have been correlated with the production of butter in Bangladesh at about 96%. Now would you want to invest with someone who is going to buy and sell based on Bangladeshi butter production?

Well no because it is stupid like you know philosophically it makes no sense even though that the data are there. So I think if you look for models for living that are both data driven and have an element of intuition to them, they feel right philosophically or from the common sense standpoint, I think you won’t be led astray much.

[0:44:04.6] MB: You know that reminds me of another topic you talk about in the book which is this idea of looking for truth in the wrong places and in many ways that’s another example of one of these cognitive biases or mental models of how our brain’s misfire but it also shows that we can easily get deceived about what kinds of data and information and evidence we should be supporting.

[0:44:28.3] DC: Yeah, so one of the things that I talk about in the book is the power of story and story can be used like most psychological concepts to our benefit or toward detriment but I sight a research out of Princeton that looks at people who are listening to stories, you know two people who are hooked up to an FMRI that is measuring their brain activity. So if you and I are sitting across from each other having a conversation about nothing in particular, our brain activity doesn’t look all that similar.

But the minute that you started to tell me a story, our brains become actively synced and so the power of story is very alluring. So this is one way that we can be misled or look for truth in all the wrong places is through a seductive story. So I would tell people to be on guard against anyone that is trying to sell something via a story. It isn’t necessarily bad but just know that you’re susceptible at this point. The other thing I think people like to be told is that that things will be easy.

This is another way that we look for truth in all the wrong places is that we want things to be easy and you see this I think at financial services more than anywhere else. It is like if something seems to be good to be true than it probably is. You know the truth about personal progress and investment success is that they both require an element of sacrifice, of discipline and hard work and any formula that doesn’t include those ingredients I think is one that is set up to fail and it is likely profiting someone at your expense.

[0:46:02.3] MB: You also shared a really interesting example of the idea of the backfire effect and how sometimes information that we don’t want to hear or disagree with can have really interesting consequences.

[0:46:15.7] DC: Yeah, so the backfire effect is pretty incredible. I think the example I gave in the book is of parents who are failing to vaccinate their children. So there’s all these parents I think especially in Southern California or other affluent parts of the country who have stopped vaccinating their kids because they fear that it contributes to autism spectrum disorders and so as a result, you are seeing diseases in this country that you have never seen in a hundred years.

You’re seeing measles outbreaks in Orange County and things like this that are just wild and are totally unnecessary and so the science of course contradicts this and says that you should vaccinate your children but what happens is when people are given a strong message when their beliefs are strongly rebuffed with facts and then they survey these people and the strength of their belief after the fact, they find that in many cases they have doubled down on their beliefs.

And so I think we have to be careful and this is why I quit Facebook a couple of years ago because you are watching this people argue about politics or religion or whatever it is screaming at each other sighting facts and understanding that nobody’s minds are getting changed that way. You know people are really, really recalcitrant to front and center attacks under deeply held beliefs. I think the way that you change someone’s mind is through relationships.

Through contact and through bringing people into exposure with different ways of being and different ways of thinking. So I think the best among us, the most growth minded among us will actively seek out opportunities to expose ourselves to new ideas and new people and new context because that is how you grow but we are very, very resistant to fact only attacks on our beliefs. They just don’t work very much.

[0:48:12.5] MB: It’s a fascinating piece of research and so interesting. So tell me a little bit more about the strategy that you’ve seen or recommend for influencing people without a direct frontal assault using facts and data.

[0:48:29.3] DC: So I think the best thing you can do is bring people into contact with people who don’t share their world view and so it is easy to hate or stigmatize or vilify an idea. You know whether you are for abortion or against abortion, whether you are left or right leaning in your politics, it is easy for us to put labels on the people that espouse these beliefs and from a distance, snip it then and attack them and we saw in the last election.

This is so disheartening to me but we saw that over 60% of people who voted for Trump didn’t know anyone who is voting for Clinton and vice-versa. So whoever your preferred candidate was, most people said they did not have a single friend who was voting for their non-preferred candidate. So we have really quarantined ourselves geographically, religiously, politically, even the news media makes it possible for us to sort of self-select into our biases and our ways in a way that wasn’t applicable 50 years ago.

Everybody had a more or less interest nightly news program. Now you’ve got every flavor of news that you want and people just tend to select the one that is most consistent with their own predispositions and biases. So I don’t think there is any substitute for just meeting people who don’t share your beliefs and understanding that they are good people too. They arrive at these positions for reasons that are probably larger they mirror the reasons that you arrive at your differing positions.

They are trying the best they can. They love their families too, they are good people too and so I think that that’s how minds gets change. As people with different world views work shoulder to shoulder and we can see that we are not the demons we made each other out to be, I think that is how ideas change and I think I hope the listeners to your program will be proactive about seeking out both opinions and especially people that they wouldn’t normally because I think that’s the most powerful way to bring about change.

[0:50:41.7] MB: So for listeners who have listened to this conversation and want to concretely implement some of the themes and ideas that we’ve talked about today, what would be one action item or piece of homework that you would give them to start executing on some of these things?

[0:50:58.9] DC: So I would suggest consistent with that last point, I would suggest that you would go somewhere that makes you uncomfortable. You know whether it be to a different religion’s religious service, whether it be to a political rally of your non-preferred political stripes, whatever it is even something as small as watching your non-preferred news channel for 30 minutes to an hour tonight instead of tuning into your favorite strand of biased news that would be my number one recommendation.

Because the danger with reading a book like mine, I always get a little bit frustrated when people read something like The Behavioral Investor and they write to me and they go, “Oh wow, you know I read the part about egotism or emotionality and that was totally my neighbor,” or that is totally my wife and you know I have to write back and go, “You know the reason I wrote this is so that you could be self-critical.” The reason I wrote this is so you could turn that bright light of introspection back on yourself.

And so I think we have to seek first to get our own house in order and I think a way to do that is both by reading a book like this, which I hope will challenge your assumptions but even more than that, exposing yourself to new situations and just being cognizant of your responses.

[0:52:18.2] MB: And for listeners who want to find the book, find you, find your work online, what is the best place for them to do that?

[0:52:24.0] DC: Yeah, so the book is The Behavioral Investor. It’s available on Amazon and anywhere else you buy books. I am very active on LinkedIn, Daniel Crosby PHD and on Twitter @danielcrosby and I also have my own podcast called Standard Deviations. So any of those will be just great.

[0:52:40.2] MB: Well Daniel, thank you so much for coming back on the show, for sharing all these wisdom and digging into these topics. Some really, really interesting insights.

[0:52:48.4] DC: Thank you for sharing your platform.

[0:52:50.8] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you, our listeners master evidence based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story or just say hi, shoot me an email. My email is matt@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener email.

I’m going to give you three reasons why you sign up for our email list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page. There’s some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the email list so be sure to sign up including an exclusive curated weekly email from us called “Mindset Monday” which is short simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence based growth in the last week.

Next, you get an exclusive chance to shape the show including on voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide based on listener demand. Our most popular guide which is called “How to organize and remember everything” you can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the email list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage or if you are on the go just text the word “smarter” to the number 44222.

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you’ve enjoyed this episode, please, leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success.

Don’t forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talk about on the show, links, transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get them at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. Thanks again and we’ll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.

March 21, 2019 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity, Money & Finance
Laura Vanderkam-01.png

Reclaim Your Time & Take Back Control Of Your Life in 30 Minutes with Laura Vanderkam

March 14, 2019 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we ask - how do you make decisions that let you see beyond your every day inbox, busy work, and demands of others? We uncover that there are huge mismatches between how you think you spend your time and how you actually spend it. We share you can deal with the fear, and the reality, of disappointing other people and not meeting their expectations and we share one simple strategy - in 30 minutes - that can help you reclaim control of your time with our guest Laura Vanderkam. 

Laura Vanderkam is the author of several time management and productivity books. Her TED talk titled “How To Gain Control of Your Free Time” has been viewed over 5 million times and she is the co-host of the podcast Best of Both Worlds. Her work has appeared in publications including the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, Fast Company, and Fortune.

Her latest book, Juliet’s School of Possibilities: A Little Story About The Power of Priorities, is available now!

  • While people are happy to get information, they remember it much better when its in the form of stories

  • You should make time in your life for what’s important. 

  • Time is a choice, you’re ALWAYS choosing how you spend your time. 

  • Expectations on your time are infinite.

  • You’re always disappointing someone. 

  • You HAVE to choose how to spend your time, whether you want to or not

  • What people often miss, especially when you try to be everything to everyone,  there are tradeoffs and opportunity costs to EVERYTHING - even if you don’t see it 

  • The opportunity costs are often the hardest to see, and yet most important, things that we miss 

  • Saying yes to something is, by definition, saying no to something else. Every choice to do one thing is is, by definition, a choice to NOT do something else. 

  • Have you ever binged an entire book or TV series in a short amount of time? That’s proof that you have more time than you think, you’re just not spending it how you necessarily want to. 

  • Pay attention to where your time goes.

  • How do you make decisions that let you see beyond your every day inbox, busy work, and demands of others?

  • If you picture yourself as very happy in the next 5-10 years - you’re receiving an award or someone is giving a speech about the amazing things you’ve done - what would that person talk about? What accomplishments would they share about you?

  • Envision your ideal future, and start to bring those things into your life. 

  • Your priorities should inform your scheduling choices. It’s that simple. And yet so few people do it. 

  • You must consciously choose to invest time in the things that matter to you. If you don’t your time will be TAKEN AWAY FROM YOU, by someone else’s priorities. 

  • It’s not a priority just because someone else thinks is it important or because society at large thinks it’s important. 

  • Time is a choice. 

  • This doesn’t have to be huge chunks of time, even an hour or two a week can be transformational.

  • Challenge yourself to find 30 mins a day, or 3.5hrs a week - of extra time per week. Anyone can achieve this. 

  • This can apply to both your PERSONAL life and to your professional life - too often we neglect one or the other or think time management only 

  • Is the bigger challenge to figure out your own priorities or just to make time for them?

  • What questions or activities can you do to figure out what’s most important to you and where you SHOULD spend your time?

  • Ask yourself- how can I spend more time in my current life on the things that I value, care about, and want to spend time doing? 

  • Schedule it in your calendar

    1. Create accountability 

  • How do you deal with the fear, and the reality, of disappointing other people and not meeting their expectations?

  • You can’t go through life without disappointing anyone.

  • Having a goal of never disappointing anyone is not a good goal. 

  • What were you thinking about on today’s date, two years ago?

  • Likewise, whatever is keeping you up now probably won’t matter in two years

  • Trying to manage your time without measuring it is like losing weight without paying attention to your diet and exercise habits. 

  • There are HUGE mismatches between how you THINK you spend your time, and how you actually spend it. 

  • By doing a time audit you start to realize huge opportunities in your schedule and where you are spending your time.

  • Often times the small chunks of time here and there start to add up - and don’t register on how you’re spending your time. 

  • Homework: Time tracking is the best starting point. Write down what you’ve done over the previous 24 hours. Try that out for a week. 

  • Many things in life can’t be measured, but time is one thing that CAN. 

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybuttonsmall.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

This week’s Mindset Monday is brought to you by Bespoke Post and their monthly Box Of Awesome! The team at Bespoke Post are always out scouting for quality and unique products to send people just like you each month! Whether you’re in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, or jet-setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time.

For a limited time, you can get your first Box of Awesome for 20% off by entering the code SUCCESS at checkout! Each box costs under $50 but has over $70 work of unique gear waiting inside!

This week we’re loving the Agenda Box! You can tell a lot about someone based on their workspace. It doesn't matter if you work in a cubicle or a corner office as long as your desk looks sharp, you're ready to take on anything!

content_Agenda_Box.png

From barrel-aging kits to limited edition cigars, weekender bags, jackets to classy Dopp Kits, Bespoke Post offers the essential goods and guidance for the modern man. Don’t want a box that month, no problem. Opt out on months you

We’ve been customers for years and love getting our box each month, you will too!

Want To Dig In More?! - Here’s The Show Notes, Links, & Research

General

  • Laura’s Website: Laura Vanderkam

  • Laura’s podcast: “Best of Both Worlds”

Media

  • Fast Company - “13 hidden pockets of daily free time you didn’t know you had (and how to make the most of them)” by Laura Vanderkam

  • Medium - “The Case for Keeping Your Goals to Yourself’ by Laura Vanderkam

  • Author Directory for Business Insider, HuffPost, and Fortune

    • There's a reason you should plan to exercise in the morning instead of at night, according to execs and CEOs by Laura Vanderkam

  • [Podcast] Afford Anything - #147: HOW TO BELIEVE YOUR TIME IS ABUNDANT, WITH LAURA VANDERKAM

  • [Podcast] The Productive Woman - Being Intentional with Time, with Laura Vanderkam – TPW217

  • [Podcast] Pivot - 119: Off the Clock—Finding Time Freedom with Laura Vanderkam

  • [Podcast] Financial Grownup - HOW TO BUY FREE TIME WITH "OFF THE CLOCK" AUTHOR LAURA VANDERKAM (ENCORE)

Videos

  • Juliet's School of Possibilities | A Book by Laura Vanderkam

  • Bestbookbits - Laura Vanderkam: What the Most Successful People Do Before Breakfast Book Summary

  • CNBC Make IT - A time-management expert shares the simple daily habit that will make you more productive

  • 168 Hours (By Laura Vanderkam) Book Summary From Lifehack Bootcamp

Books

  • Juliet's School of Possibilities: A Little Story About the Power of Priorities  by Laura Vanderkam

  • Savoring by Fred B. Bryant and Joseph Veroff

  • Off the Clock: Feel Less Busy While Getting More Done by Laura Vanderkam

  • 168 Hours: You Have More Time Than You Think by Laura Vanderkam

  • What the Most Successful People Do Before Breakfast: And Two Other Short Guides to Achieving More at Work and at Home by Laura Vanderkam

Misc

  • [SoS Episode] Everything You Know About Sleep Is Wrong with Dr. Matthew Walker

  • [SoS Episode] The Secret That Silicon Valley Giants Don’t Want You To Know with Dr. Adam Alter

  • [SoS Episode] Essentialism - Get the Mental Clarity to Pursue What Actually Matters with Greg McKeown

  • [App] Moment

Episode Transcript

[00:00:04.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than three million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we ask how do you make decisions that let you see beyond your everyday inbox, busy work and the demand of others? We uncover that there are huge mismatches between how you think you spend your time and how you actually spend it. We share how you can deal with the fear and the reality of disappointing other people and not meeting their expectations. We share one simple strategy in 30 minutes that can help you reclaim control of your time with our guest, Laura Vanderkam.

I’m going to tell you why you’ve been missing out on some incredibly cool stuff if you haven’t signed up for our e-mail list yet. All you have to do to sign up is to go to successpodcasts.com and sign up right on the home page.

On top of tons subscriber-only content, exclusive access and live Q&As with previous guests, monthly giveaways and much more. I also created an epic free video course just for you. It's called How to Create Time for What Matters Most Even When You're Really Busy. E-mail subscribers have been raving about this guide.

You can get all of that and much more by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page, or by texting the word smarter to the number 44-222 on your phone. If you like what I do on Science of Success, my e-mail list is the number one way to engage with me and go deeper on what I discuss on the show, including free guides, actionable takeaways, exclusive content and much, much more.

Sign up for my e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page, or if you're on the go, if you're on your phone right now, it's even easier. Just text the word “smarter”, that's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222. I can't wait to show you all the exciting things you'll get when you sign up and join the e-mail list.

In our previous episode, we discussed how you can understand the world with powerful clarity, what makes other people behave in certain ways, what are the most important concepts and ideas in the business world? Do you often feel you're looking for a magic bullet or a paint-by-numbers approach to solving your problems? The solution to all of these questions lies in a powerful framework that we explain in depth and showed you how to apply with our previous guest, Josh Kaufman. If you want to learn an epic mental framework that could literally change your life, listen to that episode.

Now for our interview with Laura.

[0:03:16.9] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest back on the show. We are welcoming back Laura Vanderkam. Laura's show with us got great reviews and we're excited to have her back to discuss more of her wisdom and her newest book, Juliet's School of Possibilities. She's the author of several time management and productivity books and her TED talk titled How to Gain Control of Your Free Time has been viewed more than five million times.

She's also the co-host of the Best of Both Worlds Podcast and her work has appeared in publications ranging from the New York Times, to The Wall Street Journal and much more. Laura, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:53.5] LV: Thank you so much for having me back.

[0:03:55.8] MB: Well, we're really excited to have you back on the show. I'm a huge fan of the themes and ideas that we covered in the previous episode, which I’ll obviously throw in the show notes for listeners who want to go and check that out as well. There's just so many important things and ideas that you share. I think we have a shared perspective on priorities, or time management, or whatever you want to call it. Time management is a problematic term. Before we get into that, I'm curious what inspired you to write this more narrative-driven book as opposed to a traditional nonfiction book?

[0:04:32.8] LV: Well, I'm always trying to do new things. I figure if people just want my take on time management, there's other books they can buy. They can read the old ones. If I want people to keep coming along with me for new books, I need to give them something different. As a writer and as a speaker, I've learned over the years that while people are happy to get information, they remember it much better when it comes in the form of a story. People just love stories. We know this, right? It's our favorite speeches, our favorite people we want to talk to at parties are those who have a good story.

I wondered well, can I turn what I've learned about time management into a story? Fortunately, my publisher is the same publisher who's done a number of other parables in the past. They're familiar with the concept and they were very excited to do something that was just a little bit different.

[0:05:23.5] MB: I agree. I think sometimes when you approach something from the perspective of a parable, it breaks through or sticks in a way that often just reading a rote list of do this and do this and here's why, it penetrates more when it comes in the form of a narrative story in many cases.

[0:05:42.6] LV: It definitely does, because I mean, we sympathize with other human beings and what they're going through and we can see ourselves in these characters. When they're facing a dilemma, we can understand and we can have opinions about what they should do. I can tell people and I have been telling people for years, well you should make time in your life for what's important. Then you're always choosing how you spend your time. Time is a choice, and so you want to make sure that you are choosing well.

There's a certain number of people that I think will find it more memorable, or easier to grasp when they hear the story of somebody whose life is falling apart, because she can't make good choices about how to spend her time and how she learns to do that and a moment of reckoning. I enjoy writing fiction. It's something I've done on the side for years. I'm excited to combine those two different writing loves about productivity and also the sideline of fiction into one book.

[0:06:38.6] MB: I think many people in the modern world to some degree or another, have that same feeling, or fear, or experience of their lives falling apart, because they don't know how to make choices about how to spend their time.

[0:06:52.4] LV: Yeah, I definitely agree. I mean, I see this all the time on time logs that people – the way I phrase it is that expectations are infinite and that time is finite. I mean, there's always something else you could be doing, something that somebody else expects from you, or that you expect from yourself, or that work expects from you, or that you feel you should be doing, or feel society at large just telling you you should be doing.

I mean, these expectations are as many as the stars, but we only have 24 hours in a day, or 168 hours in a week. While I do feel it is enough time to do the things that are important to us, it's not enough time to do everything. We're always making choices about how we spend our time. I guess one way to put it is that you're always disappointing someone, which may sound a bit depressing, but I prefer to think of it more as liberating, because once you recognize that every time you're choosing to do one thing, you're choosing not to do something else.

You realize, well you have to choose. Because you have to choose, you are liberated to choose what is right for you. Hopefully people reading Juliet's School of Possibilities will feel empowered to say, “I can put off checking my e-mail until later in the day, because there's this big project I really want to dive into and get my full focus.” Or, “I don't have to look down at the text coming in my phone, because there's this person in front of me who has fascinating things to say and I want to listen and give my full attention to this.” Or, “There's more to life than just working and I'm allowed to take time on the weekends to do something that I find enjoyable; time on the evenings, time in the mornings. I think that's my goal is that people will realize that they are choosing how to spend their time and they have a lot more power than they think.

[0:08:31.8] MB: I think both of those are really important points. One is this notion that not only are you choosing how to spend your time, but you have to make a choice of how it gets allocated. Even more important than that, what people often miss is that and especially when you're trying to please everybody, or be everything to everyone is that whether you see them or not, there are material trade-offs and opportunity costs to any choice you make about how to spend your time.

[0:09:01.1] LV: Yeah. The opportunity cost is something that is so hard to see, because inevitably what happens when somebody asks for our time and you think about how we wind up filling our time, it's usually somebody has asked for it for some reason or another. We've volunteered it for something. When we're looking at our time and deciding whether we want to give it to something, we're often asking the question of am I free? Which is a good question to ask, but it's probably not the only question to ask, particularly for things that are happening far in the future.

I mean, I look at my calendar for July, yeah, sure, I'm free. I'm free for anything in July at this point, but I'm not. By July, there will be many, many things that are right in front of me that I could be doing. Saying yes to something that isn't a great use of my time means I will have to give something up. We don't always see this, but then we find ourselves too busy to do the things that we really care about, or we're having to say no to things that might have been more interesting, because we're already committed to something else.

I think being a little bit more aware of the opportunity cost and understanding that every choice to do one thing is a choice not to do something else, even if you don't really feel that you're actively making a choice.

[0:10:13.7] MB: I really like that notion that saying yes to something is essentially by definition, saying no to something else. Every choice to do one thing is by definition a choice not to do something else. How do we help people who don't necessarily see that, or experience that because it's somewhat ephemeral? How do we help people make that realization?

[0:10:40.1] LV: Well, I think one of the best ways to see that how much choice we do have over time is something I've talked about a lot, but just a little hack for your life is if you're not aware of how much time you are choosing, try picking up a real page-turner of a book, or a binge-worthy series, start on TV. Because magically, you start turning all available space into time to read that page-turner book, or time to watch that binge-worthy series.

You say like, “Oh, wait. How did I manage to get through a 400-page book this weekend?” Well, it's because all time that would have been spent scrolling through headlines, or moving mail from one pile to the other in your house, or running errands that probably didn't actually need to be run, or watching TV you didn't actually care about, all of that is repurposed to this one thing that you truly, truly, truly want to get through, because you got to find out what happens next.

If you do that, note where that time is, note how much space you manage to devote to reading or watching this series. Then say, “Well, maybe I could use some of that time for other things that I've been saying that I would like to get to.” Maybe that's time that theoretically I'm allocating to one thing, but I don't have to, right? I can make a different choice if I wish.

[0:12:02.3] MB: Zooming out and thinking about this from a slightly larger perspective, how do we – how do listeners start to make decisions that help them see beyond the things that pile up every day, whether it's e-mails, or demands from other people's time, or busy work? How do you start to develop that space or that perspective to gain an understanding of what your priorities are and where your time should be spent?

[0:12:28.7] LV: Yeah. I think it's really important to look forward into the future. One of the things that happens in this book in Juliet’s School of Possibilities is that the title character Juliet helps Riley who's the young person whose life is falling apart, see different visions of her future. She has her look very far into the future to see what her life might look like as a result of various choices that she makes. It’s a bit like Ebenezer Scrooge is looking backwards and stuff in his life, or looking forward to the ghost of Christmas future.

The key thing here is we can't truly know the future and we don't know how it will turn out. I know it's hard to look forward into the future, but if you say I'm picturing myself in the next five to 10 years and if I picture myself as very happy with my life, I'm professionally fulfilled, I am happy with my personal life, I feel healthy, I have enough energy, why would those things be true? What would be in my life that I think would make me feel that way? What are these visions I might have of myself?

One of the exercises you might actually do is picture that somebody is giving you an honor in 10 years or something and they're writing a speech about the amazing things that you've done. Think about what that person would talk about. Then providing as they often do at award speeches, character references for you, your personal too, what great things you've done. You think about why people would be saying these things. What impact would you have had on the people you love and perhaps on the broader world as well? Make the scene as vivid as possible.

It doesn't mean that inevitably those things will happen, but it does give you some insight into what is important to you. For instance, if you find yourself envisioning your future and you are having great meals with friends you just absolutely love spending time with, and you think about your current self and you are spending approximately zero time having great meals with friends, well maybe that's something you should try changing, right? Maybe you should try to get some friends together to go to a restaurant this weekend, or maybe you can plan a dinner party in the next couple of weeks and try some recipes out ahead of time and then serve them to your friends and see how it goes, get their feedback on it.

This is how you start to put these things that you have envisioned from your great future into your current life. Just to try them out and see as you spend more time on the things that you love, how it feels to be living more in-line with the things that you do feel are priorities.

[0:15:10.0] MB: I think the way that you phrased it at one point in the book was that your priorities should inform your scheduling choices, which is so obvious and so simple and yet, it's advice that's very rarely followed.

[0:15:21.4] LV: I know. It’s true. It is very rarely – because it's hard. Because the things that we really want to do are not always this things that are screaming right in front of us. I mean, various things are going on in my week right now that I'm having to deal with in terms of weather and school closings and kitchen repairs and various things have broken and people want documentation on stuff that's not in my mind a big priority, but that doesn't mean they don't think it's a big priority.

There's all these things that distract you from what you want to do. Always I say, “Well, I'll get to the writing later. I'll think about that book I want to write in the future later, because I got to focus on all these other things that are screaming for attention.” Actually scheduling in your priorities is the only way to get around that, because again, the expectations are infinite and the time is finite. Unless you consciously choose to put in time for the things that matter to you, this time will be taken away from you for somebody else's priorities.

One of the things I always try to do and encourage other people to do is to think through their weeks before they're in them, to think about the year ahead of you. At the end of the year, if you were say well, it's been an amazing year for me professionally. What three things would you have done in the course of the year to have it be an amazing year for you professionally? Then you say, “Okay, well how can I break those three big things down into doable steps and what space am I putting on my schedule this week for some of those doable steps?”

If you're not making space, well it's really hard to claim that those are truly your top professional priorities. Something to think about. Your personal life too. You can think about at the end of the year what you'd like to say that you've done in the course of 2019. You'd like to envision yourself at the end of the year saying, “Hey, this was the year that I ran that 10k.” Then here you are not running at all and you're scheduled this week. Again, it's hard to say that that's actually a priority, which may be true, right? Not everything has to be a priority and sometimes people think things should be priorities, because they're important to somebody else, or we think that society at large thinks we should do them.

Think about what truly matters to you and challenge yourself to put a couple things on the schedule for the upcoming week. If you do that, I promise it will feel so amazing that you will want to keep doing it.

[0:17:42.6] MB: You snuck in a really great reframe of the phrasing on that, which is this idea that if you don't determine how you want to spend your time, I think the exact phrase you used is that it'll be taken away from you by someone else's priorities.

[0:17:55.9] LV: Yeah. Well, I think that's what happens a lot of times. Everyone has competing priorities and just because someone else wants you to do something does not automatically mean that you have to. I mean, again, time is a choice. I mean, maybe it is a good idea. I'm not saying if your biggest client wants to meet with you tomorrow that you shouldn't do it. I mean, probably you should. Maybe a smart use of time. You don't absolutely have to. We always have this sense, this agency over our time. Yeah, given that the expectations are infinite, somebody will always come up with something else you could be doing. The question is whether you really want to.

[0:18:36.6] MB: I like the way that that reframe really just puts the onus back on you and helps crystallize the idea of the opportunity cost, the missed opportunities of all of the things you could have done when your time gets sapped, or sucked into a distraction, or spent on a priority of someone else, instead of a priority that you had.

[0:18:59.5] LV: Yeah. I mean, we don't even need to talk about huge amounts of time. I mean, I can bore myself thinking about how many people have told me they don't have time to exercise. Yet, I think if they looked at their calendars, they could probably easily identify let's say two and a half hours of conference calls during the week that they added absolutely no value to whatsoever, I mean, to the point where they were multitasking the whole time; deleting e-mails, scrolling through headlines. Why are you on these calls, right? That's two and a half hours You could have gone outside for a walk at your workplace and hey, you would have exercised for the equivalent of 30 minutes five times a week, which is exactly what the public health authorities say you need to do.

Yeah, there's always other things we can be doing. It often is not even huge amounts of time. If you took 45 minutes for mornings a week to write for a book you wanted to write, so that would be three hours a week. I'm pretty sure in three hours, you could probably write 1,500 to 2,000 words, which would mean that you would have a draft and well under a year, right? Again, that time can be taken up with other things. It can be taken up with redoing housework that's already been done, or puttering around, or watching TV in the morning to fill the time before it's time to go to work, hitting snooze. I mean, you wind up hitting snooze for that much and say, “Well, the snooze is what happened rather than the book.”

It doesn't have to be a huge amount of time that has shifted over to important things, but consciously making those choices and then continuing to do them over and over again is how you get important things done.

[0:20:37.6] MB: That's a great point, because it breaks it down into something that's much more manageable, even carving out these chunks of 30 minutes, 45 minutes, an hour to a day can make a huge difference. The example of exercise comes back, makes me think of the simple idea that you already shared, which is this notion of scheduling your priorities.

My own personal experience, I struggled for a long time to get in a regular fitness routine. Somehow it dawned on me this really simple idea which is I'm just going to put in my calendar everyday fitness for an hour and that's it. I just put it on my calendar, set it for every day and then magically, I went from working out 0 to 2 times a week to working out 5 or 6 times a week, because it was in the calendar. It was already scheduled. That doesn't mean some days I'll move it or I'll reschedule it or cancel it because I get busy, but now it's the default choice instead of just wasting time on something else.

[0:21:32.1] LV: Yeah. I think that's a great idea. What I’d often winds up happening is people sometimes just don't want to exercise. It becomes easier to say, “Well, I don't have time.” People say they don't have time for all sorts of things. I've had people tell me they don't have time to floss, which just strikes me as funny. I'm pretty sure you do have time to floss, now whether you want to floss or not is an entirely different matter. If something's a priority, put it on your calendar. If it's not, make your peace with it.

[0:22:03.8] MB: You know the excitement you get when you have a package come in the mail? I always love seeing a big box with my name on it and ripping it open to find out what treasures are inside. That's why I love getting hooked up with a box of awesome from our amazing host, Bespoke Post, every month.

They're out there scouting for quality and unique products to send to me. Now you can experience it too at boxofawesome.com. I recently got an incredible weekender bag and an amazing Dopp kit with all kinds of goodies. They have some really, really cool, curated stuff. You can get started by visiting boxofawesome.com and answering a few short questions that will help them get a feel for the boxes that will best go with your style in your life.

Whether you're in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, or jet-setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time. Each box goes for under $50, but has more than $70 worth of unique gear waiting inside it for you. The first of each month you'll receive an e-mail with your box details. You have five days to change colors and sizes, add extra goodies, etc. If you're not feeling that month's box, you can just skip it.

From barrel-aging kits to limited edition cigars, weekender bags and classy Dopp kits, Bespoke Post offers essential goods and guidance for the modern man. To receive 20% off of your first subscription box, go to boxofawesome.com and enter the code Success at checkout. That's boxofawesome.com code Success for 20% off your first box. That's boxofawesome.com code Success for 20% off your first box.

I want to again thank Bespoke Post, themed boxes for guys that give a damn, for hosting this episode of the Science of Success.

[0:24:01.0] MB: I want to come back to something else you shared that is essential to understanding this, which is that this can apply – I think a lot of times time management really focuses in or gets bucketed in more of a professional bucket. There's a lot of applications this applies professionally, but it also applies personally and even carving out an hour to a week, or a weekend for something that you really care about or passionate about, or a hobby that you love to spend time on, can make a huge difference.

[0:24:31.8] LV: Yeah, it really can. It doesn't take much time devoted to things that you enjoy to make a huge difference in your life. Many people think, “I have no time whatsoever. I can't do X, Y, or Z.” Challenge yourself to find the equivalent of 30 minutes a day. That is three and a half hours a week. Three and a half hours in the course of 168-hour a week is probably not that much. If you need to break it down into 15-minute increments within that, fine; one in the morning, one at night during the week and maybe bigger chunks on the weekend. Or it could be longer chunks on the weekend and smaller during the week; two hours on the weekend and then 90 minutes sometime during the week. Probably in the course of Monday through Friday, you can find 90 minutes somewhere broken up into chunks.

If you can get to the equivalent of spending half an hour a day on something that is meaningful for you, life will feel so amazingly different. The other 23.5 hours will be fine, because you've got these 30 minutes devoted to something awesome. If you can scale that up, can you get it to seven hours a week? Again, I don't think seven hours is a huge ask. I understand that there may be people listening to this, have very busy lives. If you are working full-time, maybe people have families too, especially if you have very young kids it can be hard to carve those hours. Often, it might be time after they go to bed, right? You can go watch TV, or you could do something else for 30 minutes and then go watch TV. Making the choice to do something else can make life feel just a lot more doable.

[0:26:02.6] MB: I found personally that once you start to carve out these little slivers of time, they begin to snowball and snowball. That 30 minutes gives you the space and teaches you that it's okay to now I can step out and maybe I can spend another 30 minutes, and you start to build on that and suddenly you start to wake up and realize, “Wow, I've got way, way more time than I ever thought I had.”

[0:26:26.3] LV: Yeah. I've come to this realization myself. I track my time and I have continuously for about four years. I feel I have a fairly full life, but there's still all kinds of space. I mean, I've realized that I do have time to read real books. Sometimes I don't feel reading real books. Again, that's a different matter. I do have time to read real books. I joined a choir about a year and a half ago, because I realized I had time to do it. We meet on Thursday evenings. I was not usually doing all that much of consequence on Thursday evenings, so it was fine to take that evening and rehearse my singing instead and we sing on Sunday mornings in church. Again, I was often not doing too much of consequence on Sunday mornings, so it's fine to make the time for it.

It makes me very happy to do. I'd love to have this music making back in my life. Yes, it requires time, but it's not an infinite amount of time. It's about four hours a week and there are 168 hours in a week, so those four hours really make a big difference.

[0:27:29.6] MB: Do you think it's a bigger challenge for people to discover what their priorities are, or to create space for their priorities in their lives?

[0:27:39.6] LV: I think sometimes it's harder to figure out your real priorities. I think some people would argue with me about that and say, “Well Laura, there's all these things I really want to do. Trust me, I'm just incredibly busy. I have no time whatsoever.” I know some people's lives are incredibly constrained for various reasons, but I do think that when you have a very good sense of what matters to you and are very clear on it, you wind up finding space for it.

It may not be five things that you love, but certainly one thing other than work and family might be possible to keep up with even during the years of building your career and if perhaps you have a young family as well.

As for work I mean, there are definitely ways to get closer over time to doing things professionally that make you feel incredibly fulfilled. I think people spend a lot of their 20s and 30s figuring out what that is and that can feel very frustrating like, “What should I be doing with my life? What can I uniquely contribute to the world? What is my professional calling and wouldn't it be nice if there was a way to just take a class in whatever that is in college and immediately get a job afterwards doing exactly what that is?”

Life doesn't work that way. It's a series of trial and error where you figure it out. I think that can actually be a great mindset to have that your first few jobs are all about figuring out what your priorities are professionally, like what you can do well, what you could do better than anyone else if you trained at it hard enough, what makes you feel fulfilled, like you're making an impact on the world? As you figure that out, you start to find ways to spend more of your time doing it and you become less tolerant of situations where you're not spending a whole lot of time on these things.

[0:29:29.8] MB: It's almost building a muscle. Once you start to start to flex that and build it up and I've had this experience personally as well, my tolerance now for things that don't fit within that wheelhouse just decreases and decreases every single year and I get more and more, for lack of a better term, ruthless about where I spend my time, because I realized the incredible both cost of it not going into the right things, but the opportunity and the excitement that comes with when it gets spent on the right things.

[0:29:57.4] LV: I agree with that. One of the big learnings – I mean, when I started out writing, I would write pretty much about anything, anyone who was willing to pay me for doing it. Over time, I've learned that some things make me a lot happier to write and I find a lot more interesting, some things a lot less so. I had an experience a couple months ago where I did a project that I realized just wasn't the right thing. I mean, that didn't get me out of doing it once I agreed to do it, because I'm a person of my word, because I'll do a good job on what I've agreed to do.

I decided to treat it as a real learning experience. The fact that you feel this way Laura, means you should never do this again in the future. Now you know. Never say yes to this thing again. That's a good learning. I mean, maybe it's sad that it took me to age 40 to figure that out, but better late than never.

[0:30:49.1] MB: In the book, towards the end of the book, you share a number of really practical simple questions for a reader to apply to their lives. I'd love to hear what some of those questions are and why they're so impactful so that listeners can digest them and apply them.

[0:31:08.2] LV: Yeah. Well, one was what we talked about earlier this idea of picturing yourself a couple years in the future. If you are fulfilled professionally and personally, what are you doing? Who is with you? Why are you doing the things you're doing? What impact are you having on the world that makes you so excited about what you're doing? Get this picture very clear and then figure out well, what steps could I take to get there? How could I spend more time in my current life on these things? What could I do in the next week to start making some progress toward some of these long-term priorities?

Then another practical question is who could hold me accountable for doing these things in the next week? Because a lot of us have really good intentions, but it's easy to say well, other stuff came up, or I meant to get to that. This is a really busy week. Well, I would have gotten to it, but there was whether the office was closed for a couple days, I had to do something – There's always going to be a reason that it's not a perfect week to do whatever it is.

Find somebody who will depending on what you respond to, either yell at you like a drill sergeant, or pokes you very kindly if you're into that instead, but somebody who will make sure that you know that somebody's watching you. For many people, that can be helpful for making sure that it actually gets done.

[0:32:29.3] MB: How do you think about balancing these macro goals and five-year visions with the daily and weekly activities that marry those two things together?

[0:32:43.2] LV: Well, I think it's important to always be making small steps toward these larger goals. Again, they can be very small steps. If you want to write a book, you can write a book writing 500 words a day or less really, as long as you just keep going. Challenge yourself to do at least one small thing ideally daily. Even if you can't do that, if you just do two or three things in this next week, two or three small steps toward your larger professional and personal goals, well that's a lot better than nothing. I promise that if you keep making two to three steps a week, well in a year, you've made 100 to 150 steps, which unless your goal is so far away, it's unseeable. You're probably going to be a lot closer if you've taken a 150 small steps toward whatever those goals might be.

[0:33:30.3] MB: Once we start to step into this place of prioritizing our own priorities and focusing our time on the things we want to focus it on, how do you deal with either the fear or the reality of disappointing other people, or not meeting their expectations?

[0:33:52.3] LV: It's hard, especially when people would like you to do things and they can be disappointed and it's within their right to feel disappointed. You can't control anyone else's feelings. I think if your goal is to go through life without disappointing anyone, you're going to have a very difficult life, because not – everyone else's goals for you are not the same as what yours are. It's your life. Ultimately, you are the one who has to determine where those hours go and you're the one who's going to have to look back on your life and answer whether those hours went places that you wish them to go.

This is an ongoing difficult process. Plenty of people have the experience of going into a line of work that maybe their parents didn't foresee that they were going to go into and then they have to deal with that disappointment, or going into different school, or maybe you choose a spouse that isn't exactly what your extended family thought what you would do. Or you don't choose a spouse at all. Again, that's not what your extended family thought you would do.

Then the disappointments just continue. I mean, if you managed to please every single colleague you ever work with, well, people's pleasure is often not a 100% justified. I mean, maybe somebody did work that needs to change. If you're only worried about pleasing them, then you've got a problem with that. It's just not a good goal to go through life that you will never disappoint anyone. I think you can go through goal with – go through life with the goal that you will do your best, that you will try to lessen the impact if somebody has a legitimate reason to be disappointed, but that you will not hold yourself hostage to that.

I think it also helps to have a little phrase, switching a phrase in our brains and often we’re like, “Oh, no. I did this.” Or, “Oh, no. Somebody feels this.” How about changing it to just oh, well. Somebody feels this. Oh, well. I didn't do this. Oh, well. Life continues. The honest truth and one final thing that that I think can help with this is I have people do this exercise. I asked them to tell me what they were thinking about and worried about on today's date two years ago. Very, very few people can do it, right? To say like, “Oh, yeah. I was actually really irritated about this memo I got about whatever.” You don't remember exactly what that was from two years ago, without if you actually went back through your inbox or something, or went back through your calendar. Without doing that, you have no idea what was annoying you two years ago. Likewise, whatever is keeping you up at night now probably will not matter in two years. You can kind of do yourself a favor and get over it two years early.

[0:36:38.7] MB: I like that. That's a great strategy. One of the other things that I was really interesting and this is probably my own inner time management nerd coming out, but towards the end of the book, you had one of the exercises which was just a giant Excel spreadsheet basically to fill out, I believe it's by the half hour, or maybe it was by the hour, I forget, but for how you spent every single piece of your day. To me, that's another strategy similar to the notion of scheduling your priorities, which is so simple and yet so few people actually do, which is just measuring where your time actually goes.

[0:37:18.7] LV: Yeah. I think all novels should have a spreadsheet in them. I'm looking on starting a new trend there. No, I track my time on those weekly spreadsheets and I encourage other people to do so as well. The best way to start spending time better is to figure out where it is going now. There's really no way around this. It's like trying to lose weight while being completely blind to what you're putting in your mouth. I mean, maybe you'll get lucky and it'll work, but I probably wouldn't bet on it. It's the same thing with time. If we want to spend our time better, we should figure out exactly where it goes, not where we think it goes, because people have all kinds of stories they will tell themselves about where the time really goes.

I mean, fascinating stories. You said you were a data geek here. I mean, there are some hilarious time studies about people's mismatch between perceptions and reality. One of my favorite was about a gym that people knew that they had whatever, a key fob, or whatever as they were signing in to their gym, that recorded exactly how many times they were there, right? It was not in question how many times they had been in the gym. Yet when they were asked how many times they had been during that time, they gave answers that were double the amount of times they had actually been to the gym.

In their minds, these people were exercising all the time. The fact that they didn't was just some weird quirk of the universe. I don't know. We've got all sorts of stories about where the time goes. Time log will take those away quickly and I think that's a good thing, because if you know how many hours you are working, then you can make good choices within those hours, you can make good choices with the hours you have outside of work. If you know how many hours you are spending on say chores, you can decide if you think that's right, or if it should be different.

If you see how much time you're spending with friends and family, you can decide if you think that's a good amount, or if you think it should be higher, or maybe you think it should be lower. I don’t know. Maybe that's your issue. You just don't know. Unless you see the numbers, it's really hard to make rational decisions, as opposed to decisions that are made because you're telling yourself catastrophic stories of I'm working around the clock. Well, are you really? Really, you never sleep? You've never gone to anything else in the past month? Or I travel all the time. Well, let's look at the number of hotel nights. Often it comes out to fewer over the course of the year than one might think. Find the data, make better choices.

[0:39:41.6] MB: Earlier, you mentioned the snooze button. That was one of the things personally that I uncovered in a previous time on it was that until I really looked at my time, I realized I was laying in bed. I would get up and then I would take my phone and I would look at my phone for 45 minutes reading and looking at social media and all this stuff. That once I actually started recording and looking at how I was spending my time, I realized that there was a massive amount of wasted time every single morning that I could carve out by simply just getting out of bed when I wake up, instead of wasting all that time on my phone.

[0:40:14.0] LV: It's pretty easy to do if your phone is your alarm clock. That's a easy hack for people right there is get yourself a real alarm clock and then you won't be quite as tempted by that. Your phone can go sleep in another room, where it won't then bother you first thing. Yeah, people find that thing all the time, or find that they were snoozing for an average of 27 minutes, whatever, the multiples of nine minutes three times each morning. Why not get that as real sleep? Set your alarm for the time you'll actually get out of bed, as opposed to spending it in these little, small unhelpful chunks of sleep.

Or one thing I found when I track my time is I spent way more time in the car than I thought I did. I ran my business out of a home office, so in my mind there's no daily commute. Therefore, I must be spending negligible amount of time in the car, but that's not true. I mean, between errands and running family members around and traveling to different things, I average more than an hour a day in the car, which is not insignificant at all. Now that I know that, I can challenge myself to make more of that time, whether it's listening to podcasts, or if I have a family member in the car with me, recognizing that this is time we have together and I should be aware of that, instead of viewing it as time that doesn't exist.

[0:41:27.0] MB: That's another great strategy. In some ways, I have a little bit of a mix opinion about because sometimes I feel this habit that I have pulls me away from being present sometimes, but I'm a huge fan of what I call double-dipping, which is basically any dead time I have, I try to make more use out of it. If I'm brushing my teeth, I might be listening to a podcast, or watching something on YouTube, or reading an article. I'm always trying to capitalize on all of those dead moments, or those little slivers of wasted time and turn that into something where I can be productive, or learning, etc.

[0:42:00.7] LV: Well, there's nothing wrong with using time, using bits of time. I think you could – it's fine to have downtime too. I mean, you could consciously say well, this 10 minutes here where I'm waiting, I'm just going to let my mind wander where it goes. I'm going to look up at the clouds and feel happy about looking up at the clouds, challenging myself not to pull out the phone and look at social media or something like that. I think that would be a great use of time as well.

The problem is that most people use those little bits of time for mindless activities. They do add up. My time in the car wasn't coming as a solid hour every day. I mean, I would notice it if I was in the car for an hour straight. It's because it was in eight-minute chunks here and there. Eight minutes going to this place and five minutes to the post office and eight minutes at the grocery store. Because of that it, wasn't registering because it wasn't big, but that is real time and it's time there.

If it makes you happy to do other things, to listen to stuff, or to learn stuff, or to reach out to someone in those bits of time, then that's great. If it makes you happy to do absolutely nothing in the sense of having fallow time, which I think is where the best ideas often arise, then by all means do that too.

[0:43:12.4] MB: For listeners who want to and then you've shared a number of really specific applicable ideas here, but for listeners who want to concretely start somewhere in implementing these ideas in their lives, what would be one piece of homework or one action item that you would give them to begin the journey of starting to understand their priorities and allocate their time accordingly?

[0:43:36.1] LV: Well, I always suggest time tracking. I know I sound like a broken record on this, but it's actually really easy to get started. One thing you can do is just sit down right now and or if you're listening to this in a car, don’t do this, but once you get to a place where you can write down write, down what you've done over the previous 24 hours. Most people can remember the previous 24 hours with a reasonable degree of accuracy. I mean, time logs, put it somewhere between about 80%, 90%, which for our purposes is probably good enough.

What did you do over the previous 24 hours? Write this down. Well, now you've got one day of data. Now just do the next day 24 hours from now, starting now and wow, you've got two days. You've already got some that could be reasonable to start to see some patterns with. Just keep going like this one day at a time until you get to a week and you'll find all sorts of interesting things. I promise, it's a interesting exercise.

[0:44:29.2] MB: As Peter Drucker said, what gets measured gets managed.

[0:44:32.5] LV: Time really can be measured. I mean, that's the good thing about it. There's many other things in life that can't, but I can find out for sure how much time I was spending in the car. That doesn't mean that I've figured out my big priorities based on that, but it helps. Because then when I know what material I'm working with, I can make better choices with it. Since life is lived in hours, we're going to build what lives we want out of allocating those hours in the right ways. Knowing where they go is really more important than it might sound.

[0:45:06.6] MB: For listeners who want to find you, the new book and your previous work online, what's the best place for them to do that?

[0:45:13.6] LV: Well, I hope your listeners will come visit me at lauravanderkam.com. That's just my name. Can learn all about my previous books and this new one, Juliet’s School of Possibilities, which we mentioned earlier is a time management fable. Combining what I've learned about time management over the years into a story, that hopefully people will find memorable and help make these lessons a little bit more clear.

[0:45:37.7] MB: Well Laura, thank you so much for coming on the show, for coming to show once again actually and sharing all of this wisdom and all these insights.

[0:45:45.9] LV: Thank you so much for having me back. I really appreciate it.

[0:45:49.1] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners, master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week.

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes, because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success.

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top.

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.

March 14, 2019 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
Josh Kaufman-01.png

The Epic Mental Framework You Need To Master Any Skill and Defeat Fear and Uncertainty with Josh Kaufman

March 07, 2019 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we discuss how you can understand the world with powerful clarity. What makes other people behave in certain ways? What are the most important concepts and ideas in the business world? Do you often feel like you’re looking for a magic bullet or paint-by-numbers approach to solving your problems? The solution to all of these questions lies in the powerful framework that we explain in-depth and show you how to apply with our guest Josh Kaufman. 

  • Why Mental Models are so important and one of the best thinking frameworks you can use to organize information and understand the world.

  • Mental models are universal, important, and flexible concepts that describe how the world works in some key way 

  • Charlie Munger - The Godfather of Mental Models 

  • Mental models - for me - come from a fundamental place of curiosity - I'm obsessed with understanding HOW and WHY things work - businesses, humans, success etc - and I find mental models to be a very helpful tool for organizing the reasons that things happen in the world 

  • Mental models are cognitive tools to approach any situation and understand it better 

  • How does the world work? 

  • What makes other people behave in certain ways?

  • What are the most important concepts and ideas in the business world?

  • Mental models are one of the defining factors that separate ultra achievers from people who plateau in their lives and careers

  • People overcomplicate it and often misunderstand what mental models are - or they waive it off and say “yeah I’ve heard a lot of people mention that, I just don’t have time to dig into that right now - what would you say to them?

  • Mental models are powerful and systematically underrated and studying mental models is one of, if not the most, high leverage activities you can do with your time 

  • You usually search for a magic bullet or a paint-by-numbers approach to solving the problem you are currently facing - but mental models shine light on the underlying reality and the issues and gives you a more robust and useful way to understand and solve problems again and again. 

  • We often fall prey to having too narrow of a focus and ignore the bigger picture, we often under-value versatility and a broader persecutive - which mental models give you. 

  • Key pieces of a mental model

    • The idea

    • Why it is that way (why it works

    • How to apply it

  • What are the most useful mental models to start with? What mental models does Josh frequently apply over and over again?

    • “The 5 Parts of Every Business"

      1. Value Creation (business model) 

      2. Attention of Prospects (marketing) 

      3. Convince Prospects to Pay (sales)

      4. Deliver Value (ops)

      5. Analyze Efforts (finance) 

    • “4 Methods to Increase Revenue"

      1. Increase # of Customers

      2. Increase Avg Transaction Size

      3. Increase Frequency of Transactions Per Customer

      4. Raise Prices

      1. “Standard Operating Procedure” 

        1. In this situation - what are we supposed to do to solve this problem?

        2. Checklists are a great subset or example of this

        3. Checklists are extremely powerful - even for very smart and highly capable people - they create a major shift in outcomes - “wash hands with soap” example

  • How do you start with mental models? How do you begin to implement them into your life?

  • Do you want to start implementing mental models into your life? We share specific tools and resources

  • What do people often get wrong about the 10,000 hour rule?

  • The “status malfunction” mental model and how it often skews our thinking about how the world works 

  • Have you ever said “I would really like to learn how to do something new” but felt like you didn’t have the time?

  • The “Law of Practice” - the early hours of practice at a skill lead to an extremely rapid improvement and development in skills 

  • What’s the method or framework for rapidly learning any skill in 20 hours or less?

    • Step One - Decide What You Want To Learn - Get Specific and Get Clear

      1. How will you know when you’ve reached that particular level of skill? 

    • Step Two - Deconstruct That Skill Into Smaller Sub Skills

      1. Many of the things we think of as “skills” are actually bundles of lots of smaller skills 

      2. Work on practicing and drilling down into the smaller sub-sets of skills 

      1. Step Three - Learn Enough About Each Sub Skill to Self Correct 

        1. Don’t get stuck in over-researching before you jump in - this is a form of procrastination 

      2. Step Four - Remove Barriers To Practice

        1. Physical, Mental or Emotional 

        2. Remove friction 

      3. Step Five - Pre-Commit To Practicing At Least 20 Hours

        1. Precommiting is a KEY COMPONENT

        2. 40 mins per day for a month

        3. If you aren’t willing to precommit this skill probably doesn’t have enough value or interest for you

        4. This pre-commitment helps overcome frustration of the first 3-5 hours or so

  • The major barrier to learning isn’t intellectual - it’s emotional

  • Adult learners often struggle when they compare their skill level with that of other people. Your job is not to compare yourself with others - it's to compare yourself AFTER the 20 hour framework to yourself BEFORE the 20 hour framework. 

  • How to fight a hydra is a story of - Ambition, Uncertainty, Risk, Fear of the Unknown 

  • How do you act in the face of fear and uncertainty?

  • What’s the best way to handle scary or uncertain situations?

  • The power of showing people instead of telling people. 

  • How do you deal with the difficulties and self doubts of whether or not you are doing the right thing?

  • Where do most people go wrong with their approach to uncertainty and fear of the unknown?

  • Most people wish uncertainty would go away - they think that if the uncertainty is still there that they are doing something wrong and that they need to change course - but it’s the opposite - you have to be willing to tolerate, accept, and live with uncertainty.

  • Uncertainty will always be there, it will never go away, and that’s not a problem - it’s part of how the universe works.

  • Fiction is a powerful way to shape people’s thinking - and can be more impactful than non fiction - because people can internalize the lessons and ideas as a lived experience.

  • Homework: Do some research on mental models and do some reading and learning around mental models. Start filling your mental model toolbox. A practical way to do this - choose to read or listen to something that is dramatically outside your area of expertise. Broaden your intellectual landscape as much as you can. 

  • Homework: If you were going to invest 20 hours into learning how to do something that is either personally fulfilling or very helpful for work - if you invested 30 to 40 mins per day for a month - what skill would you focus on first and why? Is that skill really worth committing 20 hours of practice?

  • Use the “PICS” to help specify and clarify what you want to do:

    1. Positive

    2. Immediate

    3. Concrete

    4. Specific 

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybuttonsmall.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

 

This week’s episode is brought to you by Bespoke Post and their monthly Box Of Awesome! The team at Bespoke Post are always out scouting for quality and unique products to send people just like you each month! Whether you’re in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, or jet-setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time.

For a limited time, you can get your first Box of Awesome for 20% off by entering the code SUCCESS at checkout! Each box costs under $50 but has over $70 work of unique gear waiting inside!

This week we’re loving the Buckled Box! Great style starts at the waistline. Everything you wear makes a statement about you. So when you're buckling up your getup in the morning, make each piece count - starting with your belt!

From barrel-aging kits to limited edition cigars, weekender bags, jackets to classy Dopp Kits, Bespoke Post offers the essential goods and guidance for the modern man. Don’t want a box that month, no problem. Opt out on months you don’t want.

We’ve been customers for years and love getting our box each month, you will too!

Want To Dig In More?! - Here’s The Show Notes, Links, & Research

General

Josh’s website JoshKaufman.net

Media

  • The First 20 Hours Book Site

  • The Personal MBA Book Site

  • Farnam Street: Mental Models: The Best Way to Make Intelligent Decisions (109 Models Explained)

  • Medium - “Josh Kaufman: How To Learn Anything From Scratch” by Louis Chew

  • Forbes - “Josh Kaufman: It Takes 20 Hours Not 10,000 Hours To Learn A Skill” by Dan Schawbel (2013)

  • Poets and Quants - “Why Josh Kaufman Thinks Business School Is A Waste” by John A. Byrne (from 2010)

  • [Podcast] Accidental Creative - AC Podcast: Josh Kaufman on The First 20 Hours

  • [Podcast] Bookworm - (Book Reviews) 21: The Personal MBA by Josh Kaufman

  • [Podcast] Pharmacy Leaders Podcast - Ep 184 Personal MBA Author Josh Kaufman Part I

Videos

  • The Psychology of Human Misjudgement - Charlie Munger Full Speech

  • The first 20 hours -- how to learn anything | Josh Kaufman | TEDxCSU

  • I Will Teach You to Be Rich - How to learn any skill rapidly, with Josh Kaufman and Ramit Sethi

  • Olivier Roland English - The 4 BEST business books, chosen by Josh Kaufman (author of the Personal MBA)

  • The RSA - How to Learn Anything... Fast - Josh Kaufman

    • Streamed event: RSA Replay - How to Learn Anything...Fast

  • Josh Kaufman | Talks at Google

  • Productivity Game - The 5 parts to every business: THE PERSONAL MBA by Josh Kaufman

  • Quick Talks - Josh Kaufman | 20 Hours to Learn Anything (Key Points Talk)

  • Bulldog Mindset - How To Fight A Hydra (Book Review)

  • Gabe Bult - How to fight a Hydra: (Entrepreneurial book) review and takeaways

Books

  • [Amazon Author Page] Josh Kaufman

  • [Amazon Author Page] Atul Gawande

  • [Book] The Personal MBA: Master the Art of Business by Josh Kaufman

  • [Book] How to Fight a Hydra: Face Your Fears, Pursue Your Ambitions, and Become the Hero You Are Destined to Be  by Josh Kaufman

  • [Book] The First 20 Hours: How to Learn Anything . . . Fast!  By Josh Kaufman

  • [Book] Worldly Wisdom: Collected Quotations and Aphorisms  by Josh Kaufman and Carlos Miceli

Misc

  • [Transcript] A Lesson on Elementary Worldly Wisdom by Charlie Munger

  • [SoS Episode] How To Stop Living Your Life On Autopilot, Take Control, and Build a Toolbox of Mental Models to Understand Reality with Farnam Street’s Shane Parrish

Episode Transcript

[00:00:04.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than three million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we discuss how you can understand the world with powerful clarity, what makes other people behave in certain ways? What are the most important concepts and ideas in the business world? Do you often feel like you’re looking for a magic bullet, or a paint by numbers approach to solving your problems? The solution to all of these questions lies in the powerful framework that we explain in-depth and show you how to apply with our guest, Josh Kaufman.

Do you need more time? Time for work, time for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life, time to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our e-mail list. It's called How You Can Create Time for the Things That Really Matter in Life. You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the e-mail list at successpodcast.com.

You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our e-mail subscribers. We recently pre released an episode in an interview to our e-mail subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience and that had tremendous implications, because there is a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first.

With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live exclusive interview just for e-mail subscribers. There's some amazing stuff that's available only to e-mail subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the e-mail list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page.

Or if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44-222. That's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

In our previous episode, we discussed how you can find your purpose in life, especially when you're lost or confused about what to do next. We heard some incredible stories and unforgettable lessons from people who were fighting through life-threatening illnesses and looked at how to really push yourself beyond what you thought was possible to achieve what truly matters to you. We discussed all of that and much more with our previous guest, Jon Vroman. If you want to find your purpose in life, listen to our previous episode.

Now, for our interview with Josh.

[0:02:56.2] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show, Josh Kaufman. Josh is a researcher and author of three best-selling books; The Personal MBA, The First 20 Hours and most recently, How to Fight a Hydra: Face Your Fears, Pursue Your Ambitions and Become the Hero You're Destined To Be.

Josh has been featured as the number one best-selling author in business and money. He's ranked on amazon.com. His website joshkaufman.net was named to one of the top 100 websites for entrepreneurs by Forbes and his work has been featured in The New York Times, Wall Street Journal and much more. Josh, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:27.9] JK: Thanks, Matt. Great to be here.

[0:03:29.1] MB: Well, we're very excited to have you on the show. As I was telling you in our little pre-show conversation, Personal MBA is one of my all-time favorite books and a book I highly recommend to people all the time. I actually recommended it to someone yesterday. One of my most dog-eared and note filled books.

I think the thing about Personal MBA, it might have been one of the first books that introduced me to mental models as a toolkit, as a thinking framework. As longtime listeners will know, Charlie Munger is a huge intellectual hero of mine. I'd love to start today and dig into a little bit how you uncovered your own personal journey of using and thinking in mental models and the importance of using mental models.

[0:04:11.9] JK: Sure. Super glad to hear that the book has been useful to you. That's really the reason that I wrote it. It came out of a personal project that I wanted to learn all of this for my own use, to use in my own career and my own businesses. The idea around the book is that putting everything that's important to understand about business in one central place where someone can pick it up and learn a lot and be able to use it whatever their career, or industry happens to be. That was the purpose of the book, so I'm very happy to hear that it worked for you.

The genesis of The Personal MBA came around this idea of mental models. Mental models are these universal, very important and flexible concepts that describe how the world works in some important way. This is something that unconsciously as I was going through the process of learning about business that I was searching for, but the term yet as you mentioned, I first came across mental models in the work of Charlie Munger, who is not very well-known, aside from investment circles. He just happens to be the long-term business partner of Warren Buffett, whom a lot of people have heard of.

Charlie is an interesting guy. He is an investor and a businessman, but he didn't start that way. He started his career as an attorney and as a meteorologist of all things, and decided that he wanted to learn a lot more about business. He started looking for these critical, universal, very important principles that would help him understand what a business was and how it functioned on a very deep level. Then his application of that is being able to take this knowledge and look at an existing business, or look at a business opportunity and figure out both, does this make sense? Is this working the way that I expect it to work? Is there funny business going on here?

In his investing career, Charlie would often use these sorts of concepts to figure out – so think of a business like Enron, it looks really great on paper. Something about it, if you dig into it just doesn't make sense. Both on the identifying opportunities and identifying potential mistakes, or traps, or things that you could avoid, mental models are a very useful orienting framework about both what you should learn and the types of things that you should pay attention to, versus others.

It's very easy to get bogged down in the minutia of techniques that apply to only one area of business, or a very specific approach to a very narrow problem. Mental models are our way of going above that to understand the totality of what it is that you're trying to do and then have a wide variety of tools, for lack of a better term, to approach any situation in business or entrepreneurship that you would be likely to face.

[0:06:52.7] MB: For me, I think mental models fundamentally stem from a place of curiosity. I'm obsessed with understanding how and why things work, whether businesses, other people, what makes people successful, I've personally found mental models and through Personal MBA in many ways to be a great way for organizing all these different facts in some structure that's coherent and helps explain the reason that things happen in the world.

[0:07:19.4] JK: Yeah. Part of the models that I talk about in The Personal MBA, it came out simultaneously out of both research and practice. At the time that I started the project, I was working at one of the largest corporations in the world, Procter & Gamble, doing product development and marketing. On the side, I was starting my own businesses. I had this interesting experience of working in the largest of the large and the smallest of the small, literally just me, and trying to figure out okay, what are the things that I need to know? How do I need to approach new opportunities, or new ideas? How should I interact with other people? How can I learn to work more effectively, to be more productive, to make better decisions, to have better ideas?

Early in my career, one of the things that I’ve decided to do very strategically was to read an enormous amount of business training material; books and resources and courses. The thing that you realize very quickly when you start reading a lot of business material is you see a lot of the same ideas come up over and over and over again. That's no accident. It's because those ideas, or those ways of thinking about this thing that we're all trying to do happen to be very useful and applicable well beyond some very specific narrow situations.

The more of those mental models, the more of those cognitive tools that you can pick up and just maybe you don't use them every day of your life, but having them in the back of your mind when you see something new, or you're trying to think through a new opportunity, being able to think about, “Oh, that reminds me about this thing that I learned,” and have a framework, or have an approach to how to look at this particular opportunity, it makes an enormous difference. I think that's what separates the people who do really well in their careers and in their life long-term, versus people who might do very well in a narrow sense and then just fizzle out over a couple of years.

[0:09:08.3] MB: I think that's such an important point. I feel when I bring up mental models, a lot of people either over complicate it, or misunderstand what they are, or even almost roll their eyes and say, “Yeah, yeah. I hear all kinds of people talking about that. I just don't have the time and energy to dig into it.” What would you say to someone who has a reaction like that?

[0:09:29.0] JK: Yeah. It feels this big, nebulous abstract thing. I really wish that there were a better term. I've used the term cognitive tools a couple times. I think that is moving in the right direction. It's something that you learn that you're going to be able to pull out and use in certain situations to think about certain things.

I think in general, concepts and resources around how to think about fill in the blank are really systematically underrated. A lot of people when they search for either business training, or ideas, or books, or whatever, there's this incredible impulse to search for a magic bullet. I need something that is directly applicable to my situation, in my situation only, that's going to give me a paint-my-numbers approach to getting the result that I'm looking for.

I think the more people can look at that and say – there's a legitimate desire there, right? It would be really nice to come in and solve a problem overnight, or to be able to snap your fingers and have the result that you're looking for. In terms of how you think about how you invest your time and energy in getting better, looking for those silver bullets has a very real opportunity cost; A, those silver bullets usually don't exist. B, you can invest the same amount of time and energy and practice becoming very skilled and very versatile about thinking about the entirety of this set of things that you might like to do.

As you're getting better at entrepreneurship for example, or getting better at communication, or leadership, you can either focus on the narrow and the super practical, but not very versatile. Or you can just take one step higher than that and learn things that are going to be useful for the rest of your life and the rest of your career. Making that invest has the best long-term return of anything that I can think of.

[0:11:15.0] MB: I truly believe that studying mental models is one of, if not, the most high-leverage activities that anyone can participate in.

[0:11:22.5] JK: Yeah, absolutely agreed.

[0:11:24.1] MB: One of the other really important components of mental models that Munger talks about and I think Personal MBA is a great example of as well is the importance of having a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the world. I'd love to hear your thoughts on that.

[0:11:39.6] JK: Yeah. It's very easy for us in all – whatever industry or market or discipline you happen to know a lot about. It's very easy to have to narrow a focus. For example, if you're a doctor, or an architect, or a programmer, or think of any professional skill that you would use on a day-in day-out basis, the easiest thing to do is to just focus on learning more about that thing. Yeah, to a certain extent, developing deep expertise in the topic that you used to create and provide value to other people is a good use of your time. Focusing on that area exclusively to the abandonment of everything else that you're going to interact with on a daily basis, that is a very sub-optimal approach.

Learning just a little bit and it doesn't have to be deep expertise, but learning a little bit about business and how businesses work, learning psychology, so communication and personal productivity and all of the things about how to interact in a positive, productive way with other people, you can get enormous benefits from that. Understanding systems, what systems are, how they work, how to look at the systems that are active in your life or in your field or discipline and be able to analyze and improve them over a long period of time; that's a tremendous asset that will serve you well no matter what you do in your career.

It's very common to see people who at the beginning of their career go very deep on one particular discipline to the exclusion of everything else. Then they decide for whatever reason, maybe it's a change of heart, or a desire to enter another field. Maybe it's a layoff. Some unexpected event happens and you're no longer in that field anymore, or you want to explore something else for a while.

Undervaluing versatility and being able to operate well in different environments whatever those environments might be, that versatility is a very real asset. You have options that other people won't have and you will see opportunities that other people won't see. Training yourself to think about what you do in a multidisciplinary way, bringing together your skill and business and people and systems and thinking about all of that at once and having the tools to think about all of the various interplays between those topics in your particular field, that gives you an enormous advantage.

[0:13:53.6] MB: You mentioned psychology in many ways. That's why our show has such a focus on psychology, because and I think Munger is probably the one who showed me this, the mental models from psychology are so relevant. It seems almost esoteric or 20,000 foot, or too big picture to be studying or thinking about all these obscure cognitive biases, or things that cause humans to behave in certain ways or do goofy things. The reality is that the mental models from psychology are so relevant, because they apply in everything you do in every single interaction that you have.

[0:14:26.8] JK: Absolutely. Yeah. If you're marketing and you don't understand what social proof is and why it's important and how it's potentially useful and how it can be abused, you're going to have a tremendous disadvantage when it comes to figuring out how to market in a way that's going to work. In the same way, selling things, if you don't know how authority works, you're going to have a really hard time.

The nice thing about these particular ideas, entire books have been written on most of them, but really the parts of the mental model that carry most of the weight is the idea and why it is that way and how to think about applying it to real life situations. If you understand that, you're going to be able to use that to think through whatever it is that you happen to be facing right now.

[0:15:08.9] MB: Are there any mental models that you frequently either find yourself applying, or constantly referencing, or even that you think are vital for people to understand and internalize?

[0:15:19.6] JK: Yeah. There are a couple. In The Personal MBA, these are the more framework or checklist these sorts of mental models. There's one that I use all the time and I've used this everything from having a conversation with a friend about this idea that they want to explore, all the way up to conversations with C-level executives about setting their corporate strategy for the next five to 10 years.

I call it the five parts of every business and it’s really simple. Every business creates something of value, so that's value creation. They get the attention of prospects, so people who might want it, that's marketing. They convince those prospects that this is something worth paying money for, which is sales. They deliver the value that they've promised to their paying customers, which is value delivery, and then they analyze their efforts. For value creation and marketing and value delivery, typically the business is spending money, so you need to track how much you're spending.

In sales, that's the magical point in the business where money flows in, you need to pay attention to how much. Then you analyze how much is coming in versus how much is going out and you answer two very fundamental questions; A, is more money coming in than going out? Because if not, you're in trouble. B, is it enough? Is it enough to make this business an ongoing, sustainable concern long-term? That's the essence of finance.

Just that framework of five ideas; value creation, marketing, sales, value delivery and finance, gives you a tremendous amount of leverage when it comes to both evaluating new business opportunities and analyzing existing businesses. You can take any business in the world and try to figure out okay, how does this business fulfill this critical function that every business must have?

You can use it to do everything from create a new business plan to look through some of the public records for publicly traded company. You can do the same analysis. How are they creating value? How are they spreading the word? How are they selling? How are they delivering? Then what do the financials look like?

As a general purpose framework, it's the smallest possible set of things that you need to think about when you're thinking about a business in any way, shape or form. It's a really handy tool to have when new opportunities make themselves known to you. There are some similar things, so on the finance side. A lot of conversations that I have with business type folks is around well, I want to make more money. How can we bring in more revenue than we are right now?

It helps that when you dig through the literature, there are really only four ways to do that. I call this in a very straightforward way, the four methods to increase revenue, because that's what they are. The four things that you can do is you can increase the number of customers, so more people in the door. You can increase the average transaction size. Get the people who are buying to buy more in each instance that they're buying. You can increase the frequency of transactions per customer. Get your customers to buy more often than they are right now, or you can raise your prices. Those are the four options that you have open to you.

It might look very different in terms of how individual businesses in different markets actually do these things. When it comes down to it, if you want to make more money, those four things are the things that you need to think about. It's a very handy checklist of I know the outcome I want. I'm not exactly sure how to get there yet, so let's go back to these four fundamental approaches and just generate some ideas of how we might apply those tools in this particular circumstance.

[0:18:39.7] MB: You mentioned checklist a couple times, which I think is also a really great way as you're beginning your journey into understanding mental models, even if you haven't internalized, or deeply thought about, or studied the huge array of them, you can often find just googling checklist of mental models, or even finding mental models for specific activities is a great way to when you're encountering a particular problem, let's say with sales, right, is a good example. You can run through a checklist of some of these models and say, “Oh, does this one apply? Does this one apply? Etc.

[0:19:10.2] JK: Yeah, exactly. Checklists are a great example of there's a meta-concept on top of checklist, which is standard operating procedure. In this type of situation, how are we going about solving this thing, or analyzing this thing in the moment? Checklists are really great for things that you do over and over and over again that you know what approach or process should be. I'm sure you have a checklist every time before you record one of these episodes of I need to turn on my microphone and put on my headphones.

For me, I turn off the heat and air conditioner, so there's not a low-pitch rumble in the background that the mic is going to pick up. Setting phones to silent. All of those things that you would need to do, a checklist just helps you – instead of in the moment having to remember to do all of these things and very often, our memories are imperfect, or we're in a hurry so some critical things are skipped. A checklist is just a way of getting that process out of your head onto paper in a way that lets you go through and just say, “Yup. Done, done, done, done, done. Okay, ready to go.”

There are all sorts of different industries that use checklists to really great effect. Every time a commercial, or shoot even individual pilot takes off, taxis to the runway to fly an airplane, they go through a pre-flight checklist and there's a really good reason for that. It helps make sure that the flight is going to go according to plan and that the aircraft is in good condition and ready to take off and then the pilot knows what they need to do in order to get the airplane off the ground and then back on the ground safely.

[0:20:40.8] MB: Without going too deep down the checklist rabbit hole, obviously Atul Gawande’s book is a great resource on that. It's funny, because people also think, “Oh, I don't need a checklist. I've got it down. I don't need to look at one.” Even people who are high-level and obviously checklist manifesto has some great examples of this, but there's so much research around the medical establishment and the inclusion of bare-bones, extremely basic checklist for things like washing your hands over time have a tremendous impact on infection rates and even mortality in hospitals.

[0:21:12.2] JK: Yeah, that's one of my favorite examples. I think the study if I'm remembering right, was done at a hospital in Detroit. One of the big problems that they were having is when an IV is inserted into a patient, the site where the IV tube is inserted, you obviously use a needle for that and there's a tube sticking out of your arm. The longer that tube stays in, the higher the probability that that line will become infected over time.

This hospital was just having atrocious problems with over the course of, I think it was 10 days. There were a high number of people whose IV lines were getting infected. They established a – I think it was a five-step checklist. The steps were very simple. Step one was wash hands with soap. You hope that you don't need to remind the doctor to do this before, but it was on the checklist and a lot of doctors didn't like that.

I think step two was clean the site with antiseptic, put sterile drapes over, wear gloves and put a dressing over the IV insertion site after it was in. Really simple, not even Medicine 101, like common-sense things. The doctors when they were like, “Okay, we're doing a study. Everybody has to follow the checklist.” The nurses were empowered to stop the doctor and make them follow the checklist if they weren't following the checklist, which doesn't happen very often.

The doctors nearly revolted, but eventually they said, “Okay, we're going to do this for the study.” I actually just looked it up. By using this five-step checklist, the 10-day IV line infection rate dropped from 11% hospital-wide to 0% and it saved the hospital over two million dollars in medical costs, just for using this very simple, very straightforward common-sense checklist.

[0:22:58.8] MB: That's amazing. I'm so glad you looked up the numbers, because it shows you that even very smart, highly capable people who's – we're getting into some other mental models, but whose ego can sometimes get in the way of following these instructions that they feel are even too basic, or too simple for them, create – in 10 days, created a two million dollar shift and a massive reduction in infections.

[0:23:20.6] JK: Sure. Or even think of an ER doctor. Someone comes into the operating room about to die, there's a lot going on. It's really easy to skip a step, or forget to do something when there is chaos all around you. Just having in the midst of that chaos, having some systems and having some procedures to follow, even basic checklist like these, they make a world of difference.

[0:23:45.0] MB: For somebody who's listening to this conversation and they say, “Okay, I'm sold on mental models. That's starting to make sense to me.” What would you recommend as a beginning point to start down that path of really understanding, learning and beginning to implement mental models into your life?

[0:24:00.8] JK: Yeah. The two resources that I would recommend – actually three. The personal MBA was essentially written as a central repository of mental models, specifically for business and management. If you're interested in starting a company, or you’re in your career now and you want to get better and improve your business skills regardless of what you do for a living; Personal MBA was written specifically for that purpose.

There's also a really wonderful speech by Charlie Munger that he gave many, many years ago, where he talked about essentially his high-level rough cut of the mental models that he thinks about, which has some overlap with The Personal MBA, but also quite a bit if you are interested in investing as a topic. Munger is definitely an investor by experience and by trade, and so his application focuses way more on the investing side of things than Personal MBA.

Also, Shane Parrish from Farnam Street has a wonderful post that he is continuously updating on all of the different models and he is crossing both; business management, decision-making and investment. If you're going to look at three resources, those are the three to look at first.

[0:25:10.3] MB: Great, great list of resources. Shane's a previous guests on the show, so we'll make sure to include his episode where we also go deep into mental models in the show notes and the speech. I don't know if it's exactly the one you're referencing or not, but there's one where Munger shares the 27 mental models from psychology that have been really impactful for him. I've probably watched that YouTube video over a hundred times. I would just watch it on repeat again and again and again, until I had drilled and distilled every single one of those biases, those cognitive biases into my head and I had a really good understanding of all of them.

[0:25:43.0] JK: Yeah. The speech that I'm thinking of is a lesson on elementary worldly wisdom as it relates to investment management and business. It's a wonderful, wonderful speech. It was to the USC Business School in 1994.

[0:25:58.0] MB: Well, we'll make sure to throw that one in the show notes as well. Munger obviously, I could sing his praises all day. You have so much other work. I mean, mental models is incredibly vital and important topic, but I want to explore some of the other themes and ideas that you've previously researched and written about. One of the other ones that has come up with previously on the show that I think you have a really unique take on is the 10,000 hour rule, which is a convenient example of to some degree a mental model, right? I'd be very curious for you to share with the listeners why, or what people often misunderstand, or get wrong about the 10,000 hour rule.

[0:26:36.4] JK: Sure. One of the things that I think about a lot and is one of the newer models that I see coming up over and over again, and I wrote a post on this a while back. I call it status malfunction. When something is very flashy or high status in some way, shape or form, so imagine everything around celebrity culture, or following executives of large companies, people, billionaires, things like that. The higher status something is, the more people tend to both pay attention and wait that particular source of information, or advice, or perspective.

I think that that can very often lead to us allocating our attention and waiting certain factors way more highly than we should. What's interesting about the 10,000 hour rule, everybody – it seems like everybody has heard of this, came out of Malcolm Gladwell's book, The Tipping Point, based in large part on the research of K. Anders Ericsson of I think it was Florida State University. In general, the 10,000 hour rule as paraphrased by Gladwell is top performers in ultra-competitive industries, so think professional sports, think chess grandmasters, violinists at super prestigious – in super prestigious orchestras, things like that. How much practice did it take for them to get to that point?

The answer was to a general order of magnitude, 10,000 hours over the course of about 10 years. In as far as the research is concerned, that's great. If you want to be a top performer in an ultra-competitive field, that's probably what you should expect in terms of the effort you're going to need to invest to get to the top.

I was really interested in this as an example potentially of status malfunction. Most of the time when we go about deciding to learn something new, the motivating factor is not, “I am going to demonstrably become the best in the world at this particular thing. No one can stop me. Ha, ha, ha, ha.” It's we want to learn a skill, either for our own practical use, maybe we have a use for it in our professional life, or in our personal life. Or maybe we're interested in it for fun. This sounds something new and engaging and interesting to explore, so I want to figure out what this is about and if this is right for me.

What I was noticing as the 10,000 hour rule became more and more popular, I was noticing a lot of people would use it as an excuse for not getting started in the first place. Like, “Oh, I would really like to learn how to play the piano,” to take a random example, “but I just don't have 10,000 hours to invest, so I'm just not going to get started.” That really bothered me, because I think that it was applying the wrong standard to a situation to which it just didn't apply.

Part of what I was trying to do is figure out okay, let's constrain it to the common problem. You want to learn how to do something new and potentially something that you have absolutely zero knowledge or expertise about. What does the process look like from going from nothing, to being pretty good, like demonstrably much better than you were when you began? What does that process look like, to go from nothing to really good?

I decided to start researching that directly. It turns out, there's an enormous amount of research, including one of the longest-standing effects in all of cognitive psychology. It's called the law of practice, which basically says that when you start practicing, you tend to improve at an extremely rapid rate. Those early hours of practice are the most effective in terms of skill building. I started doing a lot of research and experimentation around testing this particular hypothesis and that research turned into my second book, The First 20 Hours, which was about the process of deciding to learn something new and then approaching that in a systematic way in order to make those early hours of practice as efficient and effective as you possibly can make them.

[0:30:33.8] MB: I really enjoyed, for listeners who want to go deeper on this, Josh has a wonderful TED talk, where he shares – where you share your own experience with learning the ukulele, which I thought. The end of the TED talk was phenomenal. I really enjoyed it.

[0:30:48.2] JK: It was such a fun talk.

[0:30:49.6] MB: We’ll leave the listeners to be surprised about what happens. In that talk, you – and obviously in the book as well, you break down a really simple but useful framework for thinking about how do we practice intelligently and make use of those first 20 hours, so that we can rapidly learn new skills.

[0:31:09.0] JK: Yeah, that's right. The framework is just like the hospital checklist that we were talking about earlier. It sounds very simple, but following the checklist makes it much more likely that not only are you going to make progress, but the process is going to be both effective and not as frustrating as it otherwise might be. Because one universal about learning new skills is that when we try to learn something new, the early hours of practice are always the most frustrating.

Anything that we can do to tune down that frustration is very much win. The general process is step one, decide what you want to be able to do, which is the part just like step one, wash your hands with soap, is something that you would expect nobody would skip over, but it happens more often than you would expect. A lot of times, we just have these vague notions of I would like to play the piano, to use the earlier example. I would like to speak Italian. These very general, ambiguous, sometimes very lofty things that are very nonspecific and ill-defined.

The first step is to force yourself to become more clear and more specific about exactly what you want to be able to do. What does that look like? How are you going to know when you have reached that particular level of skill? Once you've decided on that – the second is to deconstruct the skill into smaller sub-skills.

The idea here is that many of the things we think of as skills aren't just one thing, they're actually bundles of smaller sub-skills, and all of them may have very little to do with each other. A good easy to visualize example is playing golf. I want to be good at playing golf is not very specific, because when you look at what you need to do to drive the ball off the green with the big driver club – I'm not a golfer, so apologies to anybody if I'm getting my terminology wrong. Driving off of the tee, versus putting the ball into the hole on the green are two very different skills. You practice them in different ways. There are different approaches to getting better at those particular sub-skills.

Instead of trying to practice golf, you can say, “I'm going to practice driving this week and here's what it's going to look like, here's how I'm going to know I'm getting better at it.” Assign some criteria to it. It's way more effective that way. Then the earlier part, this is step three, is learning enough about each sub-skill to self-correct during practice.

One of the things, essentially a subtle form of procrastination that I am particularly prone to is wanting to over research before you jump into trying to do the thing. The more you can do enough research to self-correct, to know when it's not going the way that you want it to or needed to, to be able to take a step back and say, “Okay, this isn't working. I need to go back and I need to try a different approach.”

An interesting, practical use of – my daughter Lila is learning to play the piano right now, and so the particular method that she's using actually has her listening to all of the songs that she is trying to play many times a day before she tries to play them. As she's playing and she makes a mistake, she's able to instantly recognize that she's made a mistake. Go back and try it again. That loop of being able to recognize something didn't go right and then go back and self-correct is how you make the practice itself more efficient.

Step four is removing barriers to practice. Those barriers can be physical, mental or emotional. Sometimes, I think the example I use in the book is if you're trying to learn how to play the guitar and the guitar is in its case in the back of a closet on the other side of your house, there's a physical barrier to you doing the thing that you want to do. Get it out of the case, put it on a stand right next to your favorite chair, or your desk, or wherever you tend to frequent. Then deciding to practice is just a matter of reaching out and picking it up.

The same goes for mental and emotional barriers. Anything is holding you back, identifying what those barriers are and get rid of them as much as possible. Then the last step, which is where the title The First 20 Hours comes from is to pre-commit to practicing the most important sub-skills for at least 20 hours. That pre-commitment is the important bet. It serves two purposes; A, if you're not willing to pre-commit at least 20 hours of practice, which for visualization is about 40 minutes a day for about a month. If you're not willing to make that pre-commitment, it's probably a sign that this particular skill just doesn't have enough value or benefit to you in order to keep going.

You're far better off investing that time and effort in something that is going to give you enough benefit. It'll be way easier to practice that way. Then the 20 hour pre-commitment solves the problem of the early frustration. It's much easier to say to yourself when you start and you're terrible, because you probably will be, to say to yourself, “Okay, I'm not good at this. This is frustrating. I'm going to be terrible and frustrated for at least 20 hours. Then after that point, I have permission to stop, but I'm not going to stop until I've invested at least as that much time into the skill that I have decided is important to me.”

From a psychological standpoint, it really helps with should I continue, or should I not continue decision. You've already made that decision. What happens in practice is the first, anywhere between three to five, six hours are very frustrating and then you start to get better. Then those later hours of practice are way more effective and very beneficial, because you've gotten over that initial frustration barrier.

After the 20-hour mark, you will be much, much better than you were than at the beginning and you'll be in a much better position to figure out, “Should I continue investing in the skill, or is this something that I am good enough based on my purposes and I can move on and learn something else?”

[0:36:44.7] MB: One of the ways that you framed this entire process, which I think is a great and really actionable framework for learning anything is that the major barriers to learning aren't intellectual, they're emotional.

[0:36:57.4] JK: Absolutely.

[0:36:58.3] MB: I think that's a critical thing for listeners to understand is that it's not about the – I mean, it is in some ways, but it's not necessarily the lack of knowledge isn't what's going to stop you. It's the emotional components of the challenge of learning these new skills.

[0:37:12.8] JK: Yeah. I think the two places where that shows up most, you'll often and maybe you can think back to a point in your life where you've tried something and you spend maybe 10 minutes on it and it's like, “I'm just not good at whatever the thing is.” That's not a rational cognitive assessment. That's an emotional reaction to you having an image in your mind of what you want to be able to do and the reality of where you're starting in terms of this particular skill.

Just learning to diffuse that, I'm not good at X, into okay, the early hours of doing anything are frustrating. That's expected, and so I'm going to push through that to get what I want, is a very constructive way of approaching it. The other thing that adult learners tend to have a really difficult time with is comparing their performance versus the skill level demonstrated by other people. This happens in drawing and art a lot.

You go online and you just see these amazing pieces that are created by other people. Then you go to do it yourself and you're barely on the level of stick figure doodles. The gulf between I want to be able to do this really highly developed thing and where you start is often very wide. The best thing that you can do for yourself is to say that early in this process, your job is not to compare yourself against other people, your job is to compare yourself after the process to what you were able to do before the process. If you're going to compete with anyone, compete with yourself and judge your process based on how far you've come based on the investment that you've made.

[0:38:48.8] MB: In many ways and it's almost a cliché life lesson, right? That you should always compete with yourself and not with others.

[0:38:56.4] JK: Yeah. I think there are times and places for competition. I think we tend to over compare ourselves versus other people and anything that we can do to rein that back in and really focus on what do you want to be able to accomplish? What does that look like? How do you need to develop and how are you going to go about developing in the ways that are important to you?

The more you focus on your own sense of development and worry less about what other people are doing, generally I think the more you get done and the more mentally and emotionally happy and well-adjusted you are.

[0:39:30.2] MB: You know the excitement you get when you have a package come in the mail? I always love seeing a big box with my name on it and ripping it open to find out what treasures are inside. That's why I love getting hooked up with a box of awesome from our amazing host, Bespoke Post every month.

They're out there scouting for quality and unique products to send to me. Now you can experience it too at boxofawesome.com. I recently got an incredible weekender bag and an amazing Dopp kit with all kinds of goodies. They have some really, really cool curated stuff.

You can get started by visiting boxofawesome.com and answering a few short questions that will help them get a feel for the boxes that will best go with your style in your life. Whether you're in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, or jet-setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time.

Each box goes for under $50, but has more than $70 worth of unique gear waiting inside it for you. The first of each month, you'll receive an e-mail with your box details. You have five days to change colors and sizes, add extra goodies, etc. If you're not feeling that month's box, you can just skip it. From barrel-aging kits to limited edition cigars, weekender bags and classy Dopp kits, Bespoke Post offers essential goods and guidance for the modern man.

To receive 20% off of your first subscription box, go to boxofawesome.com and enter the code Success at checkout. That's boxofawesome.com, code Success for 20% off your first box. That's boxofawesome.com, code Success for 20% off your first box.

I want to again thank Bespoke Post, themed boxes for guys that give a damn for hosting this episode of the Science of Success.

[0:41:26.7] MB: I want to segue and talk a little bit about How to Fight a Hydra. What inspired you, because obviously a little bit different than your other books, what inspired you to write that and to put it into the narrative frame that you wrapped it around?

[0:41:41.5] JK: How to Fight a Hydra is a story about ambition and uncertainty, risk and fear of the unknown. It's in a narrative story format, which is brand-new for me. I've never written any fiction before. It came out of a couple things. The first is that it came out of some of the responses that I was getting to both Personal MBA and First 20 Hours.

On The Personal MBA side, it was things like, I have this business idea but I'm not sure if it's going to work. Can you tell me it's going to work before I invest all of this time and energy in this particular business idea? Or I want to switch industries, but I'm not sure it's a good idea. Can you please provide me some assurance that I'm on the right track? Or in The First 20 Hour sense, I really want to learn this thing and I want to get to a certain level of skill, but I'm not quite sure if I'm going to be able to get there. Is this a good idea? Should I invest my time and energy in this way?

There's this persistent undercurrent of fear and anxiety and risk of if you're starting a business, or investing your time and learning something new, there's a genuine chance that you might not get what you want, or it might not turn out the way that you want it to turn out. Many times, the risk or the fear of the unknown, not knowing what the process is going to look like, not knowing if the rewards are going to be worth it, or if in a very real sense if there are going to be any rewards at all, this is something that humans have struggled with for thousands of years. It's that uncertainty and ambiguity and variability and complexity are features of the world that we struggle with on a daily basis. We would like to be guaranteed of outcomes before we invest.

How to Fight a Hydra is a head-on examination of those very real features of reality. How do we choose to invest in something that we know is going to be difficult from the beginning? Or that we don't know if it's going to be as rewarding as we might want it to be? When you look at the people who accomplish great things and who develop high levels of skill and are able to make their lives into what they make it, you see a lot of people who choose to take on risks and choose to pursue things, knowing full well from the beginning that it's going to be difficult and not everything is going to work and they're going to need to adjust as they go.

All of this was just rattling around in my mind for several years. Part of the challenge in writing about things like uncertainty and risk and variability and complexity and fear of the unknown is if you approach it from a research-based, nonfiction standpoint and you cite a lot of studies, you very quickly start writing a book that nobody wants to read, because the reality of these effects in our daily lives is uncomfortable enough. Reading about it and reinforcing it is very uncomfortable.

That's when I started examining what would it look like to show someone who is doing this in an interesting and fun universal thing that the people could relate to? I started writing a story about someone who sets off to fight a mythical monster. Instead of citing research and studies, it's telling the story and showing the process of a person who decides to do something difficult that they're probably not capable of when they set out for. The story involves watching that person deal with these very mundane, everyday difficulties in a particularly skillful way.

You watch them practice to get better. You watch them recognize challenges and then prepare to face them. You watch them deal with things that don't go the way that they expect to. Then you watch them as they deal with some of the difficulties of and self-doubts of am I doing the right thing? Is this worth it? What is the result of this going to be?

The goal with How to Fight a Hydra is hopefully A, telling an interesting and engaging story, but then also being able to communicate some things about how to deal with these universal human difficulties in a skillful way that you can apply to your own life and help you reexamine how you think about things like uncertainty and risk.

[0:45:43.8] MB: Where do most people go wrong with their approach to uncertainty?

[0:45:47.8] JK: That's a really good question. I think the base way to answer that is most people wish uncertainty would go away. They think that if the uncertainty is still there, that means that they're doing something wrong and that something needs to change, or that it's a sign that they shouldn't be doing this thing that they're doing right now and they should do something else.

This is where you'll read stories of entrepreneurs, or people who have created great works of art, or movements, or whatever. There's always a period where this person is toiling away in obscurity doing something weird that nobody else understands. I think there's just really grokking down to the marrow of your bones that the uncertainty is always going to be there. It's never going to go away and that's not a problem. It's actually just part of how the universe works and is something that you can think about and prepare as much as you can.

What you think might happen, you can prepare accordingly. You can do scenarios, you can improve your skills to be more flexible, versatile, able to handle unexpected things as they come up. You can do that. There’s still going to be an element of uncertainty and that's okay. That's not a problem to solve.

The problem to solve is you have something that you want to do. You have a direction you want to go, so your energy and mental and emotional capacity is much better served trying to figure out what the next step is to get closer to that.

[0:47:14.1] MB: I also think it's really interesting and something you casually tossed out, but a very important point that the focus of How to Fight a Hydra is about – it's not about telling people what to do, but rather showing them what to do.

[0:47:27.6] JK: Yeah, totally. I think that's one of the things that I really like. This goes all the way back to the ancient myths from all of the traditions that we have that have been passed down to us over centuries and thousands and thousands of years in some cases, is watching somebody make a particular set of decisions and then seeing how that affects them.

I think a really unique thing that fiction can do that is really difficult in nonfiction is that you can step into somebody's shoes and walk with them for a while, and both see what they're doing and how they're thinking in some cases. Then just be able to internalize it more as a lived-experience, and less as a here's a list of things that I learned about how to deal with fear of the unknown today. It enters and sticks in your brain in a much different way and in a way that for this particular project, I really like.

[0:48:18.4] MB: I think it was a great approach. I get a lot of similar e-mails and questions from listeners and I'd never thought about it the way that you phrased it earlier in the conversation, but I think it's so important to realize that uncertainty never goes away and you have to become at peace with it, or accept it, or just operate and live in a world where uncertainty is just a part of the equation, to really achieve any meaningful results.

[0:48:43.8] JK: Now that was one of the most interesting things that I didn't really expect. I was doing business advising and consulting around the time that Personal MBA was published. Had a lot of questions of like, “I'm thinking about doing this. Is it going to work?” My response was always the same like, “I can't tell you whether or not it's going to work. The reality is going to show us very quickly whether or not this is the right direction.”

The biggest thing is let's figure out what you're trying to do and the approach you're trying to take and the actions you're going to take. Then we'll figure out how to assess if you're going in the right direction as you go. No honest adviser can tell you 100% it's going to work or not work before you do it. You just have to try.

[0:49:23.0] MB: In a weird way and I don't want to digress down this path too much, and I think it was largely a fluke of my life, but I'm a big poker player and I think poker is a tremendous framework for teaching you that the world is very uncertain and that no result is ever guaranteed. I think in many ways, that helped me personally shape and understand a very different relationship to risk than most people have.

[0:49:45.0] JK: Oh, yeah. You can have the best odds on a hand that you can imagine and you can still lose. Yeah, just figuring out and also figuring out is the situation that I'm currently in, are the odds in my favor, or are there things that I can do to make the odds more in my favor? Those are all very constructive lines of thought when dealing with something like uncertainty.

[0:50:06.2] MB: For listeners who want to concretely implement some of the ideas and themes that we've talked about today, what would be one thing that you would give them as an action step to start implementing any of the concepts that we discussed today?

[0:50:21.8] JK: Going back to our conversation of mental models, do some research and do some reading and learning specifically around this particular concept and start metaphorically speaking, filling the toolbox with as many different ideas from as many different disciplines as you possibly can. A practical way to do that is to – whatever your discipline, or industry or market is, choose to read or listen to something that is dramatically outside of your area of expertise.

If you are an architect, try to read something about cognitive psychology, or engineering systems design. Just try to broaden your intellectual landscape as much as you can and pay attention and pick out tools or ideas that look particularly useful to you. The other thing on the practical approach is going back to our conversation of First 20 Hours. This is a particularly good thing to do planning for the upcoming year, really to try to think of if you are going to invest 20 hours in learning how to do something that you would – either would be personally fulfilling to you, or something that would be super handy to have in your business and maybe it's directly related to your set of skills, maybe it's a complementary skill, something that would serve you well in your particular area of expertise.

Really try to think about if you invested 30 to 40 minutes a day for a month, what would you invest it in? What would you focus on first and why? What is the benefit and what would that look like when you were able to perform at the level that you desire? Really try to figure out, is this worth me committing 20 hours of practice in?

I think that every single person that I have heard who has come across the 20-hour technique and has actually invested it has not regretted that investment. You learn and grow so much more than you expect you would in that very short constrained period of time. If you've never done self-improvement investment like that, I would highly, highly recommend it.

[0:52:21.1] MB: I think it's really important to underscore in that second piece of homework that you have to get really clear, right? That was the first major piece of the framework for learning any skill. Yet, I feel so many people don't get as specific as they need to be when they're thinking about learning, or determining really what the highest and best skill to be focusing on would be.

[0:52:42.2] JK: Yeah. There's a framework that I really like for that. It's called PICS, P-I-C-S, which stands for Positive Immediate Concrete and Specific. Positive is something you want to do, so not something like I want to stop doing X. You're describing something you're moving towards. Immediate is right now, so what does it look like for you to do this right now? Concrete is you're able to describe it in terms that you can recognize in the real world, not abstract notions like get better at, or be best at. Then specific, a lot of detail around what exactly it looks like to perform at the threshold you want.

If you're thinking about things that you might want to do, that's a really simple way to make it way easier for your brain to be able to figure out how to get that thing that you've decided you want.

[0:53:28.0] MB: Josh, for listeners who want to find you and your work online, who want to dig into more of what we've talked about today, what would be the best place for them to do that?

[0:53:36.6] JK: Yeah, the best place to find me is at joshkaufman.net. From there, you can find links to all of my writing, as well as all of my books; links to Personal MBA, First 20 Hours and How to Fight a Hydra.

[0:53:47.7] MB: Well Josh, thank you so much for coming on the show. As I said at the beginning, tremendous fan of your thinking and your writing and it's been an honor to have you on here today.

[0:53:56.7] JK: Matt, it's been a pleasure. Thanks so much. It's been fun.

[0:53:59.2] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week.

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend, either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success.

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top.

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.

March 07, 2019 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
Jon_Vroman-01.png

Find Your Purpose In Life When You’re Lost, Confused, and Uncertain - Lessons from Death’s Door with Jon Vroman

February 28, 2019 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity, Influence & Communication

In this episode we discuss how to find your purpose in life, especially when you’re lost or confused about what to do next. We hear some incredible stories and unforgettable lessons from people who are fighting through life threatening illnesses, and look at how to really push yourself beyond what you thought was possible to achieve what truly matters to you, all of this and much more with our guest Jon Vroman. 

Jon Vroman is the co-founder of The Front Row Foundation, a charity that creates unforgettable moments for individuals who are braving life-threatening illnesses. Jon teaches others to “Live Life In The Front Row” through teaching and inspiring others with the Art of Moment Making. He is also an award-winning speaker, podcast host, and multi best-selling author.

  • Learning about living life, from people who are fighting for their lives

  • When you are facing down death - things become super clear. A lot of things that we used to worry about seem to fade into the background

  • Why one woman was happy that people looked at her with disgust when she was going through her chemo treatment

  • Your life is going to end. The ride is going to come to an end. How does that shape and change your thinking?

  • When you recognize that there is a finite amount of time, every day counts more, every day matters more because there is a finite end. 

  • When you think about your summer - you have 16 Saturdays - that’s it

  • You have 18 summers with your child before they go off to college

  • There are seasons of life.

  • How do you face the reality of existence, and mortality, with a sense of vibrancy and positive urgency instead of anxiety and fear of death?

  • If we ask powerful questions, we get powerful answers. Questions shape our lives.

  • If we get ask the wrong questions, we get the wrong answers. 

  • You have to manage your mindset. You have to create a positive environment and you have to surround yourself with powerful positive relationships 

  • 3 Key Focuses

    • Mindset

    • Environment

    • Relationships 

  • How do we foster powerful relationships 

  • Action Item: Write down the 8 most important people in your life, then write down that their #1 goal or dream. Do you know it? How can you help THEM achieve it. 

  • 3 Key Values of the Front Row Community

    • Hope

    • Celebration 

    • Presence

  • Hope can powerfully shape your behavior 

  • How good of a listener are you?

  • “Hope is not weakness"

  • Hope is uniting, hope is collaborative, hope brings things to life 

  • When life throws you curve balls, when you get punched in the face - hope brings you through - it creates the power of possibilities 

  • Ask yourself and others “what dreams are making you come alive right now?” If this year was wildly successful for you how would it change your life? 

  • How do you fuel yourself? Why do you want to do what you do?

  • What are your fears?

    1. What are your loves?

  • The power of telling yourself “If you can’t, you must"

  • Purpose relieves pain, and pain often becomes our purpose

  • When your why has heart, your how gets legs. When the why really matters, you will always find a How. You don’t have to know how, you can figure the how out if you have a strong enough why. 

  • How to create real purpose, real fuel in your life - to really push yourself beyond what you thought was possible to achieve what truly matters to you

  •  How do you find your purpose in life, how do you find your “heart?"

  • For someone who doesn’t have it, who is lost or confused, how do they find their heart or their purpose?

  • You have to listen. You have to create space and silence - to listen to yourself and find out what really matters to you. 

  • If your face is buried in Instagram, facebook, podcasts, books, content - constantly consuming - you may be missing the message your body and mind is trying to share with you - you’re missing the silence. You may have missed who you are. You may have missed what you want. 

  • The story of “Hey little man, try again"

  • We often treat other people like we remember them in the past, not as who they’ve become 

  • A real goal is to know how to be appropriate in the moment - the purpose of a goal is to be approrpiate and shape our action in the moment 

  • Being a parent vs being a business person - where does your identity sit? 

  • A family man with a business vs a businessman with a family 

  • How does shame show up in your life? 

  • The ego, the false self, and the true self

  • We are all born our true selves, then society, school, growing up creates shame and pain in our lives and creates a “false self” - you don’t feel cool enough, you start to change who you are as a person because you’re afraid that who are as a person is not enough 

  • When are in around 4th or 5th grade we start to build a protective castle, a boundary, around ourselves to project an image to the world of who we are and how we want to be identified. We want to protect ourselves from other people hurting us. 

  • Being a better parent isn’t about learning to say specific things to your kids, it’s not about practical and logical action steps and items - it’s about awakening and developing yourself

  • Homework: write out the list of your top 8 relationships and write out their dreams, do something once a month to support their dreams. And follow up. And do it right now. Do it with no expectation of anything in return. 

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybuttonsmall.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

content_AG__Logo_Stacked_Blue_small.jpg

We’re proud to announce that this week’s episode of The Science of Success is brought to you by our partners at Athletic Greens!

Athletic Greens is offering our listeners 
20 FREE TRAVEL PACKS, a $79 value, with your first purchase when you go to www.athleticgreens.com/success.

Start this year off with a new incredibly impactful and easy to maintain healthy habit with Athletic Greens. The fact is, the perfect diet doesn't exist, and ultimately falls short due to a busy lifestyle, travel schedule or restrictive diets. That's why Athletic Greens packs in 75 whole food sourced ingredients and covers you in 5 key areas of health, making it one of the most comprehensive supplements on the market.

Want To Dig In More?! - Here’s The Show Notes, Links, & Research

General

  • Jon’s Website Front Row Factor

  • Jon’s Website Front Row Dads

  • Jon’s Podcast

  • Facebook

  • LinkedIn

Media

  • [Article] Your Life in Weeks By Tim Urban

  • [Article] The Tail End By Tim Urban

  • [Profile] Jocko Willink - Echelon Front

  • [Article] Inc. - “Life isn't as Meaningful in the Cheap Seats” by Entrepreneurs' Organization

  • [Podcast] The Good Dad Project - Making Moments for Your Family with Jon Vroman

  • [Podcast] Becoming Superhuman - The Art of Moment Making w/ Jon Vroman

  • [Podcast] Legends and Losers - 061: How Jon Vroman Built A Movement & A Company At the Same Time

  • [Podcast] Craft of Charisma - The Art of Moment Making – with Jon Vroman

  • [Podcast] Create Your Own Life - 369: Jon Vroman | The Blueprint to Living Your Life in The Front Row

  • [Podcast] Inspired Moments - IM 033: Transform Your Life with the Art of Moment Making | Jon Vroman

Videos

  • Jon’s channel - Jon Vroman Keynote Presentation

  • Emeka Ossai - 😭EMOTIONAL😭How This Best SellIng Author Is Changing Lives | Jon Vroman Front Row Foundation

  • Consolidated Coaching - Special Guest Jon Vroman

Books

  • The Happiness Advantage: How a Positive Brain Fuels Success in Work and Life by Shawn Achor

  • Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives by Nicholas A. Christakis and James H. Fowler

  • The Dream Manager by Matthew Kelly and Patrick Lencioni

  • The ONE Thing: The Surprisingly Simple Truth Behind Extraordinary Results by Gary Keller and Jay Papasan

  • Loveable: Embracing What Is Truest About You, So You Can Truly Embrace Your Life by Kelly Flanagan

  • The Awakened Family: How to Raise Empowered, Resilient, and Conscious Children by Shefali Tsabary Ph.D.

Misc

[Movie] The Shawshank Redemption

Episode Transcript

[00:00:04.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[00:00:11] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success, the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than 3 million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we discuss how to find your purpose in life, especially when you're lost or confused about what to do next. We hear some incredible stories and unforgettable lessons from people who were fighting through life-threatening illnesses and look at how to really push yourself beyond what you thought was possible to achieve what truly matters to you. All of these and much more with our guest, Jon Vroman.

Do you need more time; time for work time, for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life, time to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our email list. It's called How You Can Create Time for the Things That Really Matter in Life. You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the email list at successpodcast.com.

You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our email subscribers. We recently pre-released an episode in an interview to our email subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience. That had tremendous implications, because there is a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first. With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live exclusive interview, just for e-mail subscribers.

There's some amazing stuff that's available only to email subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the email list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. Or, if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44222. That's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222.

In our previous episode, we asked how champions are made. Are they born or are they built? Is nature versus nurture even a useful model for understanding human performance? We looked at the incredible power of focus and how it translates into championship performance. We studied how Navy SEALs use the technique of drownproofing and how you can use the same thing to conquer your own fears and perform like a champion. We discussed all of that and much more with our previous guest, Dr. Rowan Hooper. If you want to learn the truth about world-class performance, listen to our previous episode.

Now for our interview with Jon.

[00:02:55] MB: Today, we have another great guest on the show, Jon Vroman. Jon is the cofounder of The Front Row Foundation, a charity that creates unforgettable moments for individuals who are braving life-threatening illnesses. Jon teaches others to live life in the front row through teaching and inspiring others with the art of moment making. He’s also an award-winning speaker, podcast host and multi-bestselling author.

Jon, welcome back to The Science of Success.

[00:03:20] JV: Hey, guys. Great to be here.

[00:03:21] JV: Well, we’re super excited to have you back on the show, and for listeners who may not be familiar with you or your work or might not have heard your previous interview on Science of Success, I’d love to start out with a core theme that really inspires and flows through all of your work, which is this idea of learning about living life from those who are fighting for their lives.

[00:03:43] JV: Yeah. That been a decade-long study for me and a privilege to be a witness to so many people who are in the fight, and after we started Front Row Foundation back in 2005 and here we are 13 years later. When we wrote the book, The Front Row Factor, we realized there's so much wisdom here from people who are facing death, and this isn’t terminal situations, but when somebody has an illness, a disease, something in their world that's threatening their existence, a lot of things become super clear. A lot of things that we used to make a big deal about seem to no longer be such a burden, and that what’s truly important tends to emerge, and that's what we want to define.

We just had so many opportunities to be in conversation with people that were experiencing that level of focus, and I can actually – I’m a storyteller. That's what I do, is I’ll give you an example of what I mean, because I’m not just speaking in theory, right? We took a woman on an event one time, her name was Nikki, and she was battling breast cancer at the time. We took her and her husband to go see the Dallas Cowboys, and it was in the midst of their Front Row experience. We’re in a limousine. We’re heading to dinner right before the game, and I don't how we got here, but she made a comment that when she walks into public places sometimes people look at her with kind of like a look of disgust, because she has her head shaved or she might be in treatments and she's not looking per se at her best and she says people give her this look.

When she said it, I felt myself getting angry at the people. I felt myself wanting to stand up for her, kind of fight somebody on this and call them out. Right as I'm getting angry she's like, “And that makes me happy,” that they're looking her that way. I was like, “Okay. You caught me. What do you mean it makes you happy? Tell me.”

She said, “Jon, it makes me happy because if they look at me with disgust, it means they have no context to my situation. Certainly they've never battled cancer and they don't know anybody who has, because if they did they would never look at me that way. So I'm happy they don't know this pain.”

When she said that I realized how much room I had to grow as a human, how much I could evolve in the way that I viewed people in my situation and are in entanglement with others, and that type of story showed up time and time again from kids to people that were at the end of their life fighting for their life, but those are the lessons that I've been learning and trying to live myself, trying to be a better human myself and then trying to teach other people what we're hearing and witnessing.

[00:06:16] MB: And I think one of the most important lessons that comes to me out of all the things you’ve taught and written about is this idea that the finite time in our lives in many ways can seem sort of scary and morbid, but if you really think about it, it can create an appreciation for the now and for the moments in our lives.

[00:06:36] JV: 100%? Yeah, it was a little bit of like the moment you realize that – The moment you come to grips with the fact that this is going to end. People don't like that idea at first, like I’ll stand in a room and giving a speech and I’m like, “The one thing we all have in common is that 100 years from now everybody here is dead.” Barring any miracle medical evolution, we’re all gone. This is going to end for everybody. That's a scary thought. I don’t like to think about my sons, my two boys. I have a nine-year-old and a four-year old. I don’t like to think about the end of their life. But when I recognize that there is a finite amount of time, every day counts more because you appreciate it, because it has an end.

So as an example, I remember coming to my buddy, John Cain, one of my best friends in the world, and it was a summer, few summers ago, beginning of the summer, and I said, “Hey buddy, we have 16 weeks this summer, 16 Saturdays with our boys. Let's not waste a single one,” and he was like, “Oh my God. I never thought about that, that in a summertime we get 16 Saturdays.”

Then I had a buddy of mine, Jim Sheils, who wrote a book called The Family Board Meeting, and he talks about 18 summers. When you have a child that is born, you have 18 summers with them before they are an adult and often to the world. Now, I know that my wife fights me on this and she's like, “Our kids are never leaving the house. It’s not just 18. You get many more,” and I get that. It’s just – But when we recognize that there are seasons of life, and there's statistics about how you will spend like 90% of the time with your children before they reach the age of like 12 or something like that, right? It's staggering to think that these are realities that many people do face in their life.

I remember being on an airplane and pulling out a journal and putting a little dot on the left-hand side and a little dot on the right hand side. Left side was my birth, right side was my death, and I thought, “Oh, let’s just say I live to 100, right? Let's take 80 of those years were amazing years. I put a dot right where I was at the time, which is about 37-years-old.” I was like, “Oh my God! That's it. I'm looking at my whole life on a timeline and I'm almost halfway through the great years that I have.” That didn't create a paralyzing feel. That created energy. That created vibrancy, appreciation, an urgency to make sure that I made the most of my moments. It changed the way that I approach my days, and that's what I hope to inspire with other people so that we don't have to face a life-threatening illness to get that wisdom and that lesson.

[00:09:04] MB: How do people wake up? How do they have a reaction of vibrancy and the urgency to live and appreciate and truly experience life instead of being in a place of fear or paranoia?

[00:09:16] JV: I think a lot of it goes back to – Well, three things that we teach in the book, right? These are the three areas of focus of living a front row life as we call it, and one is that it's your mindset. So what you think, and this is not new, right? But it’s good to be reminded of this. I often tell people that personal growth isn’t always about learning something new. It's about remembering what's true. It’s practicing the habits and the rituals and the ideas and the rhythms that actually work, and one of them is the questions that we ask. The questions that we ask shape our future. If we ask powerful questions, we get powerful answers. One of our dominant questions of the charity is how can I consciously create experience and celebrate the meaningful moments of life?

If somebody goes through their day and their dominant question is how can I consciously create experience and celebrate the meaningful moments of life? They're acting differently than if somebody goes through life saying, “What's wrong here? What am I missing? What's not happening in my life that's happening in everybody else's life? Why are they so much further ahead than I am? Why are they on vacation and I'm here slaving away?” We ask the wrong questions and we get the wrong answers.

I didn't make that up. That seems to be every wise person that's traveled the road ahead of me said that about the power of questions. So I think managing our minds, that’s really important. Part of how we manage your mindset is by the environment that we put ourselves in and the relationships that we’re in. If our environment lights us up, we’re bound to behave differently.

Shawn Achor and The Happiness Advantage. He was a Harvard professor and he did a lot of research on happiness, and one of the things he wrote about his book with this 22nd rule where he wanted to learn guitar and he thought, “Well, I never play it, but it's always in my closet. What if I put the guitar in the middle of the room?” The percentage of times that he played the guitar went way through the roof.

What if we shape our environment intentionally in all areas? What if we put things in our way? What would become the chief marketing officers in our own lives? Why do we wait over the world to market to us? Why don’t we market to ourselves? We don't put enough time and attention into where we show up in life. Literally, our environment, we work very hard in the charity that shape people's environment by sending them to these incredible events.

One of the reasons I love going to retreats is because it changes my environment, and there's amazing research on this, right? I literally have studied people, older folks, who they created an environment where they turned back the clock. There’s a famous study I wrote about in the book where they literally put people in an environment where all the magazines, all the pictures in the wall, everything was from 20 years earlier. These are men in their 70s. What they did is they took all the vital signs before the experiment, all the vital signs afterwards and they recognized that, literally, by putting somebody in an environment where they were not only acting like they were younger but they were in an environment that suggested they were younger, that these men, by saliva tests and measuring their height and flexibility and all these other different measurements, they literally changed physically and mentally. They were sharper. Their eyesight improved. Some of their hands got longer because their arthritis diminished. It was incredibly profound about the power of our environment.

Then the other way is by the relationships. I mean, listen, we have such a strong desire to connect with people that when we have somebody that we’re accountable to, when we have somebody that we’re connected to, it changes our world. I mean, the incredible book Connected, written by Christakis and Fowler. That basically proved with science that we’re affected by our relationships. The biggest determining factor of somebody's health and happiness in life is the relationships they have.

So if we want to wake up every day and make the most of our moments, if we want to live life to the fullest, if we want to make the most of our time, we have to focus on those three areas. What's going on inside our head? How are we dictating that conversation? What is our environment look like? Every piece of it that we can manage – Some of your listeners might be like, “Oh, I can't manage my environment right now. I live in this area. I can't move away from this area.” “Okay. Well, manage what you can, and then it’s relationships.” Choosing who we want to be in the front row with, right? Who's in our front row? Whose front row are we in? Who are we connected and close to?” That’s it.

[00:13:11] MB: Tell me more about the power of relationships and creating close connections with people that can help foster accountability and create really meaningful impact in your lives.

[00:13:22] JV: Here’s one of the things that we teach, which is you write out a list of your topic relationships and you rank them in order of importance, one through eight. That’s very hard for some people to wrap their heads around, but you can do it, right? You rank them one through eight. Then what you do is you write down what their biggest dream or goal is. Amazingly, for the eight most important people in your life, a lot of us, me included at many times in my life, I can't tell you what they are. A lot of people are married. They can’t even tell you what their spouse’s number one dream or goal is.

It just goes to show that here's the thing, we spent a lot of time focusing on our own dreams and our own goals and how we can grow, and I get that. Me to, I want it just like everybody else, but the front row philosophy is showing up for others. We have no shortage of attention of the philosophy of get in the game. Play the game. Don't be on the sidelines. We almost like condemn people that are on the sidelines, like, “Oh, you’re on the sideline. Well, I’m in the game. I’m awesome.”

People have challenged overtime. I talk about living life in the front row and they’re like, “Well, I don't want to be in the front row. I want to be the one on stage,” and I’m like, “I get it, man. I'm a professional speaker. I understand the value of being on stage, but let me tell you that that can't be it in life. We can't go through life always wanting to be the one on stage or be the one playing the game. What about supporting others? What about cheering somebody on? What about putting them on stage, making them the rock star?” Both have to play a role, but what we want to do is we want people to say – Zig Ziglar said it best. He was like, “If you want everything you want in like, you got help enough people get what they want in life.” That's the key, right? I probably just butchered how we said it. He probably said it way better than that, but that's basically what he said.

So I think that part of how we nurture these relationships, part of how we build relationships is we show up to serve. We show up to give. Put somebody in the front row, shine the light on them, make them the rock star, and that's living life in the front row. It's a life of service. That's what it is. When you do that, the best fans get the best show. When you do that, you will get the best performance from the people around you. They’ll want to play for you. They’ll want to serve you. They want to play for you because you showed up for them. That's how I think the game works.

[00:15:28] MB: There’re so many avenues that I want to explore coming out of that. To zoom out and come back a little bit, for listeners who may not have been familiar with this term living life in the front row, tell me a little bit more. You started to get into that, but tell me more about what does that mean to live life in the front row.

[00:15:44] JV: Yeah, I’m glad you asked to clarify that. Sometimes I get all fired up and I forget about context. So the charity is Front Row Foundation. We put people in the front row, their favorite event, and then we teach them how to live life in the front row as we say. What that means is living life in the front row is about getting close. It's a metaphor for getting close to the people, places and things that make you come alive that you can show up for. That's what it's about.

Tony Robbins has always that proximity is power. That's the philosophy. What do get close to? So a front row life is where you intentionally and consciously create experience and celebrate the meaningful moments of life. So when I talk about living life in the front row, that's what I'm talking about. I'm talking about somebody who values also three things that we talk about.

Now, I talked about the three areas of focus, of relationships, of mindset, of environment, but the three things that our community values the most is hope, celebration and presence. I like to think of life as like this pendulum that swings from the past to the future. When our pendulum is swinging into the future, we’re thinking about what's next. What's the next call we’ve got to be on? What's the next thing we’re going to do? As we record this, what's going to happen around the holidays? What do we want to create? Where are we going? What's next? That's our future.

When we really have hope for the future, we are able to bring the power of possibility into the present moment so we can do something about it. It's not wishful thinking. This is not weakness. Hope is very powerful, because it creates change, because when we look into the future and we’re excited about something, we know what makes us come alive. We know we want to create. How we want to serve. It can change how we behave in the moment.

People who live life in the front row understand the power of celebration, looking in the past. They understand they can look back and say, “What worked? How can I do that again? What's worth celebrating?” Some people go through life and they achieve so much success, but they never take time to celebrate it and they miss out on that really amazing feeling of looking back on the day and saying, "What am I grateful for? What we’re the highlight moments? What were the wins today?” That’s a huge part of how we feel in the present moment, and there's so much science behind that, right? Talk about Shawn Achor, who we’re talking about earlier. His science behind gratitude and looking back and celebrating wins is huge, massive victories there. In the space of science saying, “How does this affect somebody's chemistry of their body, the chemicals that releases?”

Then it's being in the present moment, like this pendulum, we’re kind of swinging through the present moment. Very hard to be in the moment. Very hard. We can practice it. I mean, even meditation is the practice of coming back to the present moment. You get distracted, you come back to it. They go, “That’s actually meditating. Not standing in the present moment, but the art of coming back to it.”

So being in the present moment is just the ability to not always pull out your phone and take a video or a picture per se, but to just feel it, to be there, to be witness to it, to be in that experience. I think that living life in the front row is understanding the power of those three things, and we have countless examples of that in the charity. You talk about hope, people fighting to stand up for the national anthem at their front row event. Working hard weeks and months prior in their physical therapy so they can stand up for the national anthem. That’s the power of hope, changing how we behave.

People on their on their deathbed literally days away from losing their life, looking back at photo albums with a smile on their face, celebrating their front row moments. Taking the pain away from their present moment because their focus goes elsewhere on the celebration of life and what they've done and experienced. Then this idea of being able to like do something with your moments as its unfolding, as it's happening. How good of a listener are you when someone's talking? It’s a great example. That’s a front row life. That’s a front row skill, listening.

A lot of time in society we put all the value in what you're saying, and it's ironic because I’m doing a lot of talking right now, but normally in my life when I'm not on a podcast interview, I’m focused on listening. I'm actually focused on not saying much, but hearing more, and I think that's a front row life. We have a world where we want to talk and put all these value in the things that you say, the brilliant things you say. How you lead. What about just how you listen to people at times? I think these are ways that we can live a front row life.

[00:20:08] MB: We went pretty deep in our previous interview into celebration and then how to really create celebration in your life. I want to explore a little bit more this idea of hope, and especially I really like the notion that you share, this idea that hope is not weakness.

[00:20:24] JV: That kind of sounds a little light. If you’re like, “Hey, I want to come in and talk to your sales team about hope.” They’re like, “Oh! I much be more interesting in like closing sales,” right? Yeah, it feels a little light.

[00:20:37] JV: So tell me more about why hope isn’t weakness.

[00:20:40] JV: Well, I think that hope changes the way we behave. One of my favorite movies, and I don’t’ remember if we talked about this in the previous interview, but Shawshank Redemption, right? Nobody knows what that's about. It's basically about a man who escapes from prison. An innocent man was put in prison and he finally escapes. The movie to me was about persistence. The movie to me was about being steadfast in your belief that you can see the light at the end of the tunnel, pun intended.

In this movie he gets out. He just suffers and suffers and suffers and your heart is breaking with this character of the movie, and at the end, when he gets out – By the way, I don't know whether or not you’ve seen the movie, but I’m talking to all the people out there who may not have seen the movie. It's like – And as a reminder to those who have, when he gets out, he gets to this one tree and he digs up kind of a treasure that his cellmate had told him about and he starts reading a letter, and one of the things is hope is a good thing. Maybe the best of things and good things never die.

I'll never forget hearing that line in the movie. I'll never forget understanding how hope creates in our world this determination and perseverance and gives us this energy to act, and I think that's the difference, right? It's a way of understanding the power of dreams that people have in their life. One of my friends, Matthew Kelly, who’s a wonderful author, wrote a book, wrote many books, but one of them is called The Dream Manager, and The Dream Manager is all about understanding that as a manager of people, we sometimes underestimate the power of knowing what their dreams are and how their current role and their current job can actually help them to live out their dreams.

So on his team – And he's a consultant and works with big companies all over the world. On his team and what he teaches other people to do is to literally have dream sessions with their teams, where people come to a staff meeting with a list of a hundred dreams and they literally go around the table and you just start with your number one dream and you read it off to the group and you talk about that dream and then you keep going around the table.

What's amazing is that people can actually start to help make other people's dreams come to life, and then now that sales team, that team of nurses, that group of accountants, all of a sudden they find more meaning and purpose in their moments, because they have hope for the future and that they can actually find out how what we're doing today, our team. Why are we together? Why are we working together? It's not just to do these numbers as an accountant, but it's to actually be in relationship with one another. It's actually to understand what each other's hopes and dreams are and to help each other move forward. That this becomes a vessel, that this will work that we do becomes a conduit to our possible future, right? That to me is the magic of hope. Hope is united. Hope is collaborative. Hope brings things to life, but I think that's something that we all need.

I mean, truly, when a company talks about a 10-year vision, or in Japan and overseas, they talk about the hundred year vision that companies are creating. Really, what they're talking about is what they're hopeful for. What do they hope happens within their company? The reason in some ways is hope is because nobody controls the future. I mean, look at most – Most plans become – They become archives immediately, because they literally – We don't know what the future holds for that plan. That's why so many great leaders that I know are like planning beyond like 90 days. Yeah, you could cast a vision. Yeah, you could be helpful for things that you could create, but – I mean, we just don't know what's going to happen. We don't know what's going to happen.

So when life is throwing us curveballs, when we’re getting punched in the face, when we’re in the storm, hope brings us through, because it creates – It's always a possibility. Who doesn't need that? Who doesn't need to overcome adversity? Every business owner, every parent, everybody, there’s not a person on the planet. So on some level this has to be a role in someone's life. This has to be a place. We don't live in the future. I don't live in hope. I just live into it.

[00:25:03] MB: The whole discussion around dreams and goals and the exercise you shared earlier I think is really powerful, which is this idea of writing down the dreams and goals of the people who are closest to you even thinking about people in my own life. It's amazing how it's so easy to overlook that and yet there's such a rich ground for engagement and meaning and relationship building if we just wrote that list down and began with that.

[00:25:29] JV: Yeah. It's so fascinating even for me to think about how I'll teach this and then occasionally I'll go, “Oh! I should probably do what I teach,” and I go, “Oh! I actually need to go back to the basics in my own life.”

One of my favorite questions always is what dreams are making you come alive right now? What are you chasing? What are you hopeful for? Did everything worked out? If this year we’re wildly successful, what would change in your life? Those are the things I want to talk about. That’s much better than what do you do at a party? Asking that question what do you do? It's like, “Hey, what are you excited about right now?” It’s so cool. Let people take it wherever they want.

[00:26:09] MB: I’m definitely going to upgrade my cocktail conversation to use that question.

[00:26:14] JV: Right. Right. Oh! It’s so funny, speaking of that. I remember years ago I was at a networking event of some type or a personal growth conference and I never do this, but I did it in the moment where I said to the woman, I go, “What do you do?” and her response was, “Ugh! I hate that question.” I was like, “Me too! I’m so sorry I asked it.” But she gave me the most direct, brutally, honest response to that question. I thought it was super funny.

[00:26:39] MB: And I think it also underscores – You touched on this earlier, but I think it's worth coming back to and exploring, the importance of showing up to serve others and to put others often times or many times ahead of yourself and how that can really create meaning in our lives and help foster and develop incredibly powerful relationships.

[00:27:00] JV: Yeah. Yeah, it’s true.

[00:27:03] MB: So something else that you’ve talk about the past and you actually talked about it in our previous interview, but we didn't get to go deep on it and I wanted to come back and explore in this conversation is the idea of creating fuel for your life, fuel to really help you move forward and be energized and excited about engaging with the world. I’d love to hear a little bit more about how you think about creating kind of that evergreen fuel or energy for yourself.

[00:27:27] JV: I think fuel is purpose. It's the why behind things. When we started Front Row Foundation, one of the questions that led to the decision to start it was, “What are your fears and what are your loves?” We thought those are two opposite ends of a spectrum that are very important to explore to understand why you want to do something.

So, in our case, one of the things that I love was experiences. I wanted to get to the end of my life and feel like I had made the most of my time, that I didn't just kind of watched the world go by, that I really stepped into it and was a part of it and I was interested in not just being somebody that was letting happen – Letting moments happen to me as much as I was creating those moments with intention. My greatest celebrations at that time were times where I really did something epic and I would tell that story for years. I would have a party at my house and I would really work hard to make sure all my friends had a really good time and I would end up telling that story down the road. We would celebrate that. I thought, “There's something there to life that these experiences over things was very important,” and that's what I would be proud of, is not a life of material possessions that I collected, but experiences that we created.

Then the fear was actually just the opposite of that, which is getting to the end and thinking that I didn't do that. My greatest fear was wasting my life. So if I knew that my greatest fear and my greatest love were very complementary of one another, how could I help people who had a life-threatening illness to have perhaps arguably one of the best days of their life ever and then to let that be a metaphor for how they live every day of their life. It was actually those questions that led us to the start of Front Row Foundation.

In the very beginning we were running an ultramarathon to raise money. Now, is was not a runner. I don't know if we talked about this before, but I'd never run more than 3 miles in my whole life, literally. Never ran track. I was never – I never did it for fun. I never did it for any reason. I never ran more than –Most I ever ran was 3 miles one time with my dad when I think I was like 13 or 14-years-old. I’d never forget, he was so blown away that I actually made it 3 miles. But since then, never ran.

In fact, I had been in sports and had some knee stuff and I used to tell myself, “I’m not a runner. I have knee problems.” My buddy comes to me and says, “Let's run a 52-mile ultramarathon.” I remember laughing. I mean, like, “Dude, you're insane. I've never run 10 miles, 5 miles. You want my first marathon to be 52 miles?” and then he’s like, “Yeah.” I said, “I can’t I got bad knees.” He goes, “If you can't, you must,” and that moment when your friends say something to you and you’re like, “I don't have a good come back for this, but you're right,” like in many ways like I am glad that he challenged me. I loved that idea that if you tell yourself you can't do something, maybe that's the thing you need to go do more than anything to overcome that fear and to push beyond that boundary, that limiting belief of your life. So I reluctantly signed up. Then we started training. Long story short, we ended up doing it. We ended up running 52 miles 16 weeks later, 16 weeks, that's what I trained for, 16 weeks, and it's a much longer story and I wrote about it in the Front Row Factor book, but I will tell you that what hit me during that run, the most valuable lesson I got from the whole thing was that I was in excruciating pain at mile 26. I didn't think I could move my foot another step. I have this really bad pain in my right knee now, which I know is an IT band that was tight. It feels like somebody was stabbing me in my knee every step I took. I was literally on the ground at 26 miles. I was grabbing my leg. I was in tears. I was crying. I’m 30-years- old, I’m on the ground, I’m crying grabbing my leg. I'm in so much pain.

Then I have this thought, I have this thought about this little girl named Sophie who we did an event for. Sophie was four-years-old battling a brain tumor, in and out of surgeries, treatments. We took her to go see Kelly Clarkson. She had an amazing time. Met Kelly Clarkson, pictures hanging like 3 feet from where I stand right now. At her funeral, her mom and dad put her VIP Kelly Clarkson badge around her neck as they buried her. I thought about the fight that this little girl was in. I thought about the pain she endured all the time and I thought about the pain that her parents endured through that journey and still beyond her passing.

Then I thought about this knee pain that I had and all of a sudden it just became in perspective, and I thought about all the people that we had written a letter to and told him that we were going to do this run and they had donated money and they believed in us, and all of a sudden with all that new purpose, the pain started to subside. The pain started to go away. I started to get connected to my purpose of why I was there. So purpose relieves pain, and pain often becomes our purpose.

So I said, “When you're why has heart, your how gets legs, and your, why you do something, why build that business, why teach at that school, why donate to the charity, why host this podcast, why write that book, why do this speech, why take your kids to school, why enroll them in that special school, why move your house to a new neighborhood, why do anything that takes a lot of effort, why do that? When you're clear about that, when your why has real heart, your how gets legs. How you get that done you'll always find a way. You don't have to know how. You have to know why to begin, and then you'll figure out how if you have a big enough reason why.

I'm not the first person to ever say it. I’m the first person to say it that way, when your why has heart, your how gets legs, but this is a concept that I’d heard people talk about and it finally made sense to me. It finally made sense. I've heard people say, “When your why is strong enough, your how reveals itself,” and it just hit me on this run that that's why I needed to move. That if I had a big enough heart, if I could stay connected, if I could hold this image of Sophie, four-years-old, in my mind. If I could hold the image of my donors, if I could hold the image of future recipients of our charity in my mind, that I would then be able to move.

So, reluctantly, I moved another 26 miles, but I did it because I had real purpose and I think that's where we find the fuel, and that’s where we find unending, real fuel. I'm not saying that you can eat garbage food and not sleep, and somehow that there's always fuel there. Now, you got to do the other things too. Yeah, eat your fruits and veggies, drink a lot of water, get some sleep, reduce stress, the bad stress, not the good stress. Those are important pieces, but the heart piece is so critically important to the fuel, that if you are missing that, then you’ve got to go back and ask yourself, “Why am I doing this? What's the real purpose of this? What’s the real purpose of my work?”

Sometimes what you will find is that you just lost your purpose. You don’t even need to change jobs. You just needed to reconnect to what it was, and then other people are like, “Now that I'm digging in, I’m recognizing this actually isn’t what I'm supposed to be doing. I need to be doing something differently,” and they finally find their flow and things click. I feel like I'm still doing that. I mean, even with my new Front Row Dads thing, like professional speaker for 10 years, and all of a sudden to wake up overnight and go, “Wait a minute. That was my calling,” and now my calling is this dad's thing. It’s very different. I’ll still probably do speaking about it, but yeah, I meant to run this front row dad's group. That's a big realization.

What’s funny is sometimes your friends will affirm it. My friends have been telling me, they’re like, “Dude, you’ve done a lot of good things that you’ve aligned with your values, but nothing has been better than Front Row Dads. This is what you were born to do more than anything in the world. This is what you're born to do.” That feels really good. Even just have somebody reflect that back to you to affirm that, and it’s not that I'm doing it for them, but boy, do I hear that, and then I know it's true and I'm like, “You're right. You're totally right. I know that,” and I'm glad you can see it too.

[00:36:00] MB: I want to come back to Front Row Dads in just a second, but before we do, how do we find that purpose without or that heart for someone who doesn't have it, who feels lost or confused. How do they go about beginning that journey?

[00:36:15] JV: A lot of it is silence. I’m such a big fan of silence. People often think it's more about reading something or listening to something. I wrote a book, I read all the time, I host a podcast, I listen to them all the time, but I'm also, as an example, I’ve got a 10-day silent retreat coming up in January in two months. 10 days, no talking, no journaling, no reading, 10 days of pure silence. I think that that's one of the things that we’re missing, is this opportunity to just not hear anything except for what's happening in our heart and in our soul.

Often times, that we’re so busy with things that we don't hear the messages. If your face is buried in Instagram and Facebook, or even on podcasts or in books, if you're buried in that, constantly trying to add something to your life, learn a new quote, or strategy, or actionable idea, if they’re buried in that, you're missing one of the biggest elements, which is silence.

I remember like a year ago I was going through a difficult time in my marriage and one of my buddies was like, “It’s so good to have people that will just call you out and like just be honest with you. I got a lot of people in my life. Thank you. By the way, for all the high-fives and the you rocks and all that, I love it. Thank you, but boy do I crave people, they’re like, “Let me tell you something nobody wants to tell you.” That’s actually to me the most valuable comment.

I had a buddy, it was like, “Dude, one of the problems is you don't know what you want. You got to stop listening to other people. You got to stop asking other people for advice. You got to stop thinking about what's right for your partner. What’s missing is you don't know who you are anymore. You don't know what you want. You don't know what direction you're going, and you need to connect with what you want, who you are, where you want your life to go,” because that's attractive also to other people, certainty. It's the balance of confidence and humility. It’s the best blend. Somebody that's both confident and humble.

Jacko Willink, I’m big fan of. Had a chance to introduce him at an event a month ago. I was talking to him backstage and I was like, “This guy is the perfect blend of confidence and humility in my opinion.” No perfection in the world, of course, but he’s awesome at that. You’d think like he's actually not a bulldozer of a person, and I know people that have been on his SEAL team, and he's not a bulldozer of a person, but he has to know when to say, “This is what we’re doing,” but he also has to know when somebody comes to him and says, “That could be the wrong move,” and then he has to be both confident enough to know when he has to say yes and humble enough to say, “You know what? You're right. I didn't see that. You're right. Let's change.” I think that for a lot of us that's the case.

[00:39:16] MB: Such a great piece of advice, and I get so many emails from listeners who are lost who can't find their purpose who feel like they don't know what they want to do with lives. They don't know which goals they should be pursuing. I think that's a really powerful piece of advice for them.

[00:39:31] JV: Yeah, and I think all the people that have traveled the road before me who have both written and spoken about and shared this into my life, into my heart directly in many different ways, but particularly my buddy Tim who directly said this to me. That was really great wisdom, because it wasn't another book that I needed and it wasn’t another podcast. It was silence. I needed to hear what I already knew to be true, and I just forgot that.

[00:40:03] MB: This episode of The Science of Success is brought to you by our amazing sponsor; Athletic Greens. I've used Athletic Greens for years to make sure that I'm on top of my game. I'm sure you've heard about it from other experts, like Tim Ferriss or even previous Science of Success guest, Michael Gervais.

Athletic Greens is the best of the best all-in-one whole food supplement on the market. Just one scoop of Athletic Greens is the equivalent of 12 servings of fruits and vegetables. It was developed over 10 years by a team of doctors and nutritionists using 75 whole food sourced ingredients. Athletic Greens helps you fuel up with energy, boost your immunity, supports digestion and gut health, helps you manage stress and promote healthy aging and much more. Athletic Greens was kind enough to put together a special deal just for Science of Success listeners. They are giving away 23 travel packs, which is valued at $79 when you make your first purchase.

Start 2019 off right and created epic shifting your health by ordering some Athletic Greens today. You can do that by going to athleticgreens.com/success. That's athleticgreens.com/success to claim your special offer today.

[00:41:23] MB: I want to come back in and spend a little bit of time talking about Front Row Dads and your new initiative. To start out, and I know this isn’t directly related to fatherhood, but in many ways it is. I’d love to hear the story of your son and when he was rockclimbing, and then we’ll have some lessons for everybody and then we can talk a little bit about Front Row Dads as well.

[00:41:42] JV: Yeah. So my son is four at the time of this story and we’re living in New Jersey. I’d take him out to this kind of pop-up park, this festival that was happening in our neighborhood, and they had set up a big rock wall, probably 30 or 40 feet tall. We were walking by it and he’s like, “I want to climb that wall.” He’s four. I just want to set the stage again, and I think to myself, “There's no way. This is big kid activity.” He won't fit in the harness. There's no way he's going to do this. He can't reach the different holds on the wall, but he’s super persistent as a four-year-old should be. He's just asking me repeatedly to do it.

So I kind of caved and just go, “All right. Fine. Go.” It’s kind of like I wanted to be like, “Yeah, you’re going to try it and you’re going to know I’m right.” I didn’t quite say that out loud, but that's what was going on in my heart. It was just like, “There's no way.”

Well, he gets harnessed up barely, barely fits him, and he gets his hands on the wall and the kid just shoots up like 30 feet on the wall, almost to the top, like probably 5 or 10 feet from the top, and I’m blown away. I’m sitting there –I'm beside myself. I can't believe he did it. So clearly I’m standing corrected, right? When he gets to this part of the wall where the wall inverts out, it looks to me like the expert part of the wall. The part of the wall that – The last 5 feet, most challenging. He stops right there, he turns around, he looks at me and he yells down, he was, “Papa!” He goes, “I can't,” and he's looking up and he’s looking down at me and he’s intimidated and he tries and he can't do it and I'm thinking to myself, “Of course, you can’t. You’re four, dude. I’m amazed at what you did, but I’m not shocked you can't make it past the expert part.”

So because my brain said, “Well, of course that's not for him.” I say, “Hey buddy, it's okay. You tried,” and I just thought that was like encouraging and supportive. I thought that I really nailed that as a dad. Until the guy who was the – The guy who is working at the rock wall, he looked at me, and before my son could let go, he looked at me, he said, “Hey, man,” he goes, “I think your boy can do this. He turns around and he looks up at my son and he says, “Hey little man, try again.” My son heard this confident vote to give it another shot from the guy who worked there, and my son grabs a hold of the wall and with all of his might and with every ounce of strength in this little four-year-old body he makes it to the very, very top of the wall, and he smashes his button and the lights go off and he's coming down from the wall and everybody's clapping and cheering, this little four-year-old who just made it to the very top of this wall, and he walks over to me and I give him a high five and I’m like, “Buddy, you did it. I’m blown away. I’m so proud of you.” This guy who’s standing next to me, we get to talking where he’s like, “Your boy is – I can't believe he did that. He’s only four?” I was like, “Yeah! It's amazing,” and he's like, “Yeah, that's yeah really amazing.”

Then as my son's getting the harness taken off the guy, he’s like, “Oh! You live around here?” and I’m like, “Yeah.” He goes, “What do you do?” and I was like, “I’m a motivational speaker,” and I realize as I say that how what just happened that this wall was not what a motivational speaker would do. Why was it that I was literally – I was like, “There’s no way you can do this,” like, “You tried buddy. Come on down.” Why is it that the guy who worked there was the only one who is like, “You got this. Try again.”

I realized in that moment that we often treat other people like we remember them in the past, not as who they’ve become, and that I'm actually as a father more susceptible that than even a stranger, because I think of my son as he was when he was 3-1/2, or three, or I fail to see, because I see him every day that he has grown and he has changed. I’m constantly treating him like I remember what his capabilities were, and that I realized as a dad that I need to be hyper-vigilant to not let that happen, to not let my own perceptions of my son's abilities stand in the way of his progress in life. Then I started thinking about how I do that on my team. How sometimes like somebody work for Front Row Foundation and I’ll think there have these capabilities and I treat them as such. But if they went and worked somewhere else, somebody might give them a job promotion or of another title and all of a sudden they rise to the occasion.

I mean, there's a lot of science behind that, about studies of teachers who are given classrooms and they say, “Your classroom is gifted,” and the kids perform at such. “Hey, your classroom is challenged. Be careful with them,” and then they drop in their scores.” In our lives, whether it's being a dad or a husband or a wife or whoever you are leading a team, part of your community, you have to see what's possible in situations. That's being hopeful for what's next. You have to see possibility and then you have to believe in that before it even comes true, and I think that's cool.

My friend Geoff Woods who works with Gary Keller and Jay Papasan, they work on a project called The ONE Thing, and it's a training company and an awesome book. You guys have probably read it. One of the things he talks about is Gary's definition of what a goal is, and a real goal is to know how to be appropriate in the moment. The purpose of a goal is to be appropriate in the moment, and that when we have a vision or a goal, it tells us how we can then act in the moment. I think that often times we have to understand what is our goal as a parent? What is our goal as a community leader or a team leader, an entrepreneur or whoever you are? Then how can we learn to be more appropriate in the moment.

As a father, as somebody who wants to be a leader of others, I need to be more appropriate in recognizing somebody's potential in that moment of what they could become. That's being a moment maker, by the way. When we talk about being a moment maker, that's what it's about.

[00:47:46] MB: And for listeners who want to dig in, we went really deep in our previous interview on how to create and make incredible moments in your life, but I want to spend – I know we’re running out of time, but I want to spend a couple of minutes and hear a little bit more about some of the lessons that you've learned from Front Row Dads.

[00:48:04] JV: Oh man! This has been the best project yet. Two years ago it all started because I didn't think I was an awesome dad and a husband. Like I got honest with myself, I was at a party and somebody's like, “What do you do?” I started to answer with like what I thought they were asking, which is speaker, charity thing. I cut myself off and I answered it how I wanted to answer it. How I wish I’d answered it for years, which is that I'm a father and I’m a husband. But when I'm not doing that, I happen to do these other things on the side.

Most people think of themselves, in my case, with my dads, not my dads, but guys that are my demographic, right? These are guys who think of themselves as businessmen with families versus a family man with a business. So whether you're a man or a dad or whomever, think about how you identify in the world. What's really important? Where is your identity?

So for me, one of the most valuable things about Front Row Dads is that this community holds me to the identity of being a family man with a business, not a businessman with a family. We always say these are men with wisdom who are wise enough to know there's more to learn, and that’s where I want to be. I want to be surrounded by people who are not only – That have wisdom but just that have the humility to come in and say, “What else can I know?” It’s not always about something new. It’s something true.

So what has the community taught me? Countless lessons, but a couple of really game changers. I shared one with you and I'll share it with the audience right now. That is that at this retreat that we just had, 33 guys got together for three days. I brought in one of my friends, Dr. Kelly Flanagan, to be a guest and to speak and answer questions, and this guy is great. He wrote a book called Lovable. He’s fantastic, and Dr. Kelly, or he allows me to call him Kelly, he's talking to the guys and one of the things that comes up is about shamem, this idea of like with our kids, and even as dads, how shame shows up in our life. He gives a great metaphor that I think is valuable for anybody. This is not just for dads, but it certainly applied to us, and here's what he said, he said, “I've thought a lot about this like ego that we have, this false self and the true self.” He goes, “The way I see it is that we’re all born with our true self.” That's why my four-year-old right now can run around naked downstairs and do a dance in the middle of our living room without any fear, because he's born his true self.

Then what happens is when he starts to go to school or he grows up a little bit, he actually experiences some shame, some pain, and starts to develop a little bit of a false self. Where that – Like as an example of that, it's like you don't feel cool enough because you're not wearing the cool clothes or brands or something like that or you don't have cool sneakers and you start to feel that who you are as a person isn't enough in the world and that you need to build a false self to fit in and to be loved and be appreciated and be connected. So we have to get this certain pair of shoes in order to get connected. We all experience it. It’s natural part of growing up and to different degrees and different levels, of course, with different people. But we develop this false self. Then what we do is we spend the rest of our life trying to figure out who our true self is again. We got to go back to the beginning.

Another one of my friends says – Like we call it his school. He runs a school. He calls it butterfly-cocoon- butterfly, or butterfly-caterpillar-butterflies. It’s like this idea of like they're born a butterfly free then they sort of get into this cocoon and they come out butterfly again towards the end when they figure out who they really are.

So what Kelly says, the great metaphor that I think is perfect, he said, “When we’re like, let’s say, 4th, 5th grade, we start to develop a castle, and these castle walls are like the image that we project to the world. We start to build a protective boundary around us so that people really don't know who we are. My example of that is like the castle walls are a little bit like clothes, right? We put on clothes to protect ourselves from the world and to project an image to the world of who we are. How we want to be identified. So we build these castle walls. He goes, “That's to protect yourself from other people hurting you. You're not enough, you don't fit in, you don't wear the cool clothes.”

He was, “But then usually a few years later we actually figure out that we can put cannons on that castle, and these cannons that we put on will allow us to actually go on the offense with people.” So before other people can hurt us, we can fire a canon and hurt them.” That might be with a sarcastic remark, right? That's where we can actually attack if we think we’re in jeopardy. So we learn that we can do that to protect ourselves or make ourselves feel better is to put somebody else down or to hurt somebody else before they can hurt us. That's the essence of the canon.

Then what we do is in our lives we actually find that we have a throne, and the throne as a place of righteousness. The throne is actually a place where you’re great, you're really good at something, and you can actually sit on that throne and you get to kind of lead your kingdom from there. You can be really good at math. You could be the best writer. You could be really good at sports. When you’re out of school, you might find that you’re really good at a particular business and then you get into that and you find your sweet spot and you’re just like, “I found my throne where I can sort of be right in the world. These are my opinions, my decisions,” and this is where our ego likes to live is in this throne.

He says, “But then once we have all these, we also recognize that our castle has a drawbridge, and we have this opportunity to put the drawbridge down and to walkout and to be vulnerable with people to be open and to expose kind of our true selves,” and we made the joke at the Dads Retreat about like running naked through a field, like this true self. But in all seriousness, it's really about being able to just like drop the guard, drop the guard and just be you.

Now the cool thing of what Dr. Kelly said that I think is really applicable here to everybody is that I actually told Kelly that I actually had shame around the fact that I built a castle. I said, “Actually, I look back on my life and I feel horrible about the fact that I was so insecure that I had to like wear all these clothes and I said mean things and I did mean things to people to make myself feel better or to fit in. I’d I put somebody else down to get in with another group. I would compromise my values to meet my need for connection, and I felt bad about that.” He said, “Right.” He said, “The thing is we don't need to attack our castle and we don't need to make our castle wrong, because the castle never goes away. In fact, it's good that you have it, because you're probably not going to go to a wedding for a friend and walkout and you meet somebody new, and all of a sudden they’re like, “Hey, what's your name? What do you do?” and you’re like, “Hey, let me tell you everything about my life, my deepest darkest secrets. Let me literally pull back the curtain and hold nothing back.”

He goes, “That’s not necessarily how we should be engaging with people anyways, right? We want to be open. We want to walk out of our castle a little bit, but we also know that sometimes it actually might be good to be in our castle. There are actually times when we might need that to protect ourselves.” He goes, “The difference is whether or not we know that the castle is there. How to use the castle? How to come out of the castle? Then how we shouldn't make the castle a bad thing, but to understand that everybody has a true self that they're born with, they find a false self, which is their ego and then they hopefully find their way back to their true self and their life.”

I think that, to me, one of the things I came into Front Row Dads thinking was that I was going to learn these things that I could say to my kid to be a better dad. Like do this thing, do this thing every Monday at 9 and you'll be a better dad. Make sure to send your kid to this school and you'll be an awesome dad, and I thought they’re going to be this practical, logical, very male-focused things, and we have plenty of those. But what I'm realizing is that just like in the book, The Awakened Family, the real growth that your kids experience is because of the real growth that you as a dad experience, or you as a mom experience, or the real growth of your business is the experience, the growth of the leader. That's why Jim Rohn famously said that, “Your business success will rarely exceed the level of your personal development.”

So as a dad, most of my breakthroughs are coming by the way of how I see myself or how I get myself under control. Like a quit drinking. All of a sudden I'm a better dad. I change things about my own life and all of a sudden I’m just a better dad. All of a sudden I take better care of myself physically, I’ve got more energy for my kids. I have to know that there's this piece of it where the more I learn about myself, the more emotionally resilient I am, the more emotional mastery I have in my life and less like I am to yell at my kids or yell at my wife in front of my kids.

There're all these things that I know a lot of people deal with. People don't want to admit it that they’re getting angry behind the scenes losing their you know what, but it's like they do. The best guys, people you'd never think, lose their minds behind the scenes. I think that this Front Row Dads thing for me is just been another dive into my growth with some lessons of course about how to be a better husband, be a better dad. Those are there for sure, and the practice of doing those, the attention and intention of doing these things.

[00:57:22] MB: Such a fascinating topic and really, really interesting exploration. For listeners who have listened to this interview who want to take some kind of action step, do something concrete to start implementing some of the ideas and themes that we’ve talked about today into their lives, what would be one piece of homework or one action item that you would give them?

[00:57:42] JV: Well, I would write out your list of your topic eight relationships and write out their dreams, and then do something once a month to support their dream. Send them a text message and be like, “How's it going with your goal here or your goal there?” Write them down, hang them up somewhere where you can see them and follow up with people, and do that right now. Depending on when this airs, but do this for the next 12 months. That's an easy thing to do. It's actually easy to do. It's also easy not to do. It’s easy for somebody to be like, “Oh, that's a great idea,” and then right back into their day, which is cool. I know, we’re all busy. Everybody is busy. Got it. You’re full. You’ve got to choose where you want to put your time and energy, but I mean, listen, I would challenge somebody to tell me why that wouldn't be a good use of time. Tell me what's more important than knowing who are the most important relationships in your life and helping support their dreams. Tell me where that's not important. Tell me how that's not relevant.

I think it's actually one of the most fulfilling things to do, and don't do it just because you think you're getting social equity. Don't do it just because you want a place to keep score, because six months from now you're going to launch a book and you're going to demand they write you a review, and you did them a favor so they better do you a favor. That's not the heart behind it. The heart behind it is like do this with no expectation of anything in return. Do this with no expectation of anybody doing anything in return for you. But do this because it's the right thing to do, supporting people with their dreams.

Now you already know that you help enough people with their dreams and people will be excited to help you with yours. You know that's going to happen, but don't let that be the primary motivation here. Of course, that's part of it. Of course we’re all motivated by, “Hey, look. If I put a lot of good out, it's not a bad thing to feel good too.” That's not a bad thing. It's just, yeah, do that. That's your action.

[00:59:33] MB: And for listeners who want to find you and all the things you're working on online, what's the best place for them to do that?

[00:59:38] JV: Main hub for everything is frontrowfactor.com. That's got – All of the stuff is there, but if you want the dad stuff, it's frontrowdads.com. Charity is frontrowfoundation.org. But if you want an easy thing to remember, just Front Row Factor. If you go pump in to the internet Jon Front Row, you'll probably find me.

Yeah, and I’d love to serve. We’ve got the Front Row Factor Podcast where we’re talking to people who are facing life-threatening illnesses and how do we navigate those very difficult spaces. So listen. The percentage of people that either battle a life-threatening illness or know somebody who has through the roof, that would be the podcast for them, and we have our Front Row Dads podcast. So if you are a dad or you know a dad, then that's a place where we’re interviewing epic dads about their journey and what they’re learning.

[01:00:19] MB: Well, Jon, thank you so much for coming on the show for sharing all these incredible insights and all this wisdom. It’s been a pleasure to have you back on The Science of Success.

[01:00:27] JV: Hey, great to be here, guys. A true honor. Thank you so much.

[01:00:30] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you, our listeners, master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week.

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called How To Organize and Remember Everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222.

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success.

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top.

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.

February 28, 2019 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity, Influence & Communication
James Fell-01.png

How You Can Create Lasting Change and Effortlessly Alter Your Destiny with James Fell

January 24, 2019 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we discuss what causes the big moments that can transform your entire life in an instant and we show you how to create that kind of motivation and inspiration in your every day life so that you can be more productive and happier. We also expose why the common wisdom about willpower and “ego depletion” is completely wrong and what you should do instead. All this and much more with our guest James Fell.

James Fell is an author, owner of BodyForWife.com, and science-based motivator for lasting life change. He is one of the most read health and fitness writers in North America and currently writes articles for the Los Angeles Times and Chicago Tribune. His work has been featured in numerous publications including TIME Magazine, Men’s Health, Women’s Health, and much more. He is the author of the recently released book The Holy Sh!t Moment: How Lasting Change Can Happen in an Instant.

  • When we have a transformative experience it’s not about behavior change, its about a change in your CORE IDENTITY or your VALUES

  • What causes the big moments that can shift or transform your life in an instant?

  • “I didn’t have to struggle with my motivation, it came built in"

  • The “crystallization of discontent” 

  • There are layers to the personality

  • Behaviors

    1. Belief

    2. Values

    3. Identity

  • Minimizing the discomfort of change so that it doesn’t combat your core identity to much 

  • In order to create lasting behavior change and form sticky habits its a slow and painful process

  • Identity and value change can happen in a flash, effortlessly 

  • Often identity change is like a volcano bubbling beneath the surface and then exploding 

  • Do we have to use willpower and grit? Do we have to tough it out and suck it up? 

  • The idea that people can’t change because they lack willpower is DEEPLY FLAWED 

  • The 1996 Case Western Study - would you rather eat chocolate or radishes? 

  • “Ego depletion” - the idea that willpower is a limited resource - is a flawed and dated idea

  • The 2 big flaws with the studies about ego depletion and willpower

  • “Probability hacking” - drudging through the data to FIND a result

    1. Publication Bias 

  • Willpower is often irrelevant to the equation of motivation

  • “Identity Value Model of Self Control” - those people who engage in behaviors that are directly in line with their identity are far more successful in sustaining their behaviors and seeing results

  • Willpower training and efforts to increase willpower have never shown any effect

  • “Willpower is an irrelevant concept”

  • Having to power through and do things you hate has negative mental and physical consequences 

  • The “Rage to Master” and how it drives people to work relentlessly on things they are overwhelmingly passionate about 

  • Rather than trying to CREATE GREATNESS - find the thing that makes you WANT TO CREATE GREATNESS - the field that naturally makes you want to strive for greatness 

  • What If I’m SUPER passionate about Watching TV of Playing Video Games? Or eating donuts.

  • Happiness vs Flourishing 

  • Happiness is a state of mind - it’s temporary

  • What really drives people is flourishing - finding something where you a contributing to your own wellbeing and the wellbeing of others

  • “Inspiration favors the prepared mind” 

  • The science of epiphanies and eureka moments - how you can prep and prepare your brain for insights 

  • What could I accomplish if I had an endless fountain of motivation to do it? What could that be?

  • What’s holding me back from that?

    1. Who do I look up to?

  • Life changing epiphanies typically happen after you’ve done deep analytical preparation work 

  • THEN - you distract yourself. Analyze and then DISTRACT yourself. 

  • “Creative incubation” 

  • The answers don’t come when you’re trying to solve the problem, they come later when the conscious mind is distracted. Go for a walk. Do something to distract yourself. You can’t be listening to a podcast, listening to an audiobook etc - you can’t be distracted in any way. 

  • You have to get inside your own head and let data meander and collide until you see a novel solution.

  • "We do not know what egg we’ve been sitting on until the shell cracks.” T.S. Elliot

  • Embrace the audacious.

  • “Most people tip toe through life trying to make it safely to death."

  • What if life could be more of a thrill ride? 

  • How do you make rapid mindset shifts that immediately change your life?

  • Keys to creating life changing epiphanies

  • Understand and believe that it can happen to you

    1. Engage in mental contrasting - focus and find the roadblocks to achieving your dreams 

    2. When you fantasize about your goal attainment you demotivate yourself to actually achieve it 

  • You may need to do some uninspired work for a time to realize and understand what truly has meaning for you - to find or uncover a "sudden gain" in motivation 

  • Homework: As soon as you finish listening to this podcast, go lie down in a quiet place with no distraction. No TV, no radio, no phone, no one talking. Be alone with your thoughts for ten or fifteen minutes and free associate, think about anything. 

  • It’s possible your mind is already prepared for a transformative moment - just give it the opportunity to listen and come out! 

    1. Spending time alone with your thoughts is WHEN you get these breakthrough insights and creative bursts

    2. The more focused you are, the less likely an insight is to happen. 

    3. Lay in bed for 5 or 10 minutes with no phone when you get up tomorrow

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybuttonsmall.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

content_AG__Logo_Stacked_Blue_small.jpg

We’re proud to announce that this week’s episode of The Science of Success is brought to you by our partners at Athletic Greens!

Athletic Greens is offering our listeners 
20 FREE TRAVEL PACKS, a $79 value, with your first purchase when you go to www.athleticgreens.com/success.

Start this year off with a new incredibly impactful and easy to maintain healthy habit with Athletic Greens. The fact is, the perfect diet doesn't exist, and ultimately falls short due to a busy lifestyle, travel schedule or restrictive diets. That's why Athletic Greens packs in 75 whole food sourced ingredients and covers you in 5 key areas of health, making it one of the most comprehensive supplements on the market.

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [Article] Ego Depletion and Self-Control Failure: An Energy Model of the Self's Executive Function by Roy F. Baumeister

  • [Article] Replication project investigates self-control as limited resource - from Science Daily

  • [Article] Finding the 'Self' in Self-Regulation: The Identity-Value Model by Elliot Berkman, Jordan Livingston, and Lauren Kahn

  • [Book] Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap and Others Don't by Jim Collins

  • [Book] The Eureka Factor: Aha Moments, Creative Insight, and the Brain by John Kounios and Mark Beeman

  • [Book] Wired to Create: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Creative Mind by Scott Barry Kaufman and Carolyn Gregoire

  • [SoS Episode] The Shocking Counter-Intuitive Science Behind The Truth of Positive Thinking with Dr. Gabriele Oettingen

  • [SoS Episode] Self Help For Smart People - How You Can Spot Bad Science & Decode Scientific Studies with Dr. Brian Nosek

  • [Personal Site] Body For Wife

Episode Transcript


[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than three million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we discuss what causes the big moments that can transform your life in an instant. We show you how to create that motivation and inspiration in your everyday life, so that you can be more productive and happier. We also expose why the common wisdom about willpower and the concept of ego depletion are completely wrong and what you should do instead; all of this and much more with our guest this episode, James Fell.

Do you need more time? Time for work, time for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life, time to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our e-mail list. It's called How You Can Create Time for the Things That Really Matter in Life. You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the e-mail list at successpodcast.com.

You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our e-mail subscribers. We recently pre-released an episode in an interview to our e-mail subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience and that had tremendous implications, because there is a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first.

With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live exclusive interview just for e-mail subscribers. There's some amazing stuff that's available only to e-mail subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the e-mail list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page.

Or if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44-222. That's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

In our previous episode, we discussed how to break into careers in tough industries, the skills it takes to succeed in difficult circumstances, how to deal with the difficulty of constant rejection, how to build the muscle of determination, a hack for switching your thinking that can make it much easier to face challenging situations and rejection and much more with our previous guest, Alex Grodnik. If you want to know what skills it takes to get your dream job, listen to that episode.

Now, for our interview with James. Please note, this episode contains profanity.

[0:03:01.4] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show, James Fell. James is an author, owner of bodyforwife.com and science-based motivator for lasting life change. He's one of the most read health and fitness writers in North America and currently writes articles for the LA Times and the Chicago Tribune. His work has been featured in numerous publications, including Time magazine, Men's Health and much more. He's the author of a recently released book, The Holy Sh!t Moment: How Lasting Change Can Happen in an Instant. James, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:35.0] JF: Thanks so much for having me on, Matt.

[0:03:37.5] MB: We're really excited to have you on the show today and to dig into some of these topics. To start out, I'd love to just begin with this idea of life-changing moments. How is it possible that massive change or lasting change can happen in the blink of an eye?

[0:03:56.6] JF: Well, the interesting thing is that when we have a transformative experience like this, it's not about behavior change. It's more about an alteration in your core identity and your values. Those are things that happen because of some either a massive flash of insight into your life, where you've suddenly achieved the solution to problems that have been pestering you, or it can even be mystical in nature, where maybe you feel that there was an otherworldly presence that commanded you to do something.

Regardless of the sensation as to where you felt it come from, they're incredibly powerful, emotional experiences that have a tendency to – it's like carving a new purpose into your being, like a chisel working on stone. When something like that happens, there's this overwhelming sensation that you just feel that you have to go in this new direction. These are not things that happen slowly. It's not adopting new habits where you're a tortoise, not a hare, or taking baby steps. It's something that happens so rapidly that you cannot help but notice. People find them incredibly motivating where when an event like this takes place, they feel they must fulfill this new mission, or vision that they've had.

[0:05:15.9] MB: What are some of the primary things or experiences that can trigger these kinds of moments?

[0:05:22.5] JF: There's lots of different things that can take place. Sometimes maybe it's a health scare, or there's an example in the book where it was a positive pregnancy announcement. The pregnancy announcement is a good one, because that relates directly to identity change. It was a man named Chuck Gross, he weighed over 400 pounds. He'd been heavy his entire life. He had tried and failed to lose weight many times.

Then there was this unexpected announcement. His wife comes out of the bathroom and says, “I'm pregnant.” The first thing that happened was there was an overwhelming sense of joy, because he was very excited about being a father. Then the next thing that happened was that he realized in a moment that this time he was going to lose weight. He just knew it was going to work. It was a fait accompli. That was because there was an identity change that took place in a flash. It was like he went from not a father to, “Hey, congratulations dude. You're going to be a dad.”

That also transformed his values, because for him something very important to him, he loved the idea of being a thin and healthy dad that could roughhouse with his kids and live a long time and be there for them and all that stuff. He wanted to be this high-energy dad that that was what held tremendous value for him. It did shift everything about his personality in that regard in a moment. He told me – this is a direct quote from Chuck where he said, “I didn't have to struggle with my motivation. It came built-in. It came built-in, because the behaviors, your actions, your attitudes, your beliefs line up automatically with that core identity.” He said he never struggled from that day forward. He lost over 200 pounds. He's kept it off more than a decade.

To continue on and answer your question, there can be other things where you reach something of a breaking point, or there's all sorts of little problems in your life where it's called crystallization of discontent. Maybe there's these different problems if you look at them individually one at a time, they don't seem they're that big deal. If they crystallize together, where the whole becomes greater than the sum of its parts, suddenly you just say, “Okay, enough of this. I need to go in a new direction.” You're suddenly – a window opens on a new path that you can take and the positive benefits of doing so were so overwhelming that you have no – you feel you have no choice. You got to do it.

[0:07:50.4] MB: Well, I think you made a really important point as well that these big shifts are not necessarily about behavior change, but it's rather about identity change.

[0:08:00.5] JF: Yeah, that refers to social psychologist Milton Rokeach’s model of personality. It's like that line from Shrek, where he says to donkey, “Ogres are like onions.” Well, people are like onions too. If you cut them, there's going to be some crying, but that's not my point. My point is that there's layers to our personality. The external layer is the behaviors and the actions. You go down a layer and then you've got beliefs and then you've got attitudes and then there's values and then there's identity at the core, the self of who you really are.

When we focus strictly on external layer behavior change, it essentially involves suffering. That's why we preach baby steps of minimizing the discomfort of change, so that it does not combat with your core identity too much. If you try and change too many things all at once, you show up hungover on January 1st with your first session on with Attila the trainer, all while quitting smoking, quitting drinking, eating healthier all in the same day, that's a recipe for a crash and burn, because you're just looking at those behavior change that is in opposition to what your identity and your values are. If you go through this shift in the much more powerful internal layers, then the external layers just come into line naturally.

[0:09:27.6] MB: I love this notion of making a shift deeper down at a deeper layer and then the natural change in beliefs and behaviors, etc., flows out of that.

[0:09:38.0] JF: Yeah. Like I said, it's the opposite in terms of rapidity with the way that it happens. Behavior change in order to stick, in order to drag yourself over a motivational tipping point and form habits to become sticky is a slow, painful process. Identity and value change is one of those things that can happen in a flash effortlessly.

I mean, sometimes the homework to get you to that point, or the struggles that you've gone through for your life, it's an erupting volcano. It's been bubbling beneath the surface for months, or years. Then all of a sudden, it explodes in an instant. It can be surprising. If you really look deep within yourself, you can realize that this has been building for a while. This storm has been coming.

[0:10:31.2] MB: Before we dig into that and I definitely want to dig into this idea of how we can engineer and create those identity shifts, but before we spend some time on that, I want to come back to this notion that if we don't change correctly, our core identity will push back or resist these changes. Tell me more about this.

[0:10:51.3] JF: Well, it has to do with the concept that we need to use willpower and grit and power through and suffer and suck it up and all that concept, that really the idea that people that can't change just lack in willpower is rather deeply flawed. There's an interesting study that was conducted back in the 90s that I think sent a lot of people on the wrong path.

It was in 1996 where researchers at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio took a group of students and well, they were pretty mean to them, so half the students – these weren't starving students, but there were definitely hungry students, because they were told to show up hungry in order to participate in a study about taste preferences.

Half the students get put in a room where they have – the room smells have freshly baked chocolate cookies. Lo and behold right in front of them, there is a plate of those cookies, plus a bunch of other chocolate treats. There is also a bowl of radishes in the room. The researchers say, “You guys can have all of the chocolate you want, but don't touch the radishes. You got to resist the radishes.” These guys are like, “Yeah, no problem.” They started stuffing chocolate into their face holes like the apocalypse was imminent.

The other group of students was not so fortunate. They go into the same room, smells like chocolate cookies, there's piles of chocolate treats. They make a beeline for the chocolates and the researchers say, “No, you can’t have any chocolate, but over here you can have all the radishes you want.” These guys were like, “No, man. We want chocolate.” They're like, “Sorry, man. You got to resist the chocolate.” It's much more challenging when you're hungry to resist chocolate than it is to resist radishes.

Afterward, they made both groups work on an unsolvable puzzle. It's like that time when your sister moved around all the stickers on your Rubik's Cube and the sides would never line up again; that that type of a puzzle that just could not be solved. They found that the ones who were made to resist chocolate gave up on the puzzle sooner. They posited this hypothesis that they called it ego depletion. They said that willpower was a limited resource that could get drained throughout the day. Like when you had a crap day at work and you hit the liquor store on the way home, instead of the gym.

They said that if you have to engage in a lot of efforts that require your will throughout the day, then you're going to run out and later on it's hitting the couch with a six-pack and a bag of Doritos. There were other studies that followed that supported this concept of willpower is a limited resource and ego depletion, but, big but here; there was two things wrong with these studies. At the time prior to the 20th century, a lot of studies engaged in what is called probability hacking, which is where you dredge through the data looking for something of statistical significance.

That's what these guys were doing. It's like, “Okay, let's see what we can find that we can report on, so we can get published, because publish or perish, right?” They did that. Plus, there is that nasty thing called publication bias. Sure, there's a few studies that get published in scientific journals that show that this ego depletion is a thing. What about all the others of which there was many more that conducted similar studies that showed no such effect? Those ones don't get published.

That was one of the things that led people to believe that willpower was this limited resource and that you needed to be very careful to parse out tiny drips of it over the day that – and not changed too much all at once. Now instead, and also to what happened recently just within the last couple of years, there was a major study by researchers. I think it's at Curtin University in Australia that did – that looked at all of those old ego depletion studies. They used new methods of statistical analysis to get a more realistic understanding of what the data meant.

They found that ego depletion was either not a thing, or barely a thing. Other studies showed that ego depletion was something that could be a self-fulfilling prophecy. As an example, if you tell someone this activity is going to energize you for doing other stuff afterwards. They would do that activity and they would be energized, because power of suggestion. If you told another group of people that the same activity was going to de-energize them, they were de-energized. It's totally open to suggestibility.

They've just discovered that ego depletion really wasn't a thing. Instead, what it depends on is your internal drivers, your passion. There are people who are singularly motivated to do something where they will do it until they pass out sheer physiological exhaustion. They have no psychological exhaustion, because they want to do it so badly.

There's been nights that I've stayed up until 3:00 a.m. writing, because I was on a roll and it's something I'm really excited about. Willpower was irrelevant to the equation. It's called the identity value model of self-control. That was a 2016 study that was done that showed that those people who engage in behaviors that are directly in-line with what their identity is, that they're far more successful in sustaining those behaviors and working hard at it, because as an example, it's their passion. The other thing is that willpower training efforts to increase a person's willpower have never shown any measurable effect.

There's been multi week-long studies that try to train up a person's willpower and it doesn't work. It's an irrelevant concept, where instead you really need to focus on looking at those internal drivers. I'll say one more thing about to really trash on the whole concept of willpower, was that there was some studies that have been done of these were lower socioeconomic status youths that lived in rather desperate circumstances. The ones that were able to resist the pull of things like alcohol and drugs, even though they were in in an environment that was – that really had a tendency that pushed those things towards them, that yes, they did end up better off, because they were able to do that, because it was a constant daily sense of harassment on their psyche that they had to choose this different path in life, it was physically unhealthy for them.

It had negative cardio metabolic effects. I think it said something about shortening telomeres or something, which has effects the length of your life. It’s just having to power through and do things that you hate that suck day after day after day, it's not good for you. It doesn't work that well.

[0:18:38.3] MB: Such fascinating research. That was a really great breakdown of the science and why willpower is a flawed concept. It's interesting, reminds me of a previous guest we had in the show and we'll throw this episode into the show notes. We had Dr. Brian Nosek, who spearheaded the reproducibility project, where they went back and they took a lot of psychology studies and that had been created because of things like a publication bias and probability hacking, these kinds of things. Went and tested them again. A lot of cases found some of those results were deeply flawed.

[0:19:12.2] JF: Yeah. That's exactly what I was talking about with they called it the replication crisis, I think.

[0:19:17.4] MB: That's right. Yeah. That's exactly what it was. That's really, really interesting. Let's dig in a little bit more into this. Correct me if I say it incorrectly, but this idea of the identity value model of self-control.

[0:19:30.1] JF: It really boils down to what we're passionate about. A lot of it can have to do with a sudden insight into our lives and who we are and what it is that we want to get out of it. Sometimes it can be anything where you decide to change careers. It can be an entrepreneurial venture. I had one about – I had a very successful business career and I reached a point where I just realized, I don't love this work. I make a lot of money at it, but I don't love doing it.

Life is too short to spend the majority of my waking hours engaged in something strictly for a paycheck, because I have this other passion, a skill that I'm good at that I think I can make money on. As soon as I made the decision to become a writer, I never worked so hard in my life. I worked way harder at being a writer than I ever did as a marketing executive. Not only that, but I wanted to get really good at it. That's called rage to master, where you have this skill that you feel that it's an innate talent, or a talent that you've developed, but it's not good enough. You've got to get better at it.

In some ways, it can become all-consuming, so you need to be a little bit careful that you don't ignore your family. That is one example of it. Another example can be that the way that you view yourself, for example we've found that having to engage in resistance for treat foods as an example, is futile. That if you view yourself as someone who likes to eat junk food and it's nearby, you're going to eat it.

However, if you view yourself as someone who doesn't eat it, or only rarely eats it, there is no resistance to engage in, because of the way that you view your identity. Same thing that happens with smokers; people who think of themselves as ex-smokers who still crave that cigarette have a much tougher time with quitting, than someone who says, “No, I'm a nonsmoker now.” That's just, “I am a person who will never smoke again.” That simple mindsets switch is something that's very powerful, because the temptation no longer exists for them.

[0:21:55.9] MB: Just clarifying one thing and then I have a follow-up question. You said it was called the rage to master?

[0:22:01.2] JF: Yes, rage to master. That's not necessarily the greatest term, but it's just one of those things where you're overwhelmingly passionate of having to develop a skill. We see it quite often with musicians that they have to perfect something on the piano, or guitar, or something like that. It can happen in anything, where you have this skill that you know you're good at and you want to be your absolute very best. We see it with athletes as well.

[0:22:32.7] MB: What if my rage to master is something like video games?

[0:22:37.1] JF: That works. I mean, there's guys on YouTube that make a lot of money at that.

[0:22:42.2] MB: It’s a good point.

[0:22:44.1] JF: If it's your thing. The thing is these things don't have to make money. Some people just want to get really good at guitar and they're never going to make a dime at it. A book that I love that I quote a number of times in my book is called Good to Great by Jim Collins. It is a business book and it's about corporate change, but it can also apply to personal change.

It's one of those things where it says rather than trying to create greatness, find the thing that makes you want to create greatness. It's not about greatness for greatness sake, it's about finding something that makes you want to create greatness. If it's one of those things that you need to make a living at, then you look at things, “Okay, what can I be best at? What can I do where I can really blow away the competition? Is it financially viable? Is it one of those things that can make money?”

I wanted to be a writer. At first, I wanted to be a novelist, but having an MBA and having worked in marketing, I did a business case analysis and realized you know what? Most novelists worked full-time jobs, because it does not pay well. I mean, except for the elite few. Your chances of making a living as a novelist are quite remote. I thought, “Well, I want to write full-time. I want to quit this job that I'm not in love with and do something that I love all the time.”

I realized, “Okay, health and fitness is something that I'm really good at, I know a lot about and I think I can –” Rather than just writing a novel a year, there's myriad opportunities to make a lot of money; there's freelancing, there's speaking, there's consulting, there's blogging. I saw so many different potential revenue streams. I said, “Okay, fine. I'm not going to – maybe I'll write a novel when I retire. For right now, this is a way I can write full-time and make money.” It was pushing my economic engine and it was one of those things that I knew that I could be better than most other people at and I was still really excited to do it. It didn't have to be a novel. It just had to be writing.

[0:24:42.5] MB: What about, and I'm taking this to its logical extreme, but I'm curious what your perspective is. What about someone who who's really passionate about something, like watching TV and they just want to sit around and watch Netflix all day long and they have that – I don't know if that's a skill you could even master. What I'm trying to get at is there a cut-off where you decide that that activity is not productive, or not worth investing in, or how do you think about that?

[0:25:10.0] JF: I think if somebody sits on their butt watching Netflix all day, they're not happy about that. I don't think. I mean, deep down they realized that they're probably wasting their life. I like Netflix myself. I like watching TV at the end of a hard day. I feel like I've earned it at the end of a hard day. Someone that has no ambition to do anything other than watch TV, I expect if they started looking below the surface, they would realize that there is discontent there, that maybe they wish that they were getting up and doing more with their lives.

I would encourage them, start looking at finishing the latest marathon season of You, or Jessica Jones, or whatever the latest thing is that's on there. It’s not an accomplishment. That's not something that gives you purpose. People need to start examining, “Okay, what could my purpose be?” There's actually a section in the book that talks about happiness versus flourishing. Happiness is largely a state of mind. Yeah, maybe watching lots of Netflix makes you happy, but what really drives people is flourishing, which has more to do with looking at what your capacities, your talents, your callings are and using that as a way to find purpose in life where you do something that contributes to your own well-being and the well-being of others. Maybe you could even go on to do something that changes the world.

[0:26:37.7] MB: I want to dig into that concept a little bit more and generally zooming out, coming back to the section of the book around the idea of finding purpose via epiphanies.

[0:26:49.4] JF: Sure. What is it that you'd like to know?

[0:26:52.4] MB: I guess, I just want to explore this topic a little bit more. Tell me more about the notion of flourishing. For somebody who's listening to the show who's thinking, “I don't know what my purpose is. I don't know what fills me with the rage to master, for lack of a better term.” What advice would you give to them, or what strategies would you recommend?

[0:27:10.3] JF: Oh, I see. I see. Sorry, so it has to do with – there's a saying that goes inspiration favors the prepared mind. There's an entire chapter in the book about the neuroscience of the life-changing moment. There's a there's a great book called the Eureka Factor by psychologist John Kounius and Mark Beeman, that did used fMRI and EEG brain scanning to look inside the heads of people that were having these sudden epiphanies, these sudden insights.

One of the things that they discovered is that insights can be prepared for, that you go through an analytical phase, where it's essentially a learning process, where you're thinking about okay, you're looking at your life, what you've done, what you could possibly do, to start asking yourself the question of, “What could I accomplish if I was suddenly overwhelmingly inspired to strive for it? If I had an endless fountain of motivation to do something, what could that thing be?” You start asking yourself questions like these.

Then you start asking yourself questions like, “Well, what's holding me back? What are my friends doing that I admire? Who do I look up to? Who are my idols?” Those types of things. Read books, just gather lots of information. That's not when the life-changing epiphany strikes. That's the analytical phase. Actually, analysis constricts your thinking. It's a state that is actually the antithesis of having the epiphany, but you're preparing yourself for it.

Then this is the critical component, you need to engage in distraction. It’s analyzed and distract, you analyze until you get stuck and you think, “Okay, I still don't know what the answer is.” Then there's all sorts of things that you can do that are distracting in nature, because the answer to the problem of your life that you're trying to solve does not come while you're actively trying to solve that problem. It happens when you go for a walk or take a shower; shower thoughts, or a big one.

Here's a critical thing about that going for a walk, great thinkers across the ages have extolled the virtue of a walk out in nature for spurring creativity and spurring insight. However, those great thinkers were – no offense Matt, they weren't listening to podcasts while they were on those walks. It needs to be a situation where you get to be alone with your thoughts. You can listen to music, but you don't want to be distracted. You have to get inside your own head and let these various bits of data that you've been collecting meander and collide, until the solution gets presented to you, saying that this is your calling, this is what you need to do.

Or you can meditate, or you can pray, or you can just lie on the couch and engage in some free association. You need to give yourself a chance where you're not checking your phone, or you're not watching TV, or you're not listening to the radio or something like that and let that answer come to you.

[0:30:28.6] MB: That's such a great point. I love the notion that inspiration favors the prepared mind. It reminds me of some scientific research and I don't know if you came across into this and doing the work for this, but there's a phenomenon called creative incubation, which is a very similar process and essentially the idea is that you feed inputs into your brain consciously and then you take a conscious break away from whatever you're working on. Then when you come back to it, or revisit that topic at a later time, typically your subconscious has processed and recombined and worked on these ideas. Then when you when you revisit them, you have these breakthrough insights.

[0:31:07.0] JF: That's exactly what I was talking about as an incubation period, that one of the books that I reference that discusses that is by Scott Barry Kaufman, called Wired to Create. It's a book that I actually really recommend as a companion to mine. I would say that they're quite complementary, because these sudden insights are a creative process. It's the same thing as if you're trying to figure out what to write about, or what painting to paint, or the answer to even a mathematical problem involves creativity, finding of the answer to the problems of your life, or what you're going to do when you grow up or where you need to put your energies towards, the answer is creative in nature. Also, this really is about spurring creativity.

There's a thing about that. There's a great quote by T.S. Eliot that he said, “We do not know what it is we've been sitting on until the shell cracks.” You don't know what the answer is going to be, that's why it's a sudden insight. That's why you have to wait for it to arrive. You need to be ready to embrace the audacious. You need to be ready to say, “When this answer arrives, even if it sounds a little crazy, the thing about these sudden insights is the overwhelming sense of rightness associated with it.”

The psychologists that I mentioned earlier that used the brain scanning technology, they found that the people that achieved answers to word problems be a sudden insight. First of all, they knew they were right. Second of all, they were right. They had a much higher accuracy rate than the ones who solved the word problems via steady analysis. It comes with when you get this life mission to deliver to you, you just know that this is the right thing, that you've got to do it. That's why it's so motivating, because you feel like, “I've got to do this. It feels like the right thing to do.”

There's another quote that I have in the book that was from radio personality, Earl Nightingale, and said, “Most people tiptoe through life, trying to make it safely to death.” I'm like, “Okay, well I guess that's fine if that's what you want to do.” I would say to listeners, you should consider what if you could make it unsafely to death? What if what if life could be more of a thrill ride? There may be something deep down inside you that others don't see and maybe even right now you don't recognize that it's there, but it can wake up all of a sudden and the world better watch out.

[0:33:46.7] MB: Really interesting. Really inspiring. Both of those quotes I think are fantastic.

[0:33:53.6] JF: I got one more good quote for you from Steve Jobs. “You don't have to be pushed. The vision pulls you.” That's it. That's a whole quote. That's why I wrote the book.

[0:34:06.6] MB: Today's episode is brought to you by our amazing sponsor Athletic Greens. I've used Athletic Greens for years to make sure that I'm on top of my game. I'm sure you've heard about it from other experts like Tim Ferriss, or even previous Science of Success guest, Michael Gervais.

Athletic Greens is the best of the best, all in one whole food supplement on the market. Just one scoop of Athletic Greens is the equivalent of 12 servings of fruits and vegetables. It was developed over 10 years by a team of doctors and nutritionists, using 75 whole food sourced ingredients. Athletic Greens helps you fuel up with energy, boost your immunity, supports digestion and gut health, helps you manage stress and promote healthy aging and much more.

Athletic Greens was kind enough to put together a special deal just for Science of Success listeners. They are giving away 20 free travel packs, which is valued at $79 when you make your first purchase. 

Start 2019 off right and create an epic shift in your health by ordering some Athletic Greens today. You can do that by going to athleticgreens.com/success. That's athleticgreens.com/success to claim your special offer today.

[0:35:26.7] MB: The other piece of this that you touched on, but I think bears digging into or repeating is the importance of cultivating the skillset of creativity. That's something personally that's been super interesting to me for the last couple years. I've spread a dozen books on it, done a ton of research and homework and really dug into it is how do we be more creative and how do we build that creative muscle? Because no matter what you're dealing with, it's such an important asset to have.

[0:36:00.1] JF: I think on that note, one of the things that I think stifles creativity is the desire to be like everybody else, to give in to societal demands and not be thought of as weird. I mean, my job is very creative. When I first became a writer, a year after my first article was published, I had a column in the Los Angeles Times. This is despite being a Canadian, living in Canada, an LA Fitness Mecca had no shortage of fitness experts there, but they gave me a column because they liked the way that I approached it, because it was different and it was weird and it made them laugh. I came up with stories that nobody else was writing for them. They said, “Yeah, we like this guy. We want him to be are our health and fitness columnist.”

I think that Lady Gaga became famous because she was very talented, but she was also – nobody had ever seen her before. The same thing happened with Madonna way back that people aren't looking for the same old. When I was younger, when I was in middle school I was bullied a lot, because I was weird. I didn't fit in. Later on, okay I had to realize that there was a time and place for that weirdness. You don't wear it on your sleeve, but I was able to take that later on and turn that into a career that I love and happen – my work happened to resonate with a lot of people.

[0:37:28.7] MB: We've talked about this toolkit and started to get into this already, but I want to come back to a fundamental question and ground this for the listeners so that they have a really understanding of how to implement this. For somebody who's listening who wants to start to create these mindset shifts, start to create this rapid identity change, how would you recommend from a practical standpoint starting to implement this? You can be with either in general terms, or even with a specific example, whether it's weight loss, or taking on a new business project, or a side project, or anything that you think is a good example.

[0:38:08.4] JF: Okay, well I'll give you a few different tips for listeners today. One is that this is the most important one, you have to believe that it can happen. These things happen all the time. There's no shortage of evidence of people having a transformative, life-changing epiphany that gives them a quest, that leads them to just tremendous success. If it can happen for other people, I know there's a cliché, but it can happen for you.

One of the researchers I spoke to, William Miller who the co-founder, co-creator of motivational interviewing, he told me that as many as a third of people have these life-changing epiphanies during their life and that's without even trying. If you start actually trying to have one, your likelihood that you're going to have one can go way up. You got to believe that it can happen. Don't ignore it if it does happen.

More concrete steps that you can take, one is to engage in what psychology professor Gabriele Oettingen refers to as mental contrasting. She wrote a book called Rethinking Positive Thinking that I recommend. What it is about is being careful about what it is you fantasize about and how you fantasize about it. As an example, say the first thing you need to do is really come up with, a dream a wish that is dear to you. Not what other people want you to do, but something that you know that deep down you would love to be able to do this and it would have deep meaning for you.

However, be very careful about the way that you approach your dreaming about this. Don't fantasize about attainment of the goal. The reason why is that this grunts counter to that whole oh, you got to keep your eye on the prize, positive thinking stuff. The reason why is that Oettingen’s, Professor Oettingen’s research has shown that people who fantasize about their goal attainment demotivate themselves to chase the goal. The reason why is you get a virtual reality experience of having achieve the goal without having to do any of the work.

It's okay to imagine a little bit about how great it's going to be, but then you've got to put your mind in a different space. That space is the roadblocks to goal achievement. You need to figure out okay, if this is a really important dream of mine, if this is a wish, a goal that I would really love to attain, you need to deeply analyze why you haven't. Why aren't you doing it? Why aren't you chasing this goal right now? Look at the obstacles. Look at the roadblocks. That is where not just your focus, but your fantasization should be, which is you imagine breaking through those roadblocks, either going around them or through them. That's what you think about is the doing the work is where your fantasy should be and seeing yourself, seeing a vision of yourself doing what it takes to reach that goal.

The last bit of advice that I would have is imagine that motivation for goal attainment is like a mountain. If you have zero motivation to work toward this goal, you're down at the base of the mountain. The peak of the mountain is ultimate motivation to do all the work with inspired rigor. If you're at the base of the mountain, you don't just sit there and wait for a life-changing epiphany to suddenly Star Trek transporter device your butt all the way to the top. That can happen, but it's less likely than if you started to hike a while.

Figure out what the steps are. You may need to do some uninspired work for a time to realize that this process has meaning for you. Then suddenly, that motivational transporter device can pick you up and transport you, either all the way to the top, or much higher towards the top. It's it's called a sudden gain in motivation. Those sudden gains in motivation are more likely to come if you're already engaged in the process, rather than not engaged whatsoever. The analogy that I would use to that, the whole Aesop's Fable tortoise and hare thing is that you're behaving like a tortoise, but you're thinking like a hare.

[0:42:35.7] MB: Great pieces of advice. We actually previously interviewed Gabriele Oettingen as well and we'll make sure to throw her episode in the show notes for listeners who want to check that out. I think this is so important. Even the last point you made is a great one, which is this idea that you might have to do some uninspired work in the beginning. You might have to start as you put it, hiking before you really start to get to the meet and uncover what truly gives you meaning, what truly motivates you.

[0:43:05.1] JF: Yeah. One of the reasons why I wrote this book was because I had a transformative experience in my 20s, that I was drinking too much, I was flunking out of university and I was in debt and just miserable and unmotivated. Then I had this sudden transformative experience that really changed my life in terms of school. I went from flunking out to doing great and I got myself out of debt.

Then after I graduated with my first degree I was like, “Okay, I'm pretty heavy. I should probably see if I can lose some weight.” I started working out. I hated it at first. I was not into exercise at all. It took a couple of months of really dragging my butt to the gym and not liking it at all. Then all of a sudden I realized, “You know what? Today did not suck.” With that realization, that it went from totally sucking to not completely sucking. I realized that if it could not suck that I could one day really learn to love it.

In that moment, there was a sudden flash of insight where I said, “I will work out until I die. I'm just going to keep doing this forever.” That was 25 years ago and I'm still going strong. I went for a run this morning, so I would say so far so good.

[0:44:23.6] MB: For listeners who want to start concretely implementing the ideas we've talked about today, what would be a piece of homework that you would give them as a first action step to starting to execute on these themes?

[0:44:38.5] JF: Oh, there's so many different pieces that I can give. You know what? I would say that the first thing that they could do is as soon as they finished listening to this podcast, go lie down in a quiet place where there's no distraction; there's no TV, there's no radio, there's nobody talking in the background and just be alone with your thoughts for 10 or 15 minutes, just free-associate and think about anything that you want. Because here's the thing, that we talked about homework, we talked about the analytical phase, the inspiration favoring the prepared mind. It's possible your mind is already prepared. You the listener has a lifetime of experience already that you could have this transformative moment right after you finish listening.

Go lie down and get used to just letting it – the answer could arrive very quickly. Give it a shot, because you never know. If it doesn't, well then you do some of that analysis and then try that distraction again. Go for a walk outside. Remember, leave your phone at home. Get used to either meditating, or praying, or just spending this time alone with your thoughts, because that's when it happens. Then there's too many people that are afraid to be alone with their thoughts. They need that constant voice in their ear, or text, or Facebook notification, or snap chatting, or whatever it is, that you need to get away from that, because when you're texting with somebody is not when it's going to happen.

[0:46:18.1] MB: Such an important lesson to not be distracted. I'm definitely guilty of this as well as constantly wanting to have something on, constantly wanting to be listening to a podcast, or learning, or watching a YouTube video, or whatever. It's these moments of quiet contemplation that often lead to the biggest transformations.

[0:46:35.5] JF: That's exactly it. It can come when you're cleaning the toilet. It can come on a walk. Another thing is when you wake up first thing in the morning, the thing is that the more focused you are, the less likely it's going to happen. You want to be in a very relaxed and even a drowsy state, so when you wake up first thing in the morning, don't get out of bed right away, don't reach for your phone, just lie there for five or 10 minutes, because that is a very relaxed easy-going state. That's the time that these types of things can pop in.

[0:47:08.5] MB: Y made another great point, which is that for somebody who's listening to this, your mind might already be prepared to have this transformative insight, but it's just a question of whether or not you've given yourself the opportunity to listen and hear it.

[0:47:25.3] JF: Yeah. Mine happened and my big one, the one that really changed my life was at 22. There was another woman that I interviewed for the book, Kathrine Switzer. She was the first woman to officially run the Boston Marathon back in 1967. She had won at the age of 20, that would motivate her to go on and change the world.

[0:47:45.7] MB: It's fascinating and it's such a great toolkit and it's a great lesson as well. James, for listeners who want to do some more research, want to find more of you and your work and want to find the book, where is the best place for them to do that online?

[0:47:59.2] JF: The best place to go would be my website, which is bodyforwife.com. That's wife with a W. There's a books tab where I have links to every possible platform that they could buy it on, including audio. If people didn't mind the sound of my voice, I did do the narration for the book, if they want to listen to it as an audiobook. I also have quite a popular blog there. I've got a few million readers each year. There's blog posts that are all over the map, but I do talk about motivational inspirational stuff on my blog there. Visit my website.

[0:48:32.9] MB: Awesome. Well James, thank you so much for coming on the show for sharing all of these insights and ideas. It's been a great conversation.

[0:48:39.8] JF: Thanks so much, Matt. I really enjoyed it.

[0:48:41.4] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners, master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter", S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend, either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes, because that helps boost the algorithm that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com; just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


January 24, 2019 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
Dr.BernardRoth-01.png

Feeling Stuck? This One Question Will Create The Change You Need with Dr. Bernard Roth

January 03, 2019 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we show you how to solve any problem in your life - using a simple and no risk tool that you can start with right now. We dig into why you get stuck on problems and how we often deceive ourselves. We talk about why reasons are often a ruse and how they can become dangerous once they turn into excuses, and much more with our guest Dr. Bernard Roth. 

Bernard Roth is a co-founder of the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford. He is one of the world’s pioneers in robotics and the primary developer of the concept of the Creativity Workshop. He is the best-selling author of The Achievement Habit: Stop Wishing, Start Doing, and Take Command of Your Life. His work has been featured in FORTUNE, The New York Times, Fast Company, Business Insider, and more!

  • Why do you get stuck in your life?

  • Are you focused on the right problems in your life, or the wrong problems?

  • Reframing problems opens up a tremendous new solution space to your problem

  • You can get fixated on solving the wrong problems 

  • Even if you solved the problem that you think you need to solve, it may not get you what you ultimately want to get 

  • If you get stuck on a problem - it’s the wrong problem 

  • What would it do for me if I solved this problem? Work on THAT solution instead of the original problem 

  • The no-risk tool you can use to solve any problem / reframe any problem 

  • The one question that can completely blow apart your thinking and help you solve any problem

  • Treating the symptom, not the root cause of the problem

  • We get stuck on a problem (or solution) because it seems like the easy thing to do - even if that’s not what we’re really after 

  • We often lie to ourselves, we don’t tell ourselves the truth, you often try to deceive yourself to maintain your self image 

  • The importance difference between disappearing a problem vs solving a problem 

  • What Would It Do For You If You Solved The Problem? (And give up the original problem) 

  • Why you have to get super clear about what you REALLY want to achieve (and how to do it)

  • Tell yourself the truth about the REAL problem and open up the problem-space and solution space for new ways of conceiving of it - so you that you can find new solutions 

  • Why do people deceive themselves and how do you move beyond self deception?

  • We all do things we aren’t proud of and we all have motivations we don’t want to admit - we have to develop the self awareness to see what the truth about ourselves and our motives are

  • Why Bernie says "Reasons are Bullshit” 

  • The only function of reasons is that they let you pretend that you are a reasonable person 

  • There’s no one cause for anything you do - the moment you isolate that single cause you are lying 

  • The way your brain works - you do stuff, and then you make up a reason to do it 

  • There are a multitude of reasons for everything - we just single out one and pretend it’s the entire cause 

  • We explain the world with a simple cause and effect model - and yet there is not one single cause for anything in the world 

  • Reasons can be “devastating” when they become excuses 

  • Reasons are an excuse for being late, not losing weight, not getting your job done, not creating the results you want, etc

  • It’s not rocket science - usually you know what needs to be done.

  • If you stop lying to yourself, it becomes easy to change your behavior 

  • Stop giving reasons, just do it or don’t do it 

  • When saying NO to people, you will get more reception if you don’t give a reason (aka an excuse) 

  • Fix yourself first, don’t worry about fixing others

  • In your own behavior, substitute the word REASON for the word EXCUSE

  • If you’re gonna stay in the game - don’t go more than 2 levels deep with these questions and reframes - reframe to the first thing it would do for you, then ask again “what would that do for me?” And reframe that to the real question and the real thing you need to work on

  • What’s the difference between Trying and Doing? (Was Yoda right?)

  • Trying and doing are NOT the same thing. 

  • If you’re trying to do something it might or might not happen. If you’re doing something you will make it happen, no matter what. 

  • When people are DOING - obstacles don’t defeat them - they make it happen. 

  • Obstacles are often a gift, unless you let them be a deterrent 

  • Reasons don’t matter. Throw the reasons out and make it happen. 

  • Force often takes a lot more energy than power, when you’re powerful you flow and achieve 

  • Knowledge is useless if you don’t apply it 

  • Homework: Stop using reasons. Reframe your problems. Ask yourself if you’re doing or trying, and decide which one it is. 

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybuttonsmall.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

content_AG__Logo_Stacked_Blue_small.jpg

We’re proud to announce that this week’s episode of The Science of Success is brought to you by our partners at Athletic Greens!

Athletic Greens is offering our listeners 20 FREE TRAVEL PACKS, a $79 value with your first purchase when you go to www.athleticgreens.com/success.

Start this year off with a new incredibly impactful and easy to maintain healthy habit with Athletic Greens. The fact is, the perfect diet doesn't exist, and ultimately falls short due to a busy lifestyle, travel schedule or restrictive diets. That's why Athletic Greens packs in 75 whole food sourced ingredients and covers you in 5 key areas of health, making it one of the most comprehensive supplements on the market.

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [TEDTalk] Transforming healthcare for children and their families: Doug Dietz at TEDxSanJoseCA 2012

  • [Video] Bernie Roth: "The Achievement Habit" | Talks at Google

  • [SoS Episode] This Is What Will Make You Finally Take Action - How To Bridge The Learning Doing Gap with Peter Shallard

  • [Book site] The Achievement Habit by Bernard Roth

Episode Transcript


[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than three million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we show you how to solve any problem in your life using a simple and no risk tool that you can start with right now. We dig into why you get stuck on problems and how we often deceive ourselves. We talk about why reasons are often a ruse and how they can become even more dangerous when they turn into excuses. We share these ideas and much more with our guest, Dr. Bernard Roth.

Do you need more time? Time for work, time for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life time, to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our e-mail list. It's called How You Can Create Time for the Things That Really Matter in Life. You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the e-mail list at successpodcast.com.

You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our e-mail subscribers. We recently pre-released an episode in an interview to our e-mail subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience. That had tremendous implications, because there was a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first.

With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live exclusive interview just for e-mail subscribers. There's some amazing stuff that's available only to e-mail subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the e-mail list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage.

Or if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44-222. That’s S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

In our previous episode, we showed you how to command your focus and attention. We discussed why many people have the wrong idea of what it means to be productive and how thinking that you need to boil your life down to spreadsheets and checklists is the wrong way to approach productivity. We shared the secret ingredient for true productivity and looked at exactly how you could implement it practically and realistically in your life with our previous guest, Chris Bailey. If you want to feel more focused and productive, listen to that episode.

Now, for our interview with Bernie. Please note, this episode contains profanity.

[0:02:53.6] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show, Bernie Roth. Bernie is the Co-Founder of the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford. He's one of the world’s pioneers in robotics and the primary developer of the concept of the creativity workshop. He's the bestselling author of The Achievement Habit: Stop Wishing, Start Doing, and Take Command of Your Life. His work has been featured in Fortune, New York Times, Fast Company, Business Insider and more.

Bernie, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:19.8] BR: Hi. Glad to be here.

[0:03:21.3] MB: Well, we're very excited to have you on the show today. I think your message in your work is really going to resonate with our listeners. I'd love to start out with a simple question that I think is going to unpack a lot of the ideas and themes that you've written about. Why do people get stuck on problems in their lives?

[0:03:37.1] BR: Well, I'd say the main thing that I've come up with in my studies is they are trying to solve the wrong problem. It's not usually that the problem is beyond them, or very difficult. It's just that it's the wrong problem.

[0:03:50.5] MB: What does that mean?

[0:03:51.4] BR: I'll give you an example. I was working with a group and some woman had the problem of she couldn't get her boyfriend to stop snoring. They had gone through all sorts of medical procedures, at wit's end and she just wanted to somehow get him to stop snoring. The method I used to define the right problem is to ask them what would happen if they solve their problem? When I asked, “What would it do for you if his snoring would stop?” She said, “I could get a good night's sleep.”

Okay, well at that moment if she was willing to let go of the snoring issue and just look at the real problem is how do I get a good night's sleep? Well, there are lots of solutions to that. The minute she reframed the problem from snoring to sleep, the solution space opened up tremendously. One of the solutions would be to get the boyfriend to stop snoring, but that isn't working. Okay, so what are the others? Well, I had them of course the fun answer I could give her right away would be well, the way you could get a good night's sleep is change boyfriends. More seriously, she could get a good night's sleep by sleeping in another room, by getting your earplugs. There are many ways of handling getting a good night's sleep.

That's a very simple and trivial example, but that's really what happens all the time. We're fixated on something. Now the truth is we're all great problem solvers. Everybody who's in your audience, I don't know them, but I'm sure they solve hundreds and hundreds of problems every day. They don't have problems eating, they don't probably walking and getting dressed, meeting people, phoning, looking at their cellphone or doing their e-mail, it goes on and on and on all the things they solve.

Why is it the things that people lose sleep over are generally really simple things. They're not rocket science. If you think about that and I've looked at it a long time with a lot of people, it's that they're really stuck on the wrong problem. Even if they solved it, it might not be the right problem, like if the boyfriend stopped snoring he might be very active sexually and she would never get any sleep. Who knows?

The point simply is that it's – most of us are bright enough to solve all the problems that come in our lives. The fact that we get stuck on problem shows that they're just the wrong one. I'll give you another trivial example; in my life, I had a visitor from Slovenia and I want to show him the wine country north of Stanford. I didn't have a car available, so I rented a car. We drove and we had a great time. At some point, the car was running short on gasoline. I pulled into a gas station. Then I started to look for the button that would open the gas tank cover.

I looked for about three or four minutes and I was very frustrated; every place I looked, which was where I had been in all other cars I've been in, it wasn't there. I took out the manual and I started to look for where it is and then a car pulled into the gas station that was of similar make. I ran up to the woman, I said, “This is a stupid question, but can you please tell me where the button that releases the gas tank cover is?” She said there is none.

Okay, so what I was doing is I was dealing with the wrong problem. I was trying to look for the button, instead of trying to get the cover open. It's a simple example of the kinds of things we do. We think we work – we were actually working with a solution that doesn't work and we think it's a question. These kinds of issues go on all at a time, including very serious technical problems and I can give you some problems from industry, I can give you some problems from research. It comes up all the time.

Even in areas – I used to do a lot of research on robotics and I would be one of the world's leading experts in the area. I would give a student a problem to work on for their thesis and we work and we work and then after about a year or so, we defined that wasn't quite the right problem. Once we found the right problem, it became very easy for the students to finish up and graduate and write up their thesis. It really occurs in almost all phases of problem solving, both the professional and personal life.

[0:08:10.3] MB: I think you bring up a really important point, which is the examples that you've given are fun and easy to understand, but the reality is that this applies to much larger and bigger problems in our lives, not just things like snoring.

[0:08:21.8] BR: Yeah, yeah. I'll give you a really great one from industry. It's actually a TED talk your listeners should watch. The guy’s name is the Doug Dietz and he was a – he still is. He's a chief designer at General Electric Medical and he designed the MRI machine for children. After some time, he went down to a local clinic to look at the machine. Basically, he talked to a nurse and she said, “We love your machine. It’s so great,” and he was feeling very proud of what he had done.

Then a child is dragged in screaming and kicking and the nurse says, “You have to leave because we have to sedate the child.” He finds out at that point that about 85% of the children that go into his machine have to be sedated. He feels very depressed that he did a terrible thing in the world. When he looked at the machine from a child's eyes, it looked like a metal monster. The child was asked to crawl into. They realized there was something wrong.

He went and started to do some research with children. He interviewed children that are chronic patients and had a lot of them. He found one girl that had a lot of cancer issues and she was getting a lot of radiation. He realized she had no adventure in her life at all. She just was into this medical situation whereas her siblings had all this adventure.

He realized really the problem was how do I put some adventure in this woman's life, this girl's life? What he had do is they repainted the rooms where they had these machines in the clinic. They made adventure series. They made one like a pirate ship. They made one like going to camp. It changed – they made comic books, they reframed the whole experience from the child from a medical experience to an adventure experience.

Really the question he realized retrospectively, he should have asked himself how do I bring some adventure into these poor children's lives? Not how do I give them a medical experience. That's on a more abstract level, but that's really the bigger – when you see the TED talk, he cries. He feels like he totally misunderstood the problem he should have been working on.

That happens over and over again. We've had people go to Myanmar ostensibly to design the water pumps and they realized the real problem is lighting and they design LED lighting. When it's all done, they've affected the lives of 10 million people that they wouldn't have if they'd stayed with the original problem with the water pump.

It happens on all levels of where people come in, companies assign us problems, I'm invited in as a consultant and they know a solution. They give me half the answer. Unless, I'm clever enough to reframe the problem, I'm just wasting everyone's time because they don't need me if they know the answer. It's just all the time, if you’re stuck, reframe the problem.

The way to reframe it is really simple. It's just ask yourself what do we do for you to solve the problem? Then work on that as the problem, not the original one. It's very easy to execute. I cannot tell you how many e-mails I get from people who’ve read about it in my book or heard one of my lectures, who find it's a really great tool and it's a no-risk tool. I mean, if it doesn't work, reframe it again. The way to reframe it is just simple. What would it do for me if I solve this problem? That gives you your new problem.

[0:12:03.6] MB: I love that reframing tool and I wanted to get into it, but I want to come back. Can you explain and elaborate a little bit on this idea that if you're stuck on a problem, it's the wrong one. Why do we get so fixated on solving the wrong problems?

[0:12:16.8] BR: It's just because our mind picks a solution. We jump to – as your listeners probably know, the amount of information comes in through our senses is minute compared to the amount of information that our brain has. You're getting these visual things when you look at something and then your brain tells you what you're looking at really. We're working on our historical experience. We're using stuff that's happened before and we look that way.

A good example, I was doing a workshop over at Microsoft and there's a big crowd and the question I asked people, what do you lose sleep over? This one woman was bravely enough, she raised the hand and she said, “I can't find a good man,” as an example. I come and said, “What would it do for you if you found a good man?” “Well, I’d have a good life.”

Well see, she made that jump that somehow a good man will give her a good life. Well, that's a ridiculous jump. I mean, I'm a good man and I was there not with my wife. If she had a real good man, he'd be out in the world. He wouldn't be giving her companionship. The point simply is we have a need and we try and jump to figure out what's going to satisfy it and often, it's the wrong thing. It's the classic thing when people have anxiety and they stuck themselves with food and they get fatter. They get fatter, because they don't do the right thing.

This is a perfect example. There's a woman, she's a science writer for the New York Times and she wanted to do some projects for New Year's Eve for her own readers. Somehow she talked to someone who knew me and the person told that she wanted to talk to me, because at the school we do all sorts of problem-solving.

She called me up and she said, “Well, what would be a good problem?” I said, “Well, it doesn't work that way. The way it works is you have to ask people what they're working on and then reframe it.” She said, “Well, give me an example.” I said, “Well, okay. Tell me, what in your life is really troublesome?” She said, “Well to be frank, it's a little embarrassing, but I've put on so much weight that I don't go out anymore and I skipped my college reunion because I didn't want my former classmates to see how heavy I've gotten, so all I do is sit home and meet my deadlines and write and write.”

I said, “Well okay, so what would it do for you if you lost – I mean, have you tried to lose weight?” “Oh, I've tried everything.” “All right, well what would it do for you if you lose weight?” She said, “Well, I’d have a social life.” I said, “Okay, forget about losing weight. Just work on your social life.” She said, “Thank you. I'll think about that.” Then I didn't hear anything from two months or something and then I got an e-mail from her. It says, “Look at my next Tuesday's column.”

I look at the column when it comes out and it says – well, she tells the story and then she says what happened is I just ignored the losing weight. I have a social life and I lost 25 pounds. It's a really good example how she didn't face what the real issue was and that she saw a symptom of it and tried to treat the symptom, rather than the – not disease, but the thing that wasn't working.

Yeah, I sent her a thank you message and all that. She just sent back a short message saying, “Yeah, it really works. She was amazed by it.” It's really in every realm of life. We see the solution, because it's the easy thing to do. We don't know that it would really help us. We decide to get married, because of maybe social pressures, or things like that, but maybe that's not what we're really after. If you get married, that's fine. A lot of people get married, it doesn't work and they get divorced and they try again, they try again.

It's just a matter of getting to what is really you want to get at. Now that may be hard for some people, because we tend to lie to ourselves. We don't tell selves the truth. We have a certain self-image. It’s very complicated. Basically, if you're open-minded about it and you're willing to let go, it will work. People don't even want to let go of the problems. A lot of people hug their problems. They want to talk to their friends about. They pretend they want to be rid of them, but they want to have – it gives them conversational topics. Really, if you're willing to let go of a problem, it's very easy to get the real solution.

The one thing you have to be really careful of is some people don't understand the difference between disappearing a problem and solving a problem. If you disappear a problem, it's never in your life again. It's gone. It's just totally gone. That's much better than solving a problem, because if you solve it, may undo itself and it'll still be there. Really, that's what you wanted and if you have really troublesome things, you want to make them disappear from your life. If you do that, it doesn't matter what the original problem is.

Getting back to that woman at Microsoft, if she had companionship, it wouldn't matter if she found a good man or not. If she found a loving dog, or she went into the army or whatever she would do to get companionship, or she wouldn't have to worry about finding good men. That's a disappeared problem. Then she might find a good man in spite of it, but it wouldn't be dealing with the issue of companionship.

It's a little complicated. People as you know for sure are complex, but it's a very simple model. What would it do for you to solve the problem? Don't hold on to the idea that you need to worry about the original problem. If it's really not the right problem, forget about it. Disappear it from your life.

[0:17:48.6] MB: I love that analogy of solving the symptom, instead of solving the root cause. I think it really gets to this idea of as you touched on that we have to be super clear about what we actually want, but the end result is that we're trying to really achieve. How do we battle through as you say it's deceiving ourselves to really figure out what we actually want?

[0:18:10.9] BR: You’re right. It may take some iteration, but you're doing this all in your head, or at home. There's no risk in it. If you have the wrong thing, reframe again. It's a matter of being truthful to yourself and though you may not know. You try one or two things, sometimes if you say, “What would it do for me?” You come up with something. Try coming up with several other things. Usually when you get the right thing, you feel it in your belly, you know that's the right thing.

Often work with groups, people come up with all sorts of things which are nonsense, which are not the right thing at all. It's really hard for them to tell themselves. An example of that was some woman I worked with her lack of sleep was due to getting her daughter into a good college. Clearly when I worked with her, it wasn't that at all, because once she'd gotten her daughter into a good college, she'd worry about who her daughter's sleeping with, or what her daughter is majoring in. She'd have other things to worry about.

The real problem was have to her to not have anxiety about her daughter and to let her daughter live her life and to be a supportive mother, but not an [inaudible 0:19:18.6]. Nothing to do with getting the daughter into a good college, because as I said, once you got her in there'd be other things to worry about. It's a matter of telling yourself the truth that the problem is not the daughter in college. The problem is my anxiety and I have to learn how to get it more equilibrium in my life and think or whatever. It's that thing. As I say, if it's not – doesn't strike gold the first time around, just keep reframing, you'll get to it.

[0:19:47.9] MB: I want to dig in more to this notion of lying to yourself. Why do people deceive themselves and how can we move past it?

[0:19:57.1] BR: Well, we have a self-image and we try to support that self-image, or go against – it's complicated. I grew up in New York and I know a lot of shady characters. Some of them pride themselves as being nasty people. Their self-image is that they were nasty. If they would do a kind thing, they had to make it into something nasty to make them not be soft as they think. Most of us who are more normal, we want to be nice people, we want to have a nice life and so forth.

We all do things which we're not proud of. We all do a nasty thing and we have motivations, which we're not willing to tell ourselves. It's just a matter of supporting who we want to be, or who we built ourselves up to and some people have the issues, they drag themselves down. We don't have a realistic picture of who we are in general. Whatever picture we have, we generally try to support that picture.

That makes it us have to lie to ourselves, because our actions are never – not always in accord with who we want to believe we are. That's one cause for that thing of doing – I want to be Bernie. I'm not I'm not this nasty person. Once I do something nasty, I have to lie to myself about it and blame someone for it, or make excuses. Again, we’re very complex and it's a very complex system that controls us.

Though we think we control it, whatever that is up in our head or our mind or wherever you want it, but we are on automatic so many times that it's just – I cannot tell you why I'm – to just tell you that's the way the system works and you can – there are various models as to what we're trying to do and how we're trying to protect ourselves. It's reality. I mean, everybody lies to themselves in one way or another.

[0:21:58.6] MB: You write about and talk about this under the framework of saying – you used the tongue-in-cheek phrase ‘reasons are bullshit’. Tell me a little bit more about that.

[0:22:07.8] BR: Actually, I'm more serious about than you think. I wouldn't mean and can call it a tongue-in-cheek phrase. I'd call it a definite understanding of the world. It goes like this, if you think about it, what is the purpose of reasons in the world? What purpose do reasons serve? I'm going to answer that question, so you don't have to worry about it.

For me, that the only thing they serve is to let you be a reasonable person, or pretend to be a reasonable person. If I do something nasty and someone says, “Why did you do that?” I have no reason, then I'm not a reasonable person. If I give them some reason for my doing it, then I'm a reasonable person. That's what it comes up to leaving something nice. Why did you do it?

The truth is we’re so complex. We have DNA in us that's come back down from the generations back to the cave people. We’re so complex that there's no one – there's actually no one cause for anything we do. The minute we isolate one thing as the reason we did something, we're lying. Because we're putting weight on something of which there are many different things and we're just rating it in a way that will make us feel good, in terms of our self-image or whatever we’re trying to support.

I mean, people have done experiments. They put people into MRI machines and they've given them a physical task to do. They’ve asked them the reason, push a button, push the on or the off button or something like that. Then they ask them, “Tell us why you do and didn’t do it.” It turns out that the part of the brain that fires the motor control that does it, fires much earlier than the part of the brain that gives you the reason.

Really, the model is you do stuff and then you make up a reason for doing it. That's the way we work; we do what we do. I'm not thinking about what I'm saying to you now. It's just coming out of me automatically, okay. If you ask me why'd you say that? Well, I'll think of a reason to tell you. I don't want to be rude to you, Matt. I have no idea why I said it, it just came out of my mouth and my brain. That's the way we operate.

There's many reasons for everything, but we pick the one. I often tell groups, if I'm talking to a big group, or if my mouth gets dry when I talk about it and if I say – when I get to get to talk about reasons and I say, “If you ask me why my mouth is dry, I'll say I'm talking a lot,” which is true, but that's not why my mouth is dry. It's true I'm talking a lot and it's true my mouth is dry, but I don't tell them the rest of the story.

The rest of the story is I'm always dehydrated. My wife is always on my case I don't drink enough. Invariably, I may have drunk a bottle of wine the night before, I may have biked 10 miles; a whole bunch of factors why my mouth is dry. I don't really know which one it is, but the obvious one that makes me hide stuff about me, I don't want to tell the group and makes it obvious is I'm talking a lot that my mouth is drying. No one questions that that's a good reason.

I actually used the – I put five O’s if you read my book for good, meaning no reason is good. That's all I did. It's a good reason that my mouth is dry, but that's nonsense because my mouth is dry even when I'm not talking on times. It's that thing, we have a simple cause and effect model. It doesn't work that way. It's much more complicated. There's no one course for anything practically. It goes back in your history. You don't know most of these things and the ones you know, you're going to pick the one that is the most advantageous in your conversation.

Who cares, right? It's fine. What do I care what reasons you give me? Yeah, it's just conversation, right? The problem is with that if you use reasons, they're often excuses. That's the devastating thing with reasons; they're often excuses. If you don't – if you keep using the excuses and you keep believing, you'll never change your behavior. That's why I'm very concerned and I picked a strong phrase like reasons of bullshit, meaning that any reason for human behavior is bullshit, in the sense it's not the reason.

There's many reasons for everything you do and when you pick one reason, bullshit. I don't care. It doesn't matter. It does matter to you if in fact you want to change your behavior. It's often an excuse for not getting stuff done. It's an excuse for not delivering the way you want to and for not living the life you want to. It’s an excuse for not losing weight, it's an excuse for being late, it's an excuse for not getting the job done, it's an excuse for everything and you'll never change if you don't face the truth.

My epiphany came some years ago. I was on the board of directors of a company in Berkeley and I would be in very late to the board meeting invariably. I was never on time to a board meeting. I'd come in and I'd say, in those days the highway was called Highway 17. I say, “The traffic Highway 17 was terrible.” They'd say, “It's okay, Bernie.” At some point, I realized it isn't okay and these people have other things to do with their lives and they shouldn't be waiting on me.

I realized I should either get off the board, or I should shape up and be responsible and give it another veil into my life to be there on time. Once I did that, I just left earlier. It's not rocket science. Because before, I would always just leave just in time that if there was no traffic in Palo Alto and no traffic on the road up to Berkeley, no traffic in Berkeley I'd be there in time. There was traffic, could you imagine that? There’s traffic on the road and I was always late.

Once I left early, my whole life changed. I went from the person that was always late on everything to the pain-in-the-neck who always starts everything on time and is never late at all. My life is much better. I don't have to weave in and out of traffic risking everyone's life and I don't have to make excuses. It just works so much better.

Well, I would have never done that. I would have never changed if I had just believed my bullshit reason of the traffic. It was true there was traffic, but that was not the reason I was late, okay. There were many reasons, okay, including not leaving on time. Not leaving early enough and not giving enough for the concern for being there, for my responsibility to the board.

It's that simple thing. The minute I stopped lying to myself and I could tell myself the truth, it was easy to change the behavior. If I kept lying, I would have never done it. That's what's the important thing about just keeping in mind reasons of bullshit. I work with people in the D school, nobody gives a reason, that they start with – well, I'm not going to give you the reason, right? Just nobody gives a reason for anything. They just do what they do, or they don't do what they do and they just say what's happening and what's not happening.

Another great example is I get several e-mails a month from somewhere in the world. Nowadays, it's Iran and China, Pakistan, of students who want to come to Stanford to do a PhD with me. I don't have to answer any of these e-mails. I don't know these people, but often, they're very well-researched. It's not just their professor, but they know me and they've looked up my work and all that. I feel I should be nice and give them an answer.

What I used to do before my epiphany about reasons is I used to say, “I'm sorry. I can't take you, because I don't have any money. Or I'm sorry, I can't take you because I'm going on sabbatical.” Invariably, they would push back. If I don't have any money, they have a rich uncle. If I'm going on a sabbatical, they can wait another year. It went on like that until I was just so frustrated I would truncate.

Nowadays, I don't give them a reason. I just say, “Sorry, I can't help you. Good luck.” About 90% of the time, I get an e-mail back saying, “Thanks for answering my e-mail professor.” It's the end of the story. I find in my whole life if I don't give reasons, people don't – unless people ask me for it, I don't give them a reason. I just tell them what I'm doing, or what I'm not going to do and life goes on. It works much, much better.

The point is you don't need reasons at all. The home if you use them is you're going to get in your own way and you're never going to change your behavior. If you're happy and nothing's fine, use reasons, keep doing it. If you just try it out, you're going to see it's amazing. The problem is I always want anyone I tell to, you cannot do this at home. You cannot tell anyone in your life the reasons are bullshit, because they will not like you anymore.

I have never told my wife reason of bullshit. I’ve never told my children. I never tell my friend. I tell people who do my workshops and I tell my co-workers and it's okay to say, “Bernie says this is bullshit.” It's not okay to tell someone their reasons of bullshit, but it's okay to tell yourself. It's really important to understand this is a really important tool. It works. It works with thousands of people. It works in my work environment in several places at the university.

Everyone knows they won't use bullshit reasons around me. It's really great and it makes people work at a higher level. Do not tell anyone else. If you see people doing it, just smile, just fix yourself. Don't fix anyone else, or you’re going to get into trouble. That's a long answer for reasons.

[0:31:42.8] MB: No, that was great. How does self-image tie into this?

[0:31:46.1] BR: Yeah. Well again, you’re using your reasons to support your self-image. Let's say, I have a sense of Bernie being a very reliable person and I let you down, okay. I promised you something Matt and I screw up and I don't do it. I'm not going to say, unless I’m big enough about it, I'm not going to say, “Hey Matt. I screwed up.” I'm going to give you something like, “Matt, I couldn't do that because, you know.” I'll give you some bullshit reason. That will help me not feel I let you down, but it'll also make it so I'll never change. That's the problem with it.

What I find really what you do is if you have to give someone a reason, don't be a jerk, give him a reason. If I say to myself, “I'm never going to do that again.” If I say, “Matt I'd let you down. I didn't do it because I got – I had an emergency and I say to myself in my head, “Hey, that's bullshit. I'm never going to lie to Matt again.” I'll lie to you again, but eventually I'll stop. If I keep calling myself on, eventually I'll stop and I'll say, “Matt, I want you to know I let you down. I really feel sorry about it and tell me what I can do to make it up to you.” Okay, I'll just be upfront about it. That's the difference between just being about what you want and taking responsibility for what you do and then you can become a better person if you want to. It's really easy.

[0:33:08.1] MB: I think it makes so much sense that if you almost reframe reason and just substitute that with a word excuse, in many cases you can essentially plug-and-play that and yet it completely changes the context of the statement.

[0:33:21.8] BR: That's the value in the whole concept. To me, that's the most valuable part of the whole concept. Most people won't use the word excuse, but they’ll use the word reason. What I'm doing is by calling it out that way, I'm making myself just conscious of that and it does really work. It does really cut down to these nonsense reasons. They'd let you change. That's the main thing to me; the main advantage is you can change. That’s what I would like to do in my life. I'd like to be the best Bernie I possibly can and I'm working on it.

[0:33:58.9] MB: I'm so excited to tell you about our sponsor for this holiday season, the incredible organization The Life You Can Save. I'm sure you get overwhelmed by the countless giving opportunities out there. You feel confused, frustrated and unsure about what the best thing to do is.

When that happens, you often end up making scattered donations to a smattering of random charities with no idea of the real impact you're creating on people's lives. That's why I love The Life You Can Save. You know the focus of the Science of Success is on being evidence-based. The beautiful thing about The Life You Can Save is that they focus on evidence-based giving, finding, selecting and curating the most high-impact donation opportunities, so that you don't have to do all that hard work.

You can start giving right now by visiting www.thelifeyoucansave.org/success. That's thelifeyoucansave.org/success. They've already done the homework and they have an incredible, well-curated compelling list of hugely impactful giving opportunities, where your donation will be high leverage and cost-effective.

Our hearts, relationships and networks often guide our giving. The resulting donations usually do some good, but rarely as much as we like them to do. The Life You Can Save makes it so that you can easily navigate how to make your charitable giving go much, much further. Well, you may not be as wealthy or successful as Bill Gates, yet you can still have an enormous impact on the lives of people living in extreme poverty that can experience dramatic improvements in their lives for much smaller donations. 

Visit thelifeyoucansave.org/success to find out more and make rational evidence-based charitable gifts this holiday season.

[0:36:09.6] MB: I want to come back to the reframing question, because I think it's really important and I want to dig into that a little bit deeper. Just for listeners who might have missed it earlier, can you restate the question that you used to flip problems and to reframe them?

[0:36:24.7] BR: Sure. If I have a problem that I’m – We're all good problem solvers, but there are problems that we get stuck on and everyone has problems they will sleep over and they just don't go away. Those problems, if you ask yourself what do we do for you if you solve that problem? If that problem was gone for your life, what would it do? How would it change your life? What would it accomplish for you?

You take the thing that it would do for you and you make that the problem you want to solve, your reframed from the original thing to the thing that you really want to happen. You have a problem then that when you do that, it opens up the solution space tremendously, because it includes the original thing you're working on, with that it won't work for you, but it gives you a whole bunch of other things that will work and often, just very simple to be there and it's over. I had a classic example in my life; I was worried they changed the laws and it was an issue whether I should retire or not. I could not retire. I was losing sleep over it.

When I applied this method to myself I said, “What would it do for me if I could decide whether to retire or not?” I said, “I could stop worrying about it.” I said, “Well, how do I stop worrying about whether to retire or not?” It was like a lightbulb. I just stopped literally and it's – I don't want to tell you how many years ago it is, I never thought about it again. Whereas, I'd lost two months sleep worrying about this decision.

I didn't even have to make the decision. Nobody can. I have beaten myself up socially thinking I had to make that decision. Once I realized once I made the decision I would for me, it’s like stop worrying about. I stopped worrying about it without making the decision. I mean, it's so simple. It was I cannot tell you the feeling of excitement I had when that happened in my head. That was a simple example of when you reframe it, often the problem just disappears because you were working on the wrong problem. Not an issue. Sometimes it doesn't. Sometimes it's a hard problem. Now the solution space is bigger and you will find an answer.

[0:38:26.4] MB: The question is what would it do for me if I solve this problem? Then you take that result of that answer and you flip it and go to work on just achieving that result through any different avenue that you might think about.

[0:38:38.8] BR: You forget about your original problem statement. Just it's gone. You don't need that. It's gone. It's the wrong thing. You were working on the wrong thing. Oops, I didn't mean to waste all that time. Forget about it. Then go on the new thing. When you solve that, it will take care of what you thought you were going to take care of in the first place.

[0:38:57.4] MB: I think it was in your Google Talk, you mentioned the idea of never going more than two levels with that question. Can you explain that?

[0:39:04.8] BR: Sure. Yeah, well it's this whole idea of bullshitting yourself and lying to yourself. Keep going up, you’re going to get to the ultimate existence question. I've met people like that in India and they're blind from looking at the sun and they haven't talked to anyone in five years and they're naked in the woods. If you're going to stay in the game, you don't want to go up more than two levels because you get to these questions of existence. If you're going to play the game, usually one level is enough, but maybe you do it twice, so once you get to the first thing you would do for you, you ask yourself what that would do for you and you get another thing.

You can keep going on, but the truth is you've been lying to yourself because once you go up one level, or at most two, you have to know what the real question is. If it isn't, you have to just go back and start again. Because we have that workshops all the time; the people want to keep going and it's nonsense. There's never a need to go beyond one or most two iterations on that.

Then you've got the solution space and you got the problem. If you’re lying to yourself, of course you'll never be there because you're not really getting the thing you really need. You have to just go back and say, “Just imagine me,” or someone standing next to you saying, “Bullshit, bullshit. Give yourself the right reason.” You can try various reasons, but the problem is our self-image so we don't say the nasty things. I often get this thing. The problem is how do I get my company to do X, okay? Why would you want your company to do X? “Oh, well. It would be better for the company.”

Now I keep working on. It's all bullshit. They hope they're going to get a raise. They hope if they get the company to get X, they'll get recognized and their boss will give them a raise. The question is really now how to get the company to do exit questions, how do I get a raise? To tell a different question, they get the company to do X and they could even get fired. Who knows? It's that thing. People's self-images, they don't feel good that they want to get a raise or they want to better than their colleague. They make up some grandiose public thing, like something good for the company.

Well, that's never going to get you unstuck if you’re stuck, if you’re lying to yourself. That's what I'm talking about. You can go on to 10 levels and never get to the right answer if you don't tell yourself the truth, which may not be something that you're proud of. It's all done in your head. It's not much risk, except for yourself and learning more about yourself.

[0:41:40.4] MB: I want to get to the distinction between trying and doing. I know you've written and talked a lot about that as well and I think it's really important to share with the listeners.

[0:41:48.6] BR: Yeah. That's an important thing. I agree with you. I think it's a very important thing. The first thing is that Yoda aside in Star Wars who he says this, “No try, just only do.” There is a try and the trying is okay. There's nothing wrong with trying in the world and there's nothing wrong with doing. The problem is we conflate the two. We think they are the same thing and they're not.

The way I see it, if you're trying to do something it might or might not happen. If you're doing something, it's going to happen no matter what, okay? What happens is people think they're doing, but they're really only trying because they run into an obstacle and they're defeated. If people are easily defeated, that's called trying. It's not called doing. It's okay. Sometimes it's better to be to try and not to do – if you do, sometimes you might kill yourself, you might do harm to the world.

I'm not voting as to whether trying, or doing are better than the other, but I am voting and saying that do not confuse them. If you're doing, then you are going to make it happen no matter what. Within your moral stand, if I have to kill you to do it I might change my mind. If I'm going to do it, I'm going to do it – I'm not going to let an obstacle stop me. A trivial example is my wife and I we’re driving past a movie in San Francisco and I noticed a huge crowd in front of it. We drive past that movie theater many times and there never anyone in front of it.

I figured, “Wow, this is going to be a great show. We should go.” My wife was reluctant, but I convinced her. I told her to get out of the car and buy two tickets and I went to park the car. When I came back 10 minutes later, she was in front of the box office, but not on line. I asked her why wasn't she on line? She said, “They were sold out. She couldn't get tickets.” At that time, she was defeated, right?

The truth is she was trying to go. She didn't really have an investment going. She just was trying to please me. When they put an obstacle in her way with no tickets, she was over it. It was done. I was going to go, didn't matter what, so I went along the line and eventually I scrounged two tickets and we went and of course, she was right, it was terrible, we shouldn't have gone.

The point simply is it was the difference between trying and doing. She was trying, she hit an obstacle, she had a good reason for not going on, they were sold out. I was doing. The fact that they didn't have tickets didn't stop me one second. I just walked down a line and I got tickets. I bought some tickets from people. I was going to go in no matter what. I'm just going to spend, it wouldn't matter how much money. I actually bought the tickets at face value, but I would have spent a lot of money because I wanted to go. It's as simple as that, you understand?

I had another example, which is the opposite one. I was supposed to go to Dallas, Forth Worth for somebody to give me some research money. I was glad to have the money, but I really didn't want to go to the meeting. I got to the San Francisco Airport and it was a miracle, all the flights to Dallas, Forth Worth were cancelled because of snowstorms. I called up. I said, “I'm sorry. I can't come.” They said that's fine and that was the end of the story.

Now the truth is I was trying to get to Dallas and I got a good excuse not to go there. If I was really going to go to Dallas, if my life depended on getting to Dallas, Forth Worth, the fact that the airport was closed with a snowstorm would not have stopped me, okay. I still could've gotten if I really wanted to get there.

That's what you have to understand. The difference between trying and doing is there will be obstacles often. If you're trying, you'll stop and that's fine. Nothing’s wrong with it. Could be the best thing. If you really want to do it, the obstacle will not stop you. It's just an excuse if you use the obstacles of bullshit reason. It all ties together, bullshit reasons come up all the time in making us go from when we're trying – we’re doing something to trying to do it, they convert us because they stop us.

There are so many stories about miracles that happen by people transcending these obstacles and gets them to a much better solution than if there were no obstacles. In a way, the obstacles are in fact often a gift. They're not really deterrence, unless you let it be a deterrence, you see. That's what I mean with the difference between trying and doing.

[0:46:05.1] MB: I love the idea that this trying-doing distinction mirrors in many ways the same principle of moving beyond excuses and reasons and moving into execution.

[0:46:15.5] BR: Absolutely. It's actually, it's a good application of bullshit reasons, because often there – as I say, you're doing something and you get frustrated and you stop and then you have a reason, a good reason why you couldn't do it. My wife had a good reason why she couldn't do it; they were sold out. She wasn't lying. It was the truth. That's not why you can’t go to the theater. That's the same thing. These reasons are just, they’re nonsense because there are lots of ways of handling stuff.

I had a friend, I met him when he came to Stanford. He had a back injury in the shower. He was a swimmer and he had a back surgery and the surgeon told him he's never going to swim again competitively. He didn't listen. He actually went to the Olympics and he’s got a gold medal and set a world record. He's a serial entrepreneur and he told me that at a very early age that if you get an obstacle, it doesn't necessarily stop you. Walking around the obstacle can really be something, because he was a better swimmer than if he hadn't had that accident in his mind. It’s that kind of thing really, that it's just how determined you are.

You see it all the time around the university; students get frustrated with something, they walk away and some other student is more persevering, they go through and they get it. Some people just built into that. The minute they encounter a no, that means I can't do it. Other is the minute they encounter no, they get excited, “Now I'm going to do it in spite of that.” It's just your attitude towards life.

[0:47:50.0] MB: I love this idea that obstacles are gifts and sometimes they can even result in a stronger outcome, or a better result once you've transcended them.

[0:47:58.9] BR: Yeah. If you don't, you're doing a prosaic way if there's no obstacle and everything. It's just, you're going to do what everyone else would do. If you get the obstacle and you got something you know, if I had gone to Dallas, Forth Worth magically, I have a story for the rest of my life, instead of just going home reading a book, if I had chosen to take the road then, but I wasn't going. I mean, it's a gift because I was very glad to try to not get there.

It’s that way all the time. If you think about the things in your life that you're really proud of, usually it's because you got through an obstacle and you did something that was amazing for you.

[0:48:35.9] MB: You've also touched on this notion about the distinction between power and force and how that interacts with doing and trying.

[0:48:42.6] BR: Yeah. I think that's an important notion also. I think that if you – I do an exercise in my groups where I hold something and I have someone to try and take it away from me. Then I change the rule and they don't succeed. Then I ask them this time, it's a different instruction, take it away from me. Don't try to do it. Take it away from me. Oftentimes, they just try harder. They just try. What they do is they're trying to use force. The first time they’re using the little force, the next time they’re using a greater force.

If they're really want to take it away from me, they have to use power. They have to whisk it away that I don't even know what happened. It’s a Chito Davies exercises in your mind. If they exercise power, I wouldn't have a chance and they would just take it. Wouldn't even be a contest. It wouldn't be struggling over it. That whole analogy is really important, because in life it's much more better to be powerful than it is to be forceful.

If it really doesn't go and we try, we’re using force. It takes a lot of energy to try and use a lot of force and stuff. If you're powerful, you just do it. It's beyond worrying about the – just flow, just a flow is a good analogy to it. In one case it’s flows, in the other case it's effortful. In my case if it flows, it's powerful, it's a power, it's not a struggle, which is force. Now you might get me with force, but it's even you get it, it's not so elegant and it's fatiguing.

I think it is a really good notion to understand in life it's much better to be powerful than forceful. It's different. In my mind a different color, a different personality and all that. I could be – in the D school, I could be a forceful boss, but I think of myself as a powerful boss because I lead from the bottom and I don't want force anyone to do anything. I lead by example and I feel very powerful, because I know what's going to happen. Whereas, just forceful I have to watch them exactly. I don't watch anybody. I just feel it just the power exudes out of the place itself. It's both the organizational and it's personal, but it's really a good – a really good model to think in terms of.

[0:51:08.0] MB: How do we begin to operate out of a place of power, instead of a place of force?

[0:51:12.2] BR: Well, I think it has to do with integrity and not being an asshole. I think in general, people that are assholes try and be powerful, exert whatever it is. They may be in a position where they can do that, or they may not, but it doesn't work, it's not appropriate. I think, power comes – force comes from a negative instinct of pushing around instinct, and power comes from just a powerful being, just your own self, you exude what you're doing and you're confident in it, you know what your level is, you know what's appropriate for you and you work that way and well, you may recruit others, but it's done from a truly given thing, not from a forceful thing.

I would say that's my intuitive model of what I'm talking about there. It's a matter of having confidence in yourself and doing what feels the right thing for you. If it isn't, then you're working harder and you’re forcing them. Maybe you would have figure out some other way to be you and some other way to work. It's a subtle notion, but I think for me it's a powerful notion. In that one exercise that I mentioned to you about taking something away from me, I just feel it with people. I cannot tell you the difference between tugging and forcing and just the power of I can't even resist. I know don't there's no chance that I'm going to hold on to it. That happens very rarely, I might mention. It does happen on occasion. Most people use force all the time.

[0:52:51.5] MB: Overall, I think this seems like a winning formula for execution; reframing your problems, not letting bullshit reasons get in your way and operating from a place of doing. All of these seem like a really powerful combination for achieving any result that you have in front of you.

[0:53:08.0] BR: I agree. I agree. It works for my life. My book is basically based on my life experiences as a professor and as an engineer. I've been teaching this stuff for over 40 years way before there was a D school. I cannot tell you how many people are out there who I meet years later and they say, “That class changed my life. I'll never forget.” They always pick something, like reasons of bullshit, or trying or doing, or reframing. “I cannot tell you how much that helped me, professor. Thank you.”

Now we have the book, so I get all these e-mails from people I've had this problem for 30 years and my chapter three was gone. Thank you. It works. It all works. It’s like everything, not everything works every time and every moment for everyone. There's enough in it that is really useful for you to apply in your life. You have to use it. I mean, I have a colleague, he comes to workshop I do once a year. After workshop he says, “That reframing stuff is great. I just –” I do an exercise in the workshop. He said, “It just took care of my problem again.”

I'm nice to him. I hug him and I thank him, but I wonder why does he wait every year for the workshop to do it? Why doesn't he do it himself during the year when he has a problem? From that, I've got the idea that a lot of people they listen to things and they read things and they believe them. It's good, but they don't apply them. Well, to me it's useless if you don't apply it. It doesn't matter if you think it's a great idea, or a terrible idea. You have to apply it in your life and see how it works. Give it a chance and then why you experience, this stuff really works.

[0:54:46.3] MB: We call that the learning-doing gap. We have a couple podcast episodes about it. I'm curious, for listeners who want to concretely implement what we've talked about today, what would be one piece of homework that you would give them to start implementing some of these ideas?

[0:55:01.0] BR: Yeah, sure. Well, I'd say three; one is don't use reasons. It's as simple as that. Every time it's yourself using reason, attempt to stop doing it. Or if you do it, just tell yourself I'm not going to do it again, that's one. Another thing is if you find yourself losing sleep over problem several nights in a row, reframe it. That would be another thing. The third thing is next time you're doing something, ask yourself if you're really going to be doing it, or you're just trying to do it. Decide which one it is and then see what happens. Three simple things.

[0:55:38.0] MB: Great pieces of advice, all of them; easy to execute as you mentioned earlier, risk-free in the sense that there's no downside.

[0:55:45.2] BR: Absolutely. No downside at all, really.

[0:55:48.1] MB: Bernie, where can listeners find you and your work online?

[0:55:51.9] BR: Well, the best place – I have a webpage for my book, which is called – the title of the book is The Achievement Habit, but somebody grabbed that away from me. The web page is achievementhabit without the The. Just achievementhabit.com. You'll get a lot of examples and a lot of things about my book info. You'll see some of the workshops I've run. That's really a good place to refresh your mind on these things we talked about here.

[0:56:18.8] MB: Well Bernie, thank you so much for coming on the show, for sharing all this knowledge and wisdom. Really great strategies for achieving the results that we want in life.

[0:56:26.9] BR: Thank you very much. It was my pleasure to be here. It was a nice conversation. I enjoyed it.

[0:56:31.3] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter", S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talk about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


January 03, 2019 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity

Why It’s So Hard To Follow Through On Your Goals with Dr. Sean Young

December 20, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we ask - why you don’t follow through on the things that are most important to you? How can someone facing down near death fail to follow essential health protocols? What causes people to self sabotage? Why is it so hard to follow up and follow through with your goals? We share the important lesson that it’s not about more information - it’s about finding the right pattern of behaviors and habits to match with your desired goal - and building a scientifically validated process to make sure you actually achieve them. We discuss this and much more with our guest Dr. Sean Young. 

Dr. Sean Young is the Executive Director of the University of California Institute for Prediction Technology. He has previously worked with companies such as NASA and has spoken in forums such as the European Parliament. He is the author of the #1 Wall Street Journal Best-Seller Stick With It: A Scientifically Proven Process for Changing Your Life - For Good and his work has been featured across the globe.

  • When we fail to create personal change, is it a question of lack of willpower?

  • Why don’t we follow through on the things that matter most to us?

  • It’s not about changing the person, its about changing the process 

  • What is the science behind sticking with your goals?

  • It’s almost never a question of having enough information - smokers KNOW smoking is bad, and yet they keep doing it, people KNOW how to lose weight, but they don’t 

  • “A, B, C Behaviors"

  • Automatic Behaviors

    1. Burning Behaviors

    2. Common Behaviors 

  • Not all behaviors are created equal - and not all habits solve certain kinds of behaviors 

  • Automatic behaviors happen without conscious thought

  • Burning behaviors - things like addictions, “having to do something” having to play video games, having to check your phone, having to text someone, etc. 

  • Common behaviors - we are aware of what we’re doing - but we often can’t stick with it because other things come up 

  • The 7 Forces of Behavior Change - well documented psychology research 

  • The “SCIENCE” Framework - each letter represents a different one of these 7 tools you can use to create behavior change

  • Step Ladders

    1. Community

    2. Important

    3. Easy

    4. Neurohacks

    5. Captivating

    6. Engrained 

  • We have to create behavioral and habit change in small incremental steps

  • The “steps, goals, and dreams” framework that helps quantify and looks at how to differentiate between steps, goals and dreams

  • A dream is something that takes more than 3 months 

  • A goal takes between 1 and 3 months

  • A step takes a week or less

  • Make change easier for yourself - remove barriers to the behaviors you want to foster and create barriers towards the things you don’t want to do 

  • Joe Colombe and the story of building a business around making it easy for consumers 

  • What are “Neurohacks” and how can we use them to switch our behavior over time?

  • If you want to create change it doesn’t start with the mind, it starts with the behavior first, and then your mind will follow 

  • Rewards sometimes work, but they need to be the right ones. 

  • The rewards you use have to be the most captivating 

  • First, figure out what kind of behavior it is. Then, determine the right Force of Behavior Change to use on that particular favor. 

  • Most powerful Tool for each behavior type?

  • A & B behaviors - Easy is the best thing to do 

    1. C behaviors - step ladders & community are the key pieces (social support, competitions and breaking it down into easy steps)

  • Homework:

  • Step One: What Kind of Behavior Are You Trying to Change?

    1. Step Two: Put together a calendar, and take small action steps towards the goals you want to achieve. 

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybuttonsmall.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

logo_color.png

Make a positive impact this giving season!

And let us make it easy and help you do it!
That's why for the rest of 2018, we're proud to be partnering with The Life You Can Save!

CharityImage-01.png

For a limited time, we're giving you the chance to win a free $100 donation to The Life You Can Save charity and cause of your choice!

Simply click here or the image above and submit your answer to be instantly entered to win!

The Life You Can Save has a well-curated, compelling list of impactful giving opportunities where your donation will be HIGHLY IMPACTFUL and cost-effective!

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [Article] The “Do Something” Principle by Mark Manson

  • [Personal Site] Sean D. Young PhD

  • [Twitter] Sean Young

  • [Book] Stick with It: A Scientifically Proven Process for Changing Your Life-for Good by Sean D. Young

Episode Transcript


[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than three million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we ask why you don’t follow through on the things that are most important to you? How can someone facing down mere down fail to follow essential health protocols? What causes people to self-sabotage? Why is it so hard to follow-up and follow through on your goals? We share the important lesson that it’s not about more information. It’s about finding the right pattern of behaviors and habits to match with your desired goal and building a scientifically validated process to make sure you actually achieve them. We discuss this and much more with our guest Dr. Sean Young.

Do you need more time? Time for work, time for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life, time to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our e-mail list. It's called How You Can Create Time for the Things That Really Matter Life. You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the e-mail list at successpodcast.com.

You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our e-mail subscribers. We recently pre released an episode in an interview to our e-mail subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience and that had tremendous implications, because there is a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first.

With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live exclusive interview just for e-mail subscribers. There's some amazing stuff that's available only to e-mail subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the e-mail list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page.

Or if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44-222. That's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

Our previous episode was a bit different than a normal episode of Science of Success. We shared the incredible real-life story of the epic quest to see how the world's most successful people launched their careers. Including a wild journey of hacking the price is right, meeting Bill Gates and Lady Gaga in an epic five-year quest to study and learn from the world's top achievers.

This is a topic I've dedicated my life to and this fascinating discussion with our previous guest, Alex Banayan shines some new light on one of the most important questions of our lives; what was the inflection point that set massively successful people's lives on a different trajectory? If you want to discover what set the world's top achievers on their own unique and different paths, listen to our previous episode.

Now, for our interview with Sean.

[0:03:28.8] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show, Dr. Sean Young. Sean's the Executive Director of the University of California Institute for Prediction Technology. He's previously worked with companies such as NASA and has spoken in forums such as the European Parliament. He's the author of the number-one Wall Street Journal bestseller Stick With It, a scientifically proven process for changing your life for good. His work has been featured across the globe. Sean, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:56.1] SY: Thanks for having me, Matt.

[0:03:57.4] MB: Well, we're really excited to have you on the show today. To start out, I'd really love to dig into this fascinating idea that you talked about, which is that personal change in our current society we often think about people's inability to change as a problem of willpower, or a problem with the individual, but you say that that may not be the case.

[0:04:16.9] SY: Yeah, there are a lot of misconceptions we have about change and how people, how we ourselves or others can stick with things that we want to do. That's really what got me interested in this area and ultimately, writing Stick With It. There were a number of personal and professional things going on in my life back, I guess it's about 15 years ago now. I was a graduate student at Stanford studying psychology. I was working at NASA Ames and in startups and I was a musician. I have a music background.

There are a number of things going on that got me to question why don't people stick with things that we want to do? Ultimately, one of the most important of those issues was something very personal to me related to my family. I'm really close with my family. I'm extremely close with my brother. My brother has something called Crohn's disease, or a intestinal disease. He and I were in a band. I was up at grad school at Stanford, the band came up, we played a show. He after the show, couldn't go back home to Southern California with the rest of the bandmates. He was in too much pain.

I brought him the emergency room and it turns out that his intestines had burst. They said he was minutes away from dying. He almost died. Afterward, he was in the hospital there at Stanford for about two or three weeks recovering. They told them he's going to have to take daily medication. He was going to have to do other things to change his life. My mother and I who were there, we’re really pushing you got to reduce stress and meditate and eat better and exercise and all these things, which he said he would do a 100%. Ultimately, he did not end up doing those things.

It really got me questioning – I mean first, it made me angry. It made me frustrated. I was so scared, because I had been right next to him when he almost died and now he wasn't following through with these recommendations that he said he would do, that he knew were good for him. Why was he not doing these things?

I initially was studying thinking is it something wrong with him? Over time from studying this from applying the research that I did in psychology, from applying it with technologies we've done, and over 15 years or so of time of studying and talking to experts, I found that so many people, really all of us have this same issue, where there are things that all of us in our lives or in our work say that we're going to do or want to do, but don't follow through.

We're often, we typically are taught to put blame on ourselves or on others for not following through at those things. We're told, if you want to be able to be more successful at work, just be like someone else who's more successful. We have examples of Bill Gates or Mark Zuckerberg or Steve Jobs in tech. Just become like them and read a book, or become the way they are, have the same routine that they do.

In medicine, I'm a professor in family medicine at UCLA. I'll talk with doctors and will say, I prescribed medication to my patients. They didn't take it. What's wrong with them? We're taught to become someone else, or put the blame on ourselves, or others if we don't follow through. What I've learned through this research over a number of years is that it's not about changing the person. It's just about changing the process.

All of that led to through the course of my own study and research doing this at UCLA as a professor and overseeing the Center for Digital Behavior and Institute for Prediction Technology, we've studied this research in our own work with patients within public health and I consult on the side and have done it with consulting with companies and startups, and even have applied this science that I've learned to my own life. Ultimately, Stick With It was my attempt to when people ask me these questions of what is the science spine of how to stick with things.

I took research from old classic research from psychology and distilled that, as well as cutting-edge research from our own group and others into packageable new material of how do we use the science of sticking with things.

[0:08:53.6] MB: Why is it that we don't follow through on the things that often matter most to us?

[0:08:58.1] SY: There are a number of reasons. One of them, we are taught to assume that people don't stick with, or just not educated enough. That's one thing we're taught. We're told, if you don't exercise, if you don't sell enough products, whatever it is, you just don't have enough information is what we're told. That's actually not really true.

In public health research, we know with smoking you can tell someone, you’re going to hit them over the head tell them not to smoke and why they shouldn't, but they just keep doing it. Education is not the reason why we don't. It's not lack of money. We're taught that if you just pump money into something and if you advertise the hell out of it and then people will keep buying it. That's not true.

We've learned what it really comes down to is that there are three different types of behaviors, or what I call A, B and C behaviors, or what stands for Automatic, Burning and Common behaviors. I can get into this in a minute later on. Not all behaviors are the same. We can't just – a lot of people talk about habits; just build habits and if you build good habits, you'll be able to do whatever you want in your life.

Well, habits are only a small part of the behaviors we do in our lives. Habits are unconscious things that we do. There's a science behind how you build habits and stick with habits, but what about the rest of all the different types of behaviors we do? Well, there are three different types of behaviors and there's a science and specific tools for how we change and stick with those behaviors. People are not incorporating that science of I call the ABCs of behavior and there are seven tools for how we change those ABCs.

[0:10:46.7] MB: It's a really interesting conclusion that not all behaviors are created equal and not all habits solve each behavior.

[0:10:55.3] SY: It's intuitive if we think about so many other things, but we don't think about that in terms of psychology. We’re all aware of physical forces in our lives, even if we haven't taken a physics class, we know that there are physical forces moving on an object. An airplane, we have to be aware of winds on an airplane and how it affects the winds and things like that to fly it safely, the aerospace engineers who make it, the pilots, everyone who's a part of it has to be aware of those physical forces that move objects.

There are actually physical forces, or there are behavioral forces that move people in certain ways too and we need to be aware of those behavioral forces. There are seven of them that I talked about in Stick With It. What it means is that just if you're using a toolkit and you can't use a screwdriver, let's say to hammer something down, there are specific tools, behavioral tools that we can use for changing different types of behaviors, because they're not all the same.

[0:12:04.5] MB: Before we get into the different toolkits and how we should apply them to each of those behaviors, which I think is a great insight and a really thoughtful way of approaching this problem, I want to dig a little bit deeper into each of these as you call them ABCs of behavior. Let's start with the A, the automatic behaviors. Tell me what exactly are automatic behaviors and how do we notice or discover them in our lives?

[0:12:26.8] SY: Yeah. Automatic behaviors are things that like the name, we do automatically. We're not even aware that we're doing them. Let's say you and I are talking and you're – are you a New Yorker? You look like you're on the East Coast, right?

[0:12:41.2] MB: I'm in Nashville, but I used to live in New York.

[0:12:43.5] SY: You used to be in New York, okay. Well, so New Yorkers are – my family's from New York and New Yorkers are often loud and talkative and interrupt each other all the time. If I was interrupting you while you're talking, probably something that I'm doing and I'm not even aware that I'm doing. It's just, let's say something that I was brought up, or got used to doing. That's something that happens automatically. It's an automatic behavior. Automatic behaviors are because they're done automatically, there's a certain way and certain tools that you use for changing automatic behaviors.

B behaviors are burning behaviors. These are things where you're aware of what you're doing, but you feel you can't stop yourself. When you wake up in the morning, I mean, I don't know about you, but probably the first thing I do when I wake up in the morning is I lean over and grab my phone and maybe I'll check e-mail, or check what time it is, or whatever it is. I can stop myself from doing it, but it's pretty difficult. It's just become – I wouldn't call it a habit, because it's not completely automatic, but it's difficult to do it.

We're conscious of what we want to do, but it feels we can't stop. Addictions, or the way we typically people talk about addictions not from a clinical perspective, but when we typically talk about addictions, we're talking about burning behaviors. Things like, just having to play video games, having to check your phone, having to check a text message, those are burning behaviors. Because we're aware of those, there's a different – slightly different set of tools for changing B behaviors an A behaviors.

Last, C behaviors are common behaviors. These are called that because it's actually the most common of all behaviors. Most things that we want to change are C, or common behaviors. Common behaviors where we're aware of what we're doing. We just often can't stick with it, because other things come up. Let's say, I want to be able to get more work done today. I was talking to someone yesterday and he called me and he was coming actually from a real estate investor background. He wanted to be able to be more efficient with his work. How does he avoid distractions that are coming up?

Often, if we’re working and our friends call us and say, “Hey, let's go out to dinner,” or some other distraction comes, we would just put our work aside and say, “I'll get back to it later.” That's a C behavior. It's often due to motivation, or other types of distractions. There's a different set of tools, or forces used for changing C behaviors than B or A. You can understand when people often say, right now there's this big emphasis on changing habits, well if you want to get yourself to go for a run every day, that's never going to be an automatic habit. You're never just going to put on your running shoes, go run around for a half hour, come back and not even realize that you did it. That's never going to happen. It's a C behavior, because we're at least a lot of the time that we go for a run, we're going to be aware of what we're doing. We need different tools for getting ourselves to do that.

[0:15:57.7] MB: Are common behaviors positive goals, things we’re aspiring towards, or the negative things we’re trying to avoid, or can they be both of those?

[0:16:05.9] SY: It can be both. You can imagine a common behavior could be I want to – like in the example I just gave, this person wanted – he’s a real estate investor. “I want to be more efficient with my time. I want to avoid distractions and focus more.” Those could be flipped around either way. It could be, “How do I avoid distractions and remove distractions, or how do I train myself to focus more?” The same thing, I want to be able to run more, or I want to stop eating junk food.

[0:16:35.2] MB: We have all these different buckets of behavior and there's also a toolkit that you've not necessarily developed, but brought to light and done some research around as well that you talk about the seven forces of behavior change that we can use to bring to bear on each of these different behaviors. Tell me a little bit about that.

[0:16:52.7] SY: A, B and C is I came up with that just based on seeing behaviors aren't all the same. The seven forces or tools for changing them, those are well-documented throughout psychological research, that there are a lot of different things that we can do to change people's behavior. I put these together in a framework called SCIENCE, where each one of the letters of the word ‘science’ represents a different one of these seven tools.

The acronym SCIENCE, I didn't call it science because you have to be a scientist, or you have to be a doctor or anything. It's just so that we remember these are rooted, like this podcast where you want to [inaudible 0:17:36.2] on science. These are rooted in decades of scientific research, as well as in more cutting-edge research.

We can get into each one individually. The S stands for stepladders, C for community, I for important, E for easy, N for what I call neuro hacks, the next C stands for captivating and the last E stands for engrained.

Maybe a good starting point is to talk about stepladders. That one is first and it's also the simplest, not necessarily the easiest to implement, but it's the simplest idea. It's just the idea of let's do things in small steps. If you want to get yourself, forget others to continue doing things, then doing them in small incremental steps is helpful. What is a small incremental step? How do we know what that actually is?

There was a person I ran into. I was at the market and this guy was just – he wanted to run a marathon. He was telling me a story and he said he had been trained in army intelligence, so he was at the Language Institute in Monterey; really smart guy. Trained in Arabic language and at the institute, he – in high school he was a cross-country runner; ran 10 miles easily. In high school, studied at the language institute, went off to the military, served our country in Afghanistan and army intelligence. Came back after service and decides, “I'm going to run a marathon.”

I mean, if there's anyone who can run a marathon, it would be this person. Like I said, he had the training from run – he knew how to run from high school, from running cross-country, he was smart, he was motivated. I mean, he had routines down. The military trained him. He's already – you ask someone and they would say, “Yes, I'd put my chips on this guy that he's going to be able to run this marathon.”

He tells me, he gets to mile 19 and then he just collapses and he didn't make it. He said, “I didn't finish the marathon. I'm probably not going to run another one in the future. This was not a good experience.” What was it that didn't allow him to finish the marathon? Well, it turns out it's pretty simple. He didn't train for the marathon.

He had everything that we would say you need in terms of your personality, but he didn't implement this process. He came back and just thought, “I can run a marathon,” but he didn't gradually build up and regain his training. Really impressive actually how he got to mile 19, but he couldn't finish it.

That story is really intuitive and can we say, “Well yeah, obviously you should train for a marathon.” Many of us make those same mistakes in our own life and we don't do things that we don't plan things in small steps in our own lives. We may plan to work and sell a bunch of products and “I'm going to make a lot of money,” or, “I'm going to be extremely healthy,” or “I'm going to exercise every day this year.” This past year leading up to it, I exercised once a month. That's not realistic. We need to plan things in small steps.

How do what small is? It's different to different people what's a small step. In Stick With It, I created a figure called steps, goals and dreams. In that figure, I quantify what a small step is, what a goal and what a dream is. A dream is something that takes three months, or more. For me, running a marathon would be a dream. It's not that I can't do it, but I definitely would need to train for it.

A goal is something that takes about a month to three months. Then a step is something that takes a week, or less. Step, you could do today. If I've never run before, getting a pair of running shoes is a step. Just something that's very concrete and actionable. Oftentimes when I work with people on this, the first step that I do is I'll have them create a calendar. With that calendar, we will document for each day what are you planning on doing, and that helps break things out in two steps, goals and dreams for them. That's the idea of step ladders.

Then there are six other tools or forces that can be integrated. In general, the more of them that you use, the more likely you are to stick with things, but there is a figure and stick with it which will say which ones are most important for A behaviors, B behaviors and C behaviors.

[0:22:32.3] MB: I think it's so important to break your goals down into these small actionable steps. I really like the idea of the framework of looking at it from a week or less, one to three months and over three months. That's a really clear distinction that helps break down okay, how much activity am I going to have to do and how long are these activities going to take to accomplish? Making it easier to do, which is another one of the steps in the framework obviously, to really start creating progress.

[0:22:59.9] SY: Yeah. Easy is another really key. Easy is one that is key across all three of them. With easy, it's also another one that's simple to understand, but it's pretty difficult to implement. I had with easy, here's an example in my own life. I work at UCLA and I used to go to the gym on campus, the wooden gym center there. I would care about health. I was pretty dedicated. I would go every day. At a certain point, I stopped going to the gym as frequently. I just didn't go as often.

If I'm a data person, if someone was let's say, looking at tracking my steps, tracking my activity and they would have seen that I stopped going, maybe they'd make some attributions or judgments about me. Maybe they'd say, “No, he just got lazy. His work increased. He's older now he's too tired to go to the gym.” People could come up with all kinds of reasons, but what it ultimately came down to was I used to work close to that gym on campus and switched to where my office is now on – it's called Wilshire in Westwood. It's about a mile south of that area on campus.

Now I would have to walk up there. It's hard to drive, it's hard to get up there and it was just much more difficult for me to get up to that gym and keep working out there. What I did, I changed gyms. Now when I go to work, I carry my gym bag with me and I switched to a gym that's right across the street from my work. On the way to the parking lot to my car, I have my gym bag on me and I have to walk past my gym. It's almost makes it that it's more difficult to just keep walking, than it is to hang it right in to the door and go to my gym. That's the way we can leverage easy to get ourselves to keep doing things.

[0:25:08.1] MB: I know snacking is another really good example. My own personal experience; if I don't have snacks in the house, I'll still do the ritual of going and looking around to the pantry and rooting around to see if there's anything to eat and then I just will walk back upstairs with nothing. If I have snacks, I'll do the same thing and I'll eat them.

[0:25:25.3] SY: Yeah, absolutely. That's something that definitely comes up a lot. I'll tell people get – they'll say, I'm eating chocolate late night. One of the things we do is let's clear your place of chocolates, so that doesn't mean you're not going to get it, but you'd have to go to the store and let's say, late at night to go get your chocolate. Then you're probably not going to do that. 

I find religion pretty interesting, because religions have been around for such a long time and it's a good example of how we stick with things. A lot of religions are really good at implementing these things intuitively. For certain religions where people will go on fast, or there's certain foods that they're not supposed to eat, that's exactly what they do. There will be, let's say a week of time take Passover, I'm Jewish. People are told, “Clear your house of everything that you may eat that you're not supposed to be eating.” It's rooted in religion, it's rooted in spirituality and God, but there's a lot of psychology supporting it. Where if you clear those distractions, it'll get you to stay on the path and stick with things you want to do.

[0:26:37.8] MB: You also share a really great story of Joe Coulombe. I'd love to hear that and how that applies to making things easier.

[0:26:46.4] SY: Yeah. The story of Joe, this was an interesting one. He finishes up – gets his MBA from Stanford and then goes and works back in around 1960s and he goes to work for a grocery chain, grocery store chain. Then they ask him. They say, “Okay, go start your own –start this new chain of grocery stores called Pronto.” He starts it up, but he notices that at the time, there's another new chain of stores that's just taking over everything. This chain of stores is called 7-Eleven.

7-Eleven was open 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. So much time, it offered everything people wanted. Pronto started failing and it's not doing well. The owl wrecks all the chain that Joe was working for and said, “Okay, let's cut Pronto and we're bringing you back. We're done with Pronto.” Joe says, “No, I'm not going to do that. I'm going out on a limb and I'm going to make this work.”

He goes off on his own. He mortgages his house. He raises money himself, but still doesn't really know what he's going to do. How is he going to save this grocery store chain? He takes a trip to the Caribbean. While he's in the Caribbean, he's on these islands where you're just sitting there listening to music, you're listening to calypso and reggae, you're eating nice food and it's really designed as a luxury vacation spot, where you don't do anything.

They bring you your food, they bring you your drinks and you just relax. It's designed to make it easy for the tourists. That's where he gets his idea and he says, “I'm going to make it easy for the shoppers to be shopping at my grocery store.” In contrast to the trends of let's just offer everything possible to people, he decides, “I'm going to limit the amount of options people have. Instead of giving them 15 types of bread, I'm going to give him one or two high-quality bread options for wheat bread or for white bread. Instead of having 10 different types of mustard, I’m just going to give them a couple of choices.”

He does this for all the different products. His store ends up becoming a huge success. Not just picks up then, but it continues to exist today. The store that we're talking about is Trader Joe's, so named after Joe. That's why if you go to a Trader Joe's, they still wear their Hawaiian tropical shirts and have that same theme, because it was modeled after Joe and his experience in saving them.

[0:29:29.2] MB: It's a great story and it shows how much making things easy really impacts people's behavior. I'd love to look at neuro hacks. When I see that or hear that, it piques my interest. I'm very curious what it is, or what that even means.

[0:29:41.5] SY: Yeah, neuro hacks is the idea that we can – in our brain, we're wired to do things a certain way. Things are ingrained in our brand. For that reason, a lot of people feel like, “I can never change. This is just the way I am. This is who I am and that's it.” Neuro hacks is counter to that. Neuro hack says that's not true. The science says that's not true.

There are actually things we can do that can be a switch that just turns on or off parts of your brain metaphorically, turns your brain to be able to do things that you never were able to do before. We're typically taught – conventional wisdom will say and motivational speakers will say if you want to do something, just visualize it, imagine you can do it and you can do it. Just keep your mind focused and you will be able to do it.

People keep finding that as much as they try to visualize things, as much as they try to stay on point thinking about something, it just doesn't always work. What we've learned in research is that it's actually the opposite. If you want to get yourself to stick with doing something, it doesn't start from the mind, it doesn't start from you telling yourself, willing yourself, “I want to do this.” It actually starts from behavior. It starts from changing your behavior. Then your mind will follow.
There's some cool research studies behind this. There's one where people were split into two different groups and they were – both groups were told they were going to listen to a series of advertisements. These were product type advertisements to get people interested in the product. Half of the group was told – they were put in one area and told, “I want you to move your head up and down.” Imagine your chin moving down and then up, down and then up.

The other half of the group was told, “I want you to move your head side to side.” Imagine moving your chin left to right, left to right. Then afterward, they were asked – each group was asked, how much do you agree with what you heard about the advertisements, about the products? Turned out that the group who was told to move their head up and down said that they agree with the advertisement more than the group told to move it side to side.

Now the only information they were given was just move your head in this direction, or that direction; up and down, or left and right. What actually was happening was that the group who was told to move their head up and down, they realized either subconsciously or consciously that this is the action that we take when we are approving of something, when we are saying yes.

There was a lot of probably subconscious activity going on, where we observe our own behavior and we say, “Well, if I was nodding, it must mean that I agree with the advertising,” and that's why they were more likely to agree with it. That's an example of how neuro hacks is used and can be used and that it's actually our behavior that resets our mind and gets our mind to change things.

There a number of different examples there. There are some cool ones in there. I've actually applied this. I give an example in Stick With It of how I applied it on our German Shepherd lab puppy at the time to get her to be a better listener.

[0:33:16.9] MB: I'm so excited to tell you about our sponsor for this holiday season, the incredible organization The Life You Can Save. I'm sure you get overwhelmed by the countless giving opportunities out there. You feel confused, frustrated and unsure about what the best thing to do is.

When that happens, you often end up making scattered donations to a smattering of random charities with no idea of the real impact you're creating on people's lives. That's why I love The Life You Can Save. You know the focus of the Science of Success is on being evidence-based. The beautiful thing about The Life You Can Save is that they focus on evidence-based giving, finding, selecting and curating the most high-impact donation opportunities, so that you don't have to do all that hard work.

You can start giving right now by visiting www.thelifeyoucansave.org/success. That’s thelifeyoucansave.org/success. They've already done the homework and they have an incredible, well-curated compelling list of hugely impactful giving opportunities, where your donation will be high-leverage and cost-effective.

Our hearts, relationships and networks often guide our giving. The resulting donations usually do some good, but rarely as much as we’d like them to do. The Life You Can Save makes it so that you can easily navigate how to make your charitable giving go much, much further. While you may not be as wealthy or successful as Bill Gates, yet you can still have an enormous impact on the lives of people living in extreme poverty. They can experience dramatic improvements in their lives for much smaller donations.

Visit thelifeyoucansave.org/success to find out more and make rational evidence-based charitable gifts this holiday season.

[0:35:27.4] MB: It reminds me of one of my favorite applications, or principles of this which is that action creates motivation and not the other way around, right? You've ever had the experience of cleaning – you start to clean your desk or something like that and then suddenly, you wake up 20 minutes later and you start – done all the stuff and been really productive. I've had that same experience that our behavior shapes the way we perceive it and it's often reverse of what people think it is.

[0:35:52.2] SY: Yeah, absolutely. I mean, there are not just our behavior, but in the words, there's research behind the words that we use, actually shape our behavior as well. For example, there was a study done – a friend, colleague graduate, friend of mine while we were in grad school and he did this study looking at how do we get people to keep voting and does language influence that?

In one group, people were questioned and told to say, “I vote.” In the other group, “I'm a voter.” One, the action of I vote and the other, the noun or the identity of I am a voter. Then they later followed up to see in which group would people be more likely to vote. Turned out that having that I am a voter, assigning that identity to yourself, people were more likely to follow through and actually do it.

It's by doing this behavior, or by thinking of yourself as the type of person who does something and that's exactly what happens when you do it, if you – after this, I'm going to go for a swim and I go swimming every day, I think of myself as a swimmer, because I go swimming every day, and that gets me to keep swimming. Whereas, if I just told myself it's important for me to swim, it's less likely to get me to do it, than just taking the action and having that change my brain and make me realize, “I just went for a swim. It must be important to me. I must be able to do this and I can keep doing it.”

[0:37:34.2] MB: Another great example you had of a neuro hack from the book was changing your password.

[0:37:39.0] SY: Yeah. This was a story – this was taken from someone else, where he had been going through a rough time. He was a designer by trade at work and he had just gone through a divorce and he was not feeling in the best place. He was feeling depressed and down. He just didn’t feel like going to work and he would go to work, but and he decides, “I need a change. I need a way of changing my life.”

What he did is as he's sitting there and that familiar screen flashes on his computer saying, “Okay, it's time to change your password,” he decides, “I'm going to use my password to just change myself to save my life here and get myself out of this drag, this funk.” He changes his password and he changes it to something that says, “4giveher.”

By typing this word 4giveher every day, he now had to get himself to think of her, type that he was forgiving her. After doing it, it was difficult at first because it reminded him of her, reminded him of his discomfort and sadness, bitterness. As he kept typing 4giveher he realized, “I haven't changed my password to something else. I've been able to stick with this.” Ultimately, he was with not very much time, he was able to forgive her, move on. He's remarried now. He's just changed his life around and he continued with this.

He was a smoker and said, “I'm going to now change this – use the same neuro hack principle for getting myself to quit smoking.” He changed his password to quitsmokingforever. Overnight, he stopped smoking and his – last time that I checked with him, he still had not been smoking at all.

[0:39:46.3] MB: I also want to talk about rewards and whether or not they work to create behavior change.

[0:39:53.3] SY: Yeah. Rewards definitely work to create behavior change. Rewards are really important for getting people to stick with things they want to do, or we want others to do. Oftentimes, people either simplify it, or they misunderstand. They don't go back to the source of where the idea of rewards came from.

We know rewards work, but that's where gamification came about and it was a few years ago everyone was talking about, let's gamify this, let's add game mechanics. Turns out, it works for some people and it works sometimes, but you can't just – it's not a panacea. Why not? What's going on here?

Well, the old research on rewards which showed rewards work, they were based on training animals, like cats or rats. They'd have rats in a cage, or cats in a cage and then they would – the animal would push a lever to be able to get out of the cage. When it did, it would get rewarded, it would get some food.

Now imagine you are in a cage, someone trapped you in a cage and you're just sitting there you can't get out. You find a way to be able to get out and then they give you some food for it. Now that's pretty much one of the best feelings you could ever have. I had this morning, I lost my wallet and I’m like, “Where the hell's my wallet?” Then I found my wallet and it was such a great feeling of finding your wallet, finding my wallet.

Now imagine that just a hundred times more where you're trapped and you're able to get out, that's a real reward. The research was based on that type of feeling. If we reward people with that type of feeling, it'll get them to just be addicted to doing things and do it over and over again. Rewards definitely work, but we need to figure out which types of rewards are best suited for which individuals and when.

In the captivating chapter and that's why we call it captivating, because you can't just use any reward. It's got to be one that's truly captivating. We have a short list of what those are in Stick With It that talks about what's important for people.

[0:42:16.4] MB: I know that in the book you have a much more detailed framework or analysis for this that goes a lot more in-depth. For listeners who want some quick hits or ways to just take what we've talked about today and apply it, if you looked at the seven forces of behavior change and you look at the three types of behavior, what would be your recommendation for the one, or two most impactful strategies for each of the different behavior types?

[0:42:43.3] SY: Yeah. Like I said, first it's important to figure out is something an A, B or C behavior? The simplest thing I'd say, so ideally people go out and get the book, or look at the figure from the book and use it that way. Just off the cuff here, so easy is would be most important for A and B behaviors. There's the example of if I feel there's digital addiction and I can't keep my phone away from me, then just making it easy by avoiding that distraction, put your phone, set it aside for a certain amount of time, put some controls on it, so that you can't check e-mail except for the first 10 minutes of every hour and things like that. That'll make it easy for us to stick with things we want to do.

C behavior, then I would say stepladders and community are most important. We didn't go into community, but community is the idea that social support and competition and other people that that really gets us to stick with things. Also stepladders; so if there's something that you want to do and it's not working, or you've been wanting to do something and it's just not working, start with stepladders. Like I said, one of the things, one of the first things I often do with people is create a calendar and break what you want to do down into steps, goals and dreams.

What's something that you can do today that will move you toward that dream of accomplishing what you want to continue doing three months from now? Put together a calendar, go do that thing you want to do today. Then no matter how small it might seem, be proud of yourself. Reflect back on that achievement, congratulate yourself in whatever way you can reward yourself, whether it's hanging out with friends, or a drink, or doing something you enjoy doing. Congratulate yourself after doing that thing today. That's a good way for people to just get started immediately.

[0:44:44.6] MB: For listeners who want to concretely implement and execute these, what would be the first action step that you would give them to begin?

[0:44:54.4] SY: Yeah. I'd say make a calendar. First step one would be figure out. Is the behavior you're trying to change, is it in A, B or C behavior. Then second, go use that figure, look at the figure and stick with it and identify the seven forces needed for changing that type of behavior. That's the first thing to do. Then most likely, what's going to happen next will be the second thing will be create a calendar for how you can start doing that over time.

[0:45:26.6] MB: For listeners who want to find you, find the book, etc., online, what's the best place for them to do that?

[0:45:32.0] SY: Yeah. You can go to my website seanyoungphd.com. On Twitter, I’m SeanYoungPhD. Also, the book is available online on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, your local bookstore. The other thing I'm a researcher, I'm a medical school professor, I'm an academic, I went into this area because I want to make an impact in the world and really enjoy working with people and helping people.

What I tell people on these podcasts is that thanks again Matt for having me and I'd love for the listeners if you have a question, if you want to connect, reach out to me, I love hearing from people and getting more feedback and connecting with listeners.

[0:46:16.7] MB: Well Sean, thank you so much for coming on the show sharing all this wisdom and knowledge. Great framework for thinking about how we can really create meaningful behavior change.

[0:46:25.9] SY: Thanks for having me, Matt.

[0:46:27.5] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


December 20, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity

Command Your Focus and Attention on What Really Matters with Chris Bailey

December 13, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we show you how to command your focus and attention. We discuss why many people have the wrong idea of what it means to be productive - and how thinking that you need to boil your life down to spreadsheets and checklists is the wrong way to approach productivity . We share the secret ingredient for true productivity - and look at exactly how you can implement it, practically and realistically, in your own life with our guest Chris Bailey. 

Chris is a productivity expert, speaker, and best-selling author. His career began by conducting a year-long experiment examining best practices for productivity which is documented in his book, The Productivity Project. His latest book Hyperfocus aims to help readers stay focused and avoid distractions. His work has been featured in The Harvard Business Review, The New York Times, TED, Fast Company, and more!

  • Many people have the wrong idea of what productivity is - and it often leads to implementing the wrong solutions 

  • It’s not about efficiency and boiling your life down to checklists and spreadsheets

  • If there’s one thing that underlies real productivity is INTENTION 

  • We are perfectly productive when we accomplish the things we set out to do

  • Intention is like the “wood behind the arrow"

  • The percentage of the day with which you act with intention is directly proportional to your results and to the quality of your life 

  • How much control of your attention do you have?

  • How much control of attention you have is correlated with happiness, satisfaction, and productivity 

  • When is “enough enough?"

  • What is intentionality and why is it so important?

  • Most people manage their time relatively well, but where they massively fall short is managing their ATTENTION

  • The novelty bias in our brains causes us to constantly jump into new phenomenon to get our next dopamine hit

  • You don’t always have control of your attention

  • If there isn’t intention behind what you’re doing, you’ve lost control of your attention and fallen victim to a distraction 

  • Deliberate mind wandering is as important as the time we focus on being productive

  • When you have time spent with your mind wandering, you’re 14x more likely to focus on your goals and the right things 

  • “Not all those who wander are lost” - J. R. R. Tolkein

  • Beautiful results come from letting your mind wander

  • What allows traffic to move forward at a solid space is how much space exists between the cars on the highway

  • Cultivating “unfocus”, mind wandering, and contemplative routines open up space to focus on and determine what’s most important - to unearth the beautiful, brilliant ideas we wouldn’t arrive at otherwise

  • The 3 benefits of letting your mind wander

    • Letting our minds wander lets us rest 

    • Attention without Intention is Wasted Energy

    • We focus on auto-pilot mode - whatever is latest and loudest in our environment

  • Researchers found that people who watched 6 or more hours of news coverage about a bombing were more likely to develop PTSD than someone who was actually at the bombing event (Boston Marathon) 

  • The state of our attention determines the state of our lives 

  • The single biggest predictor of fear and anxiety is how much time spent watching TV talk shows 

  • A moment of attention never exists in isolation 

  • Your work and life becomes more productive and more meaningful when you bring your full focus to the moment 

  • How do you emerge from the cave of distraction?

  • The biggest problem is that we are constantly overstimulated 

  • Do you feel frazzled, overwhelmed, like your mind is numb?

  • On your computer you get distracted every 40 seconds on average 

  • One good way to break this overstimulation is to switch from the digital to the physical, read physical books and newspapers, etc

  • Turn your phone to greyscale mode to make it less interesting 

  • How do you go about taming your distractions?

  • It starts with figuring out where your distractions come from 

  • Ask yourself - how do you FEEL after you read the news, after you go on facebook, etc?

  • We crave anything that is stimulating - it’s an inherent bias in our minds

  • Every notification on your phone can cost you up to 25 minutes of attention 

  • Delete the Email App from Your Phone 

  • Does meditation waste time or does it make you more productive?

  • Meditation is one of the few things that gives you more attention and focus for other things

  • When you have an active meditation practice your working memory increases by up to 30% 

  • If you don’t execute on productivity ideas and strategies - what’s the point?

  • Meditation has the best time-adjusted return of any productivity strategy 

  • Busyness is a badge of honor in our society. It’s an active form of laziness. 

  • We look at busyness as a proxy for how productive we are when that’s completely wrong. 

  • Working on a sleep deficit shrinks your ability to focus by up to 60% 

  • If you never think about what you’re going to focus on - you can’t make progress towards your goals 

  • There’s a huge amount of guilt, especially in western society, around taking breaks, resting, and downtime - even though these are HUGE components of being highly effective and productive 

  • How do you deal with the GUILT of not feeling productive?

  • Make a list of all that you accomplish every day and then review it at the end of each week 

    1. Be very intentional about your breaks. Make it really deliberate. Choose how you’re going to spend your time and attention proactively ahead of time 

  • Guilt fills the vacuum that working without intentionality creates

  • Set 3 intentions every day, set 3 intentions every week, and set 3 intentions every year 

  • Pre-Decisions create intention throughout your day 

  • You know that whatever you’re doing in that moment thats exactly what you NEED to be doing

  • How you can create confidence in the moment that you ARE working on the right things

  • How do you Re-Charge your attention?

  • Habitual tasks create the structure that frees our mind to think freely and wander 

  • “Scatterfocus” - deliberately letting your mind wander.

  • Homework: What resonated the most for YOU - take action on that?

  • Do a phone swap

    1. Do a nightly shut-off ritual

    2. Check out Screentime 

  • The state of your attention determines the state of your life. 

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybutton.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

logo_color.png

Make a positive impact this giving season!

And let us make it easy and help you do it!
That's why for the rest of 2018, we're proud to be partnering with The Life You Can Save!

CharityImage-01.png

For a limited time, we're giving you the chance to win a free $100 donation to The Life You Can Save charity and cause of your choice!

Simply click here or the image above and submit your answer to be instantly entered to win!

The Life You Can Save has a well-curated, compelling list of impactful giving opportunities where your donation will be HIGHLY IMPACTFUL and cost-effective!

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [TV Show] The Good Cop

  • [SoS Episode] The Secret That Silicon Valley Giants Don’t Want You To Know with Dr. Adam Alter

  • [Article] The Cost of Interrupted Work: More Speed and Stress by Gloria Mark, Daniela Gudith and Ulrich Klocke

  • [Website] A Life of Productivity

  • [Twitter] Chris Bailey

  • [Article] Nine tweets that prove Josh Groban is ridiculously funny by Melissa Stephenson

  • [App] Digital Wellbeing (thanks to YC from Singapore for this rec!)

Episode Transcript


[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[00:00:11] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success, the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than 2 million downloads, listeners in over a hundred countries and part of the Self-Help for Smart People Podcast Network. 

In this episode, we show you how to command your focus and attention. We discussed why many people have the wrong idea of what it means to be productive and how thinking that you need to bull your life down to spreadsheets and checklists is the wrong way to approach productivity. We share the secret ingredient for true productivity and look at exactly how you can implement it practically and realistically in your own life with our guest, Chris Bailey. 

Do you need more time; time for work time, for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life, time to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our email list. It's called How You Can Create Time for the Things That Really Matter in Life. You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the email list at successpodcast.com.

You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our email subscribers. We recently pre-released an episode in an interview to our email subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience. That had tremendous implications, because there is a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first. With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live exclusive interview, just for e-mail subscribers.

There's some amazing stuff that's available only to email subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the email list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. Or, if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44222. That's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222.

In our previous episode, we explored how to unleash and live in your genius. How do you discover what your genius is? How can you spend more and more of your time doing what you love? We discuss how you can unlock the incredible potential within yourself and avoid the traps that may stop you from getting there. We share the lessons learned from working with more than 20,000 people to help them on their own journeys to genius and gave you the exact strategies and tactics to create a positive upward spiral of genius for yourself with our previous guest, Dr. Gay Hendricks. If you want to spend more time doing what you love, check out our previous episode. 

Now, for our interview with Chris. 

Please note, this episode contains profanity. 

[00:02:59] MB: Today, we have another awesome guest on the show, Chris Bailey. Chris is a productivity expert, speaker and best-selling author. His career began by conducting a year-long experiment examining best practices for productivity, which is documented in his book; The Productivity Project. His latest book; Hyperfocus, aims to help readers stay focused and avoid distractions. His works has been featured in the Harvard Business Review, the New York Times, TED, FastCompany and much more. 

Chris, welcome to The Science of Success. 

[00:03:25] CB: Good day to you sir. How are you doing?

[00:03:27] MB: Great. We’re super excited to have you on the show today and dig into a lot of the stuff you talk about and write about. I mean, I think it's so important and I really resonate with a lot of the things you share in both books. To start out, I’d love to kind of dig into this idea that many people have a wrong perception of what productivity is. 

[00:03:46] CB: Yeah, they really do. I think this is evidence when you ask somebody, “Do you want to become more productive?” People usually say yes, but what comes to their mind is something that feels so cold and corporate in all about this becoming a drone in front of a spreadsheet and all about this efficiency and boiling your life down to the same spreadsheet. But I think if there's one thing that lies at the core of what it means to be productive, that’s intentionality. It's deliberateness with which we should be working at. 

In my eyes, productivity is not about doing more, more, more, faster, faster, faster because when the hell do you know when to stop it if that's your philosophy? How do you know when you've had enough money? How do you know when you've had enough success? How do you know when you’ve answered enough email over the course of the day? In my eyes, we’re perfectly productive when we accomplish the things that we set out to do. 

Our intentions are what we should be measuring our productivity against. I think when you frame it in this way, first of all, it’s more human, because some days all we want to accomplish is to watch The Good Cop on Netflix, that wonderful new show that stars Josh Groban as the lead character alongside Tony Danza. It’s a wonderful show with maybe a bucket of Ben & Jerry's and extra-large pizza. Other days, we want to have the huge day at the office and hire somebody new on to our team and maybe ace a job interview for a promotion. If we do those things, I would argue that we’re perfectly productive, but it has to start with the intentions that we set. 

[00:05:16] MB: This episode has been sponsored by The Good Cop. No, I’m just kidding. 

[00:05:18] CB: It’s great. Have you seen The Good Cop on Netflix? I must ask you, Matt. 

[00:05:21] MB: No. I have never heard of it. 

[00:05:22] CB: Listen for one sec. Okay. Josh Groban is an all-around talented man. He's like a Steve Martin. Like Steve Martin, he’s an author. He has a Grammy for playing the banjo. Josh Groban is the new Steve Martin. You've heard it here first on this podcast. 

[00:05:38] MB: That's right. I think you do bring up a really important idea too, which is when to stop. That's one of the challenges with a lot of the productivity approaches, is that there's no endpoint. If you double your efficiency and double it again and double it again, at what point – Tim Ferriss talked about that too in The 4-Hour Work Week, is if you keep getting more and more efficient, when does it stop and when you kind of cap yourself off? Sometimes you do just want to sit on the couch and watch The Good Cop. 

[00:06:06] CB: Yeah. I think that hits the nail right on the head, and you need that intention, I think. Intention behind her actions in my eyes is kind of like the wood behind an arrow. We absolutely need it in order to move forward and get important stuff accomplished. I think I will go so far as to say that the percentage of the day with which you act with intention behind what you're doing is directly proportional to how productive you are, but also your quality of life. 

If you look at where we have control of our attention, as an example, this is kind of the topic that I'm nerding out about the most right now. How much control we have of our attention has been correlated with things like overall life satisfaction? We feel more satisfied with our lives when we have control of our attention. It’s of course correlated with productivity and creativity as well. It's also correlated with happiness and just how satisfied we are with things overall. 

I think done right, we tend to look at productivity in a work context, but when you view it as being about intentionality, it transcends the word context. It works if you're retired. It works if you're starting out in your career. It works if you're on vacation. It works when you're at home. I think that's the way it should be. 

[00:07:19] MB: We often fall into this same kind of trap with the title of the show; The Science of Success. So many people have a warped definition of what success is and we try to broaden it out and say that it's so much more than just money, or fame, or achievement. It’s living life on your own terms and doing what you want to do. 

[00:07:37] CB: Is that the definition that you use? Living life on your own terms?

[00:07:41] MB: I think that's right. I mean, we don't have a set definition of it, but to me it's much more broad and encompassing than a lot of the traditional definitions of it. 

[00:07:49] CB: Yeah. I think that's evidence in the fact that the people who achieve the traditional definitions of it, they don't feel successful, because they chased that and so they have that same mindset where they just want more. I think that's a fascinating thing, is if you look at the people that feel successful, they’re often not the people who make millions of dollars, or have millions of followers online. The people who feel successful are the ones that do what they set out to do. 

[00:08:16] MB: So I think that answers this question, but just for listeners who might be wondering what is intentionality, what does that mean when you say that? 

[00:08:24] CB: It's choosing what you do before you do it. So there's that pre-decision. This is the definition that I [inaudible 00:08:30] there are alternate definitions for intention. If you look at the science behind intentionality, where intentions come from, so much of it depends on our environments and things like that. I think it's that pre-decision. It's having chosen, maybe not in the moment, because we set an intention and then we start focusing on something and that becomes our object of attention and kind of leads us through to completion. 

If you decide to watch The Good Cop on Netflix, there's that choice that preceded that action when you're in the middle of watching that show on Netflix. But you’ve kind of lost control until the episode is done. But I would say that's working or living with intention. 

[00:09:10] MB: You bring up another really good point, which I thought was one of the most insightful things you said, and I think it was productivity project. This idea that a lot of –

[00:09:18] CB: You dug deep. You did. You like properly read the books. 

[00:09:21] MB: We do our homework on the show. 

[00:09:22] CB: That’s good, yeah. I noticed that when you're reading the bio, because I don't know if you've ever watched one of those shows where somebody is like mouthing along to when somebody else says something that they're very familiar with. I can pretty much do that with my bio, because we have like the stock one that we just send everybody. I think I have a text expander snippet on my computer, because it just comes up a lot. I know and original bio when I hear it. So I'm going to have to subscribe to the show after. You could really tell when somebody cares. So it's refreshing. 

[00:09:47] MB: You’re very kind. Thank you. But anyway, what I was saying is this idea that I think was one of the most insightful ways that you – The phrasing you use on this I thought was a great way to kind of break apart the dynamic that a lot of traditional productivity falls into, which is this idea of most things, most people focus on this notion of managing your time, when really the battle is much more about managing your attention. 

[00:10:10] CB: Yeah, and most of us, frankly, can manage our time pretty well. The two of us showed up to the show on time, so was Austin, the producer. Hey, Austin. We’re here. We’ll be here for about an hour, then we’ll go on to the next thing on our calendar. We manage our time pretty well, and most people are like that. But where we fall short so often today is with our attention. You can look at the very beginning of the day for a pretty good example of us losing control. 

So we wake up and maybe our phone wakes us up. So we see that an email came in overnight. So we check that email. It’s just from Amazon. We check the news, and then we get a hit of dopamine, because each time we focus on something new and novel, the novelty bias that's embedded within our brain's prefrontal cortex gives us a hit of dopamine. Then we go over to Facebook and we get ahead of dopamine. Then we swipe on Tiner and we get a hit of dopamine. Then we focus on whatever else, and we keep getting these hits of dopamine. 

I think it speaks to this idea that we don't always have control of our attention. So if you look at the moments of the day where there isn't a modicum of attention, intention behind what you're doing, I would wager a guess. I don't have data to back this up. It’s just a prognostication of mine. But I would wager a guess that when we don't have control of our focus and what we’re doing in that moment, it's more often than not because we've fallen victim to a distraction, because we go from focusing on one thing to the next, to the next, to the next, to the next, to the next, which is another big part of focus, is strategically un-focusing so that we can let our mind wander a little bit wherever the hell it wants to go. 

One fascinating thing that this mode of deliberate mind wandering, I think it's as important as how we focus. So this mode of un-focusing, this is what allows us to set intentions for what we want to be focusing on in the first place. One study, I think it was conducted by Jonathan Smallwood and Jonathan Schooler, they found that when they sampled people's thoughts when their mind was wandering, that they were thinking about their goals and the future 14 times as often as when they were focused on something. Isn’t that kind of remarkable? It's like the space between the things that we’re doing, between the things that we’re focusing on that allows us to focus better on the right things in the first place and live and act with this intentionality.

Yeah, so I think this kind of just speaks especially when the biggest distractions on our environment are so often hijacking our attention away from what we really want to accomplish. Just the power of managing our attention well, but also how much room there is to gain when we don't manage our attention to the best of our ability. 

[00:13:01] MB: I've heard a similar phrase in the research around what are called contemplative routines, which encompasses things like meditation, but even goes beyond that, to journaling, and thinking, and that time to pull back and question, “What am I doing and why am I spending my time on certain things, and where do I really want to be spending my time?” 

[00:13:22] CB: There’s that great quote from J.R.R. Tolkien, where he says that, “Not all those who wander are lost.” Looking at the research on this topic, I kind of settled upon three benefits of deliberately letting our mind wander. You can do this however the heck you want. I'm personally an avid knitter. So I love knitting to let my mind wander. If I take a work break, I’ll pull up the knitting needles. I'm working on a nice scarf right now. But whether it's knitting, whether it's taking a long shower, whether it's just sipping on your morning coffee without your phone there, there is a beautiful example in traffic flow, so how traffic flows down a highway. 

If you look at what allows cars to move forward, what allows them to move forward isn't how fast individual cars are moving as you might expect, but what allows traffic to move forward at a good rate is how much space exists between the cars on the highway. I think our work is the exact same way, because this allows us to choose what we’re going to focus on in the first place, but it also allows us to unearth ideas that are buried in the depths of our mind. 

Our mind wanders to three main places when we just kind of let it be for a little bit. It wanders to the future about 48% of the time. Now, depending on the life that you live, these numbers might be a bit different. In fact if you meditate, like you mentioned, your mind actually wanders to the future a bit more. It wanders to the present 28% of the time. 

In the past, less than we might think, about 12% of the time, and the rest of the time our mind is dull, or blank, or thinking about ideas. But what happens when we connect these three temporal destinations, we connect what ideas we've consumed in the past to how we’re going to live in the future, to what we’re doing in the present, to the future and how we’re going to run a meeting later on. Then we think about the past again. We connect these three places to unearth these beautiful, brilliant ideas that we would never arrive at otherwise. 

So this is another wonderful benefit of the mode. We think about the future, first of all. We plan. So if you're walking to a meeting room, it could be this simple. If you’re walking to a meeting room at the office, instead of tapping around on your phone and checking Facebook, or Instagram, or whatever your app of choice is, let your mind wander, because it'll naturally wander to what you're going to do. It'll wander to the conversations you want to have. What you want to get out of the meeting? You'll probably save time overall, because in that minute, you'll approach that project more strategically, that commitment. 

The third thing that letting our mind wander does is lets us rest. So we expend mental energy when we have to regulate our attention to focus on something or focus on a decision that we’re making. So decisions deplete our mental reserves of energy too. So what happens when we let our mind wander wherever the hell it wants to wander, is we don't have to regulate our attention to focus on anything, and so it gets to unwind. We get to recharge while we connect ideas, while we think about our future. 

I would argue that attention without intention is just wasted energy. We’re focusing on stuff on autopilot mode whatever's latest and loudest in our environment. Technology also has a way of tricking us into thinking something is more important that it is, because whatever it throws at us in the moment, that feels like the most salient thing on which we can direct our very limited attention. But all of these just makes it so much more critical that we take control of our attention, because so often we don't have that intention behind what we’re doing and our environment is what has control of our attention instead. 

[00:17:10] MB: What a great way to phrase it. We focus on autopilot mode whatever's latest and loudest in our environment. 

[00:17:17] CB: I would go further than that, and this is one of the things that surprised me in writing Hyperfocus, was I expected to write a book about productivity, which leads to success and stuff like that. But I ended up following some ideas that suggested that this idea of attention is so much bigger than that of just becoming more productive. 

One of my favorite studies that I encountered over the course of writing the book looked at two groups of people. The first group of people watched six or more hours of news coverage about the Boston Marathon bombings, the events. I think that happened in 2013. The second group of people were in the actual marathon. They ran the marathon. What the researchers found was that those people who watched six or more hours of news coverage about the Boston Marathon bombings were more likely to develop PTSD than someone who was at the bombing running the marathon and personally affected by it. 

If that doesn’t suggest how the state of our attention determines the state of our lives even, I really don't know what is. The single biggest predictor of fear and anxiety in our lives is how much time we spend watching TV talk shows. I think it speaks to the idea that a moment of attention never exists in isolation. These moments accumulate day-by-day, week-by-week, month-by-month, year-by-year, so that if we’re distracted in each moment, those moments build up to make a life that feels distracted and like we don't have a clear direction, because we haven't chosen what we’re focusing on in the first place. 

But the opposite is true, and this is the beauty of this idea, of managing your attention instead of managing your time, is that when you make an effort to focus on what's productive in the moment while finding ways to deal with distraction ahead of time, some of which are obvious, some of which are counterintuitive. Your work, your life becomes more productive and it becomes more meaningful as a result too when you make an active effort to bring your full focus to what's meaningful in the moment, whether it's a conversation with a loved one, whether it's a show on Netflix. Regardless of what it is, no burger will be as delicious as the burger you focus on with 100% of your attention. No conversation will be as meaningful as the one you focus on with 100% of your attention. The meaning is all around us. We just have to notice it. The things that make us more productive are sometimes right in front of us, but we need to make an active effort to focus on that too. 

[00:19:51] MB: So many people today are pinging around are stuck in a reactive mode where they're spending a ton of time watching the news, Facebook, deluge of emails. For somebody who's that deep and mired in that completely reactive state, how do they begin to emerge from the darkness? 

[00:20:11] CB: Emerge from the darkness. Oh, boy! From the cave of distraction. There are – I think the biggest problem is not that we’re distracted, but that we’re overstimulated, because another remarkable study I encountered found that when we’re working in front of a computer, we focus and we switch our focus between things. We get distracted or interrupted every 40 seconds. So we don't really focus on something for even a minute before we switch to doing something else. It's not necessarily completely our fault. There’s this novelty bias that I mentioned where we get rewarded for switching our attention around so often. 

I think if you were to ask somebody who's in a state of high stimulation to describe the state of their attention, which they have less control over, and there’s more dopamine coursing through their mind and so they’re more stimulated because of that. I would wager a guess as somebody who's in the state of high stimulation would use words like, “I feel frazzled.” “I feel overwhelmed.” “I feel like my mind is kind of numb.” “I feel like there's just so much noise.” 

Whereas if you ask somebody who has a lower level of stimulation, not somebody in like a comatose state, but somebody who's likely properly stimulated throughout the day, they might use words like, “Oh, I feel like I am thoughtful, like I'm deliberate. I feel like insights come to me.” I think that's the power of making yourself less stimulated by default. 

So a great place to start with this in my eyes is switching from the digital to the physical. So one big shift that I made over the course over in the book was subscribing to the physical newspaper. So instead of going to newyorktimes.com or the cnn.com throughout the day, I get two newspapers at my door every morning. I get the New York Times and I get The Globe and Mail, because I'm up in Canada. I find that this alone, because of course a news website refreshes umpteen times every day, which leads us to revisit and revisit and revisit and give them more and more and more ad impressions, but the newspaper, the physical newspaper refreshes once every day and it comes right to you. You don't have to go for it. You just open your door and there it is, and it's a bit more money, but you reclaim so much more of your attention and you get to ease into the day instead of mindlessly distracting yourselves. 

But there are other ways. I think a big mistake that some people make when they’re so stimulated, when they're bouncing around between things all day, when they're constantly, constantly multitasking and they have this attentional residue that occupies their attention throughout the day. Is they go from being so distracted and they realize, “Oh, shit! I have to do something to really save myself here. I'm not getting enough work done,” blah-blah-blah. So they’d get rid of their phone, for example. They leave their phone at home. I think that's too much, personally. But there are ways that we can make our devices less stimulating. 

So grayscale mode is another credible way to do this. So what this mode is, if you go into the settings app on your phone and you search for the word grayscale, G-R-A-Y scale, it's usually an accessibility feature in most phones. but it makes your phone screen black-and-white. So it instantly becomes a less novel object of attention. It’s less pleasurable. It's less threatening in the moment. So we pay less attention to it. 

Most people that I've sampled who do this, they find that when grayscale mode is enabled, that they spend about half of the time that they usually do on their phone, because Instagram becomes boring, Facebook and other apps take advantage of our color psychology to target us in different ways by A-B testing 30 different shades of a color of red to get the one that hooks us the most. I don't think they do it really maliciously. It's not like Mark Zuckerberg is sitting in a laboratory tinkering with different shades with a maniacal look on his face, but I think these are just the patterns that these apps settle into, which makes it so critical to get out ahead of them with grayscale mode, with I think consuming more physical things is a big one. As well as taming distractions in the first place. It’s so critical. 

[00:24:15] MB: How do you go about taming those distractions? I know that’s a big question. 

[00:24:19] CB: That's a big one. Yeah. I think it starts with identifying where the distractions come from. One way that I really recommend is I don't think we’re connected enough with how different things make us feel. We all have kind of a different reaction to different apps, but I remember my fiancé and I, we’re just hanging out in the living room the other day and she was looking kind of sad when she was on her phone fiddling around with it. I asked her, “What are you doing? You look bummed out.” She said, “Oh, I'm on Tinder.” No, I’m just kidding. She wasn’t on Tinder. She was on Facebook. It got us both reflecting like, “Okay. This is supposed to be a way to connect with people.” I personally haven't had an account in years, but I figured this is why folks have it. 

But it really does hijack us. It really does make us sad. So I think this is a great place to start, is how do you feel after you visit a news website? How do you feel after you go to Facebook? How do you feel after you go on Instagram? You might find that some of these apps are worth your attention, because they make you happy. They let you connect. But you might find that other ones appeal to you because they’re stimulating in addition to anything that's new and novel. Our mind naturally gravitates to anything that's two other things. We naturally focus on anything that's pleasurable, and we naturally focus on anything that's threatening. This, of course, allowed us to survive through today, because instead of hyper-focusing on building a fire for our village, we noticed the sabertooth tiger encroaching in on our environment. We dealt with the threat and we survived to live another day and build another fire. We noticed the pleasures in our environment too, the potential mates, the foodstuff that was hanging from the tree. 

Of course, today, so many of these novel pleasurable threatening things come from our phone, the nearest tigers are at the zoo. I think really starting with how these different things make you feel, because in the moment, the matter-of-fact truth is that we crave anything that’s stimulating. We can't really overcome that inherent bias in our mind, unless we have a deadline, in which case our work is more novel and threatening than anything on our phone could be, the prospect of losing our job, or dealing with the consequences of not shipping something on time. 

But I think that's a great place to start. How did these different things make you feel? I think when you analyze the devices in your life relative to what else you could be doing in the moment, logically, they’re a lot less productive, but we’re were drawn to them in the moment. So when you find that there are apps left that do make you happy taming those ahead of time after you adjust downward into a state of lower stimulation by dealing with the ones that really charge you up. It’s something that's worth doing. 

We switch between things every 40 seconds, and the research also shows, one study conducted by Gloria Mark and Mary Czerwinski at Microsoft of all places, they found that when we’re interrupted or distracted from something completely, and so sometimes – Most of the time we switch right back, but one we’re distracted or interrupted completely, we burn as much as 25, 26 minutes tending to that one distraction, so about a half an hour of our life. If this stat is hard to believe, look at what often happens when you wake up first thing in the morning. Maybe your phone wakes you up, and so you’d think, “Okay, here's an email.” You go to your email, you bounce around between a bunch of different apps every 40 seconds before you know it, 25, 26 minutes have gone by. 

So taming anything, any notification on your phone that you don't want to lose 25 minutes of productivity over is one of the best five minutes you'll ever spend combing through all the notification settings and taming those ones so that they don't interrupt you. Because this is the thing about smart phone notifications and interruptions and vibrations, is in the moment they feel more important than what actually is important. Having a conversation with a loved one, and we get something on our phone and something is vibrating in our pocket. It could be anything. So we tend to it. But when we tend to it, it’s usually not important, but in the moment it's more pleasurable, or threatening, or novel than a potential conversation. 

If we’re at a pub with a loved one, our attention will almost always gravitate to the TV that's playing on the bar above their head even if we don't even care about the game that's going on, because in our environment, it's more pleasurable, it's more novel and sometimes it's more threatening. So taming those ahead of time, combing through the notification settings on your phone, and for God sake, delete the email app off of your phone. It'll take about a week to adjust just as it takes us about eight days to wind down on a vacation and things like that. But you'll make all that attention back and then some and just how much more clearly you’re able to focus. 

Sometimes we think the world needs us so much, and sometimes, frankly, it does. Sometimes we do need to be connected. But we need to be connected a lot less than we think we do. If you do need to be connected all day, it would even be worth the effort to delete your email app between the hours of 8 PM and 8 AM every single day. It'll take three minutes, but man, that's so much more attention to devote to what's meaningful in your life and what's productive in your life. 

[00:29:44] MB: I'm so excited to tell you about our sponsor for this holiday season. The incredible organization; The Life You Can Save. 

I'm sure you get overwhelmed by the countless giving opportunities out there. You feel confused, frustrated and unsure about what the best thing to do is. When that happens, you often end up making scattered donations to a smattering of random charities with no idea of the real impact you're creating on people's lives. That's why I love the Life You Can Save. 

You know the focus of The Science of Success is on being evidence-based. The beautiful thing about The Life You Can Save is that they focus on evidence-based giving, finding, selecting and curating the most high-impact donation opportunities so that you don't have to do all that hard work. You can start giving right now by visiting www.thelifeyoucansave.org/success. That's thelifeyoucansave.org/success. 

They've already done the homework and they have an incredible well-curated compelling list of hugely impactful giving opportunities where your donation will be high-leverage and cost-effective. Our hearts, relationships and networks often guide or giving. The resulting donations usually do some good, but really as much as we like them to do. 

The Life You Can Save makes it so that you can easily navigate how to make your charitable giving go much, much further. You may not be as wealthy or successful as Bill Gates, yet you can still have an enormous impact on the lives of people living in extreme poverty. They can experience dramatic improvements in their lives for much smaller donations. 

Visit thelifeyoucansave.org/success to find out more and make rational, evidence-based charitable gifts this holiday season. 

[00:31:55] MB: I've been searching for some kind of app that lets me turn off certain apps for certain amounts of time. I don't know if it exists or not, but if any listeners know about it, definitely email me and let me know, or if you know, Chris, I'd be very curious. 

[00:32:09] CB: Screen Time is a feature on iOS 12 that lets you do that. I know Google has some digital health features that are brand-new, but it takes forever for those features to filter out through the android ecosystem. But check out Screen Time at iOS 12, because you can set different categories of apps and you could also have some downtime. I like to enable downtime between the hours of 8 PM and 8 AM, and what it does is it grays out all of your apps so that you have to ask the phone for permission before you access something. Yeah, check it out, because if you're on iOS, it's worth doing. I personally go a step further and I put my phone on – All my devices on airplane mode between the hours of 8 PM and 8 AM, just because I want that attention. For selfish reason, I care about the people in my life. I want to focus on making dinner with my fiancé. I want to focus on the show I'm watching, whatever it happens to be. I want to bring myself to that thing. Yeah, you don’t want stuff like technology to get in the way. 

[00:33:07] MB: We can move off of the cell phone topic in a second, but one of the thing I wanted to mention that was really interesting, we had an interview, which we’ll throw into the show notes, with Adam Alter, where he talked about this study that people spend three times more time on the apps that make them the least happy versus the apps that make them the happiest. So Facebook, the news, that kind of stuff, the stuff that makes you the least happy, you spent a lot more time on it on your phone.

[00:33:29] CB: Wow! That's incredible. I haven’t encounter that, but it makes total sense. 

[00:33:34] MB: Well, we’ll put that in the show notes for listeners who want to do a little bit more homework on it. 

[00:33:37] CB: And for podcast guests that need want to do a bit of homework on it. 

[00:33:41] MB: I’ll throw it in the chat so you can have a copy as well. I want to kind of pivot the conversation and come to another topic that's very interrelated with everything we've been discussing, but I think is really important to share and kind of dig into with the listeners, which is this idea that if you think about being really productive, and we talked about daydream, we talked about the importance of these sort of contemplative routines. If you think about being really productive, a lot of people see something like meditation and they think that's the least possible productive thing you could be doing if you're sitting there doing literally nothing. You have a very interesting perspective on this, and I'd love to hear your experiments with this and your story around how meditation and productivity interrelate. 

[00:34:28] CB: Yeah. Honestly, just speaking the truth, I would've stopped meditating long, long ago if it didn't make me more focused and productive, because I'm not in it for spiritual reasons. I'm not in it to say that I meditate. I'm in it because it lets me focus that much more deeply on what I want to do. 

I find, for my own data, this is n of 1 of course, but I find that with my own life that I'm able to write about 40% more words when I have an active meditation practice in my life. I meditate for about half an hour each day and go through waves like a lot of people that I can observe where some periods I fall off the wagon and then I noticed that, “I'm a lot busier, but I'm not getting more done. Oh! I haven’t meditated in a little while.” 

So that got me curious like to look at the research around this topic that I think we don't connect enough to how we should live our lives. So often we encounter some studies about an idea and we say, “Oh, that's fascinating.” Then we go back to acting the same way. But our attention is fascinating as it relates to meditation. What it shows, there're a lot of brain training apps out there, apps where you solve a bunch of word problems and it promises you more attention and more focus. The research shows and suggests that these apps don't really hold water. Their claims work when you're in the app and actively doing it. But once you stop, they stop working. But meditation is the one rare thing along with mindfulness that actually give us more attention to bring to whatever we’re doing in the moment. 

One study that compared meditation to, I believe, yoga as well as doing nothing, found that when we have an active meditation practice, our working memory increases by about 30%. So in other words, we’re able to take on tasks that are 30% more complex. We’re able to process 30% more information in the moment. We’re able to switch more cleanly between different tasks. So it makes it so, so worth – I think the benchmark to any good productivity tactic out there is that for every minute you spend on it, you make the time back and then some in how much more productive you were. Because what's the point of listening to an interview like this? What’s the point of reading a book like a Hyperfocus or The Productivity Project if you're not going to make that time back and then some? 

Meditation has the greatest per minute return of almost any productivity tactic under the sun, because it gives you so much more attention in the moment. If you can process in the moment 30% more than a colleague, you're going to get 30% more accomplished. It's not doubling your productivity, because tactics like that, there are very few and far between, but you can take on work that’s so much more complex that it will totally change your game when you have an active meditation practice. There's a lot of science to back that idea up. Plus, you'll just feel amazing. That's the reason in and of itself to meditate more. You'll notice that you've gotten distracted more. Your mood will elevate. Your mind, when it wanders, will actually wander more often to think about the future. It's a beautiful, beautiful practice that you'll make back for every minute you spend meditating. I think you'll make back 10 at the very least. 

[00:37:48] MB: Meditation highlights a bigger issue, which is that people often get caught up in thinking that daydreaming, or meditation, or journaling, all these activities are wasted time when they could be working or they could be getting stuff done. 

[00:38:02] CB: Yeah. 

[00:38:02] MB: But it's really the opposite. 

[00:38:04] CB: Yeah. It speaks to an idea that I'm sure comes up a lot in the show, which is busyness. It's kind of a badge of honor. When busyness doesn't lead us to accomplish anything of importance, then what's the point of being busy? It's really no different from an active form of laziness. Productivity, it's not about how much we produce, it's not about how busy we are, but it's about how much we accomplish. More than that, whether we accomplish what we set out to do in the first place. 

Busy, it's tough though, at the same time. That's easy to say, but we tend to look at how busy we are, and our level of busyness as a sort of proxy measure for how productive we are, because when we do knowledge work for a living, it's pretty hard to measure our productivity. You can have two programmers. Let's say me and you Matt, we’re both programmers. I'm able to crank out 800 lines of code in a day when you only crank out 400. Shame on you, Matt. But maybe your code has five features, where mine has three. Maybe your code has one bug, where mine has seven. Maybe you wrote your code in like two hours, where it took me slogging behind the computer – Or maybe, more reasonably, you got home at a reasonable hour and I'm still at work at 10 PM, still busy and not really getting as far as you. If we were to rate our productivity at the end of the day, you would probably say you're less productive than me, because you look at how busy you are and I would look at how busy I am and think and feel more productive than you. But the opposite, I think, is – There're fascinating studies with regard to sleep deficits. Whenever we’re working on a sleep deficit, we rank our productivity as being higher than it actually is. 

So often we just work on tasks that are less consequential, because we have less of an attentional space to give to what’s – Just as meditation increases our working memory by about 30%. Working on a sleep deficit can shrink how much attentional space we have to give to whatever we’re doing in the moment by about 60%. So we’re still doing work. We’re still switching between things, but because we have less attention, we take on things that are less challenging, and I would say busyness is the same, where it's kind of we trick ourselves into thinking we’re productive, when really we’re not really accomplishing much of importance. 

[00:40:26] MB: Sleep is another great example and underscores the bigger picture here, which is that rest is a huge part of being productive. Downtime is a huge part of being productive, and it's not about working 100 hours or putting in more raw hours. It's about stepping back and realizing that if your focused on the right things, you can create 10X, 20X more results in the same or less time if you apply these routines in this rest, in this downtime and these contemplative activities. 

[]00:40:56CB: Yeah. If you never think about what you're going to work on, how are you going to become more productive? Because like most of us have more to do than we have time to do it in, right? So when that's the case in any situation, it becomes critical to take a step back and think about what's important, what we want to accomplish and intend to accomplish over the course of the day. Yeah, it's such a vital, vital idea. 

I think the tough part sometimes is there's a lot of guilt that comes in when we’re taking a break. We all know that breaks are very critical, but we act throughout the day not in a way that allows us to accomplish more, but in a way through which we’re able to minimize how much guilt we feel with regard to our work. So instead taking off for an hour at lunch time and going to the gym, we continue to check her email while we mindlessly eat our lunch in front of the computer and we never really feel rested. We minimize the guilt, but we also minimize our productivity. 

I think this is a key – And it's very difficult to do this. I run my own business. I work for myself, and I know this guilt coming up quite often. But what works for me and what might work for any listeners who are struggling with the same thing as I do is make a list of all that you accomplish over the course of the day and then review all these things at the end of every week. I coach a lot of folks in becoming more productive, and they find that this helps them work through the guilt and as do I, because you get to see why you're investing in your productivity in the first place and this gets you thinking, “Okay, I only have so much time today. What do I really want to accomplish? Which way can I minimize the guilt when I'm making this accomplishments list at the end of the day rather than just not taking a break in the moment?” 

When you focus on what you accomplish through techniques like that, I personally keep a yearly accomplishments lists too that I review every month. I'm sorry, review all the accomplishments from the last few years since I started making the list, it kind of reinforces the power of these tactics while allowing you to overcome the guilt. 

Another way is to really be intentional about your breaks, because so often guilt and feelings like doubt and uncertainty, they fill the vacuum that working with a lack of intentionality leaves. So we’re working on autopilot mode, we feel really, really guilty when we’re not really, really busy, but when we take a break with intention – I am a big fan, as you can hear, of binge watching shows on Netflix. I don't do it often. Honestly, I kid about it more than I actually do it. But when I do it, I freaking do it. I decide how many shows I’m going to watch. I decide what I'm going to order and eat while I'm watching the show. I do it with deliberateness, and that minimizes any amount of guilt that I would relate to that experience, because I've chosen how I'm going to spend my time and attention, and guilt doesn't really have a place. Guilt isn't welcome when there is intention. 

[00:43:54] MB: Another strategy that I found to be really effective at combating the same guilt, because it’s something I deal with as well, is –

[00:44:01] CB: It's a universal feeling, isn’t it? You talk to a lot of entrepreneurs and people that work for themselves, people who work for other people also. I don't know really many people who don't have it. Maybe somebody with $100 million in the bank and they have all that FU money where they could take off at any moment. But do you know many people who don't? It's a conversation I've had with quite a few people, but everybody seems to have this phenomenon. 

[00:44:27] MB: Honestly, no. But I haven't done a lot of sort of surveys or research around it. One of the strategies that's been really effective for me and a proactive approach to trying to mitigate the guilt before it arises, and I know this is something that aligns with a lot of the work you've done and talked about and written about, is setting – Every week, I basically do an audit of my previous week and then plan the next week, and I look at my long-term goals and basically say, “What am I going to do this week to make progress on each of these goals?” and I set a most important task or one or two of those each day. I always execute that first thing in the morning. If I execute that task, the day’s a win. I don't care was 9:30 in the morning and I finish that task. If I do nothing for the rest of the day, that day is a victory.

[00:45:11] CB: Yeah. One of my favorite strategies is related to that. So every day I set three intentions. So things that I want to accomplish by the time the day is done. So this gets you thinking about the future. It gets you stepping into the shoes of your future self. But I also set three weekly intentions and three yearly intentions as well. I don't really set monthly or quarterly intentions, because I find – That's one of those pieces of advice that sounds good, but doesn't necessarily work, at least for me, in practice. 

There's something marvelous about this number three, where we chunk things together in threes. I personally think it's because it's kind of the minimum amount of things that most people – Or the maximum number, and most people can fit three things into their working memory at one time. We used to think we could chunk together six or seven pieces of information in our memory at one time. But now people are kind of coming to terms with the fact that it's about three or four. 

You see that we group the world in threes. We have sayings like, “Good things come in threes,” and Celebrities dye in threes,” and “The third times is the charm,” and “The good, the bad, the ugly,” “Blood, sweat and tears.” We grow up immersed in things like the three little bears, the three blind mice, the three little pigs, the three musketeers. The list goes on and on and on, and it kind of fits with the way that we think. So we remember the things throughout the day where we set three maximum things. 

At the same time, we have that deliberateness. I think it's for the same reason that your strategy works so well, is that you have that pre-decision which creates intention behind whatever you happen to be doing throughout the day. It's a beautiful thing when you're working with intention, because you know that whatever you're doing in that moment, like you feel the first thing in the morning, or throughout the day, that whatever you're doing, that's exactly where you need to be. That's exactly what you need to be doing in that moment. There’s that in the moment confidence that I think is it's one of the most wonderful feelings as it relates to our productivity in the moment. We get it when we’re working on a deadline, when we can feel the deadline approaching, and we know that that's the most important thing to be doing in that precise moment. It's quite a wonderful feeling, but again, like it goes back to this this idea of intentionality that I think has to precede most of the things that we do. It can't precede everything we do. We can't work with intention 100% of the day, or else we’d be a monk in a cave somewhere and it would take us forever to do anything. I think we need to get that number up and up and up and up and we’ll see some wonderful things happen as we do. 

[00:47:44] MB: Another idea that you write about in Hyperfocus that we’ve touched on some of the themes around that I think is important to dig into, is this idea of recharging our attention. How do we go about recharging it? 

[00:47:56] CB: There are actually better ways to recharge. I think the key, again, is to un-focus, because it's in those moments that we don't have to regulate our attention in one way or another. The research shows that we when we do something habitual that doesn't occupy our full attention, something simple and habitual, whether it’s taking a shower, it’s swimming laps at the pool or having a coffee, whatever it is without our phone nearby, habitual tasks kind of weight our attention down so that we continue to let our mind wander and let her attention rest as we follow that task through to completion. 

For running five miles, we won’t stop until we’ve ran the end of the 5th mile. Maybe we’re listening to music at the same time, but our mind still has a bit of attention to spare, and I think that is the key here. So often we go from focusing on our work and we think, “Okay, I need a break now.” Then we check Twitter and then we focus on things that aren't work related but still occupy some attention, which still means that they take some mental energy. But habits have actually been shown to lead us to a greater number of creative insights than doing something that requires focus, like Twitter. Plus, they make this mode fun while we scatter our attention for a bit longer. I call this mental mode scatter focus, when we deliberately let our mind wander. I think doing something habitual, whatever that is for you, whatever your favorite way is to let your mind wander, whatever you do should be effortlessly habitual and you'll find that you have a chance to replenish the tank a little bit. 

[00:49:39] MB: It's almost that same idea that the structure of that habitual task creates the freedom and the flexibility to let the mind wander. 

[00:49:48] CB: Yeah. Yeah, exactly. It's this wonderful idea where we kind of – We don't necessarily lose control of our attention, because we have less control of our attention than we might think throughout the day. There is an upper limit to how much intention we can have. So say you're watching a movie, for example, you chose to watch the movie, but in the moment you kind of lose control of your focus, of your attention, which makes it quite possible easy to recharge, because Steven Spielberg or whomever the director is, is the one who guides your thoughts forward. They tell you what to think by presenting you with visual stimuli. 

So we have about the same amount of control when we let our attention roam free, because we don't have to regulate it in one way or another. So it's like watching a movie. Where does your mind go when you weight it down to the present moment. For listeners who want to concretely implement some things we’ve talked about it, and we’ve talked about a lot of different strategies and tactics. What would be sort of a starting point for them? A beginning action step they could execute to begin to put these ideas in place?

[00:50:58] CB: This is I think the tough part about writing and speaking about personal productivity, is that it's personal. So what works for you might not be what works for me, which might not be what works for somebody else. This is actually a personal pet peeve that I have with a lot of productivity books, even ones that are science-based that presents some framework of living or thinking or working is we’re different. We do different work. We’re all wired differently as well. We really have to do what it takes for us to leave the rest. 

That's what I would encourage you to do for maybe this conversation, is what's one or two things that worked for you, resonated for you? Can you make your phone screen black and white? Do you have the budget to subscribe to the physical paper while cutting yourself off from digital news sources? You'll be so refreshed when you do. Trust me. I'm in Canada and I even get a lot of news that comes from the U.S. So if it's refreshing up here, it must be refreshing down there. It's a way of staying informed while not staying overwhelmed. 

Know how different apps make you feel. Maybe schedule some time for tomorrow, 20 minutes to do a spring cleaning for your phone. Research the screen time feature of your iPhone to really look at how –Like your natural patterns for how you use the devices. Mind the gaps in your schedule. So kind of make some space between the cars on the proverbial highway in which you live and work. Maybe make a mindless folder on your computer or on your smartphone so that you put all these social media apps in the mindless folder and that present you a queue that you're about to distract yourself. Delete the email app off of your phone. Do a phone swap when you're with your partner when you're out for dinner, for example. 

One of my favorite rituals that my partner and I have is when we’re out for dinner, we swap phones, so that we have a phone to take a picture of whatever we need to with, but we don't have a personalized world of distraction at our fingertips. Start a nightly shut off ritual. I’m trying to close the loop on every tactic that I mentioned today and then a couple, but I think that covers most of them. I think the bottom line is that there are all things that – There are things that all of us can do in order to increase the quality of our attention, but pick one or two to start with and reflect on how much more they allow you to accomplish and how they affect the state of your attention, because the state of our attention determines the state of our lives, and it's so critical, I think, to defend it. 

[00:53:26] MB: What a great quote, the state of your attention determines the state of your life. 

[00:53:30] CB: It's so true, yeah. It's the one thing. I don't if you’ve ever watched one of those crime shows where somebody's solving a murder.

[00:53:36] MB: Good cop? I’m just kidding. 

[00:53:38] CB: I don’t know. There's one of these. There's one of these, and it's always Sunny in Philadelphia. It's like a joke, I think. But there's like – Somebody has the map and they've got string attached to places, attached to pictures of memos and newspaper articles. This was like the state of my office over the course of writing this book. That was actually the one thing that really came out in connecting all the bits and pieces of the research. The state of our attention determines the state of our lives, and it's more important than we think it is. We should all watch The Good Cop, because it's a great show.

[00:54:14] MB: For listeners who want to find you and your work online, what is the best place for them to do that? 

[00:54:19] CB: Yeah, on the Internet. I am at alifeofproductivity.com, is my site, and I think I'm on – Yeah, I’m on Twitter, Chris_Bailey is my thing there. The book is called Hyperfocus. I forgot, the main thing I'm here like promoting, but yeah, Hyperfocus: How to Be More Productive in a World of Distraction. It’s wherever books are sold, you could pick up a copy. 

[00:54:41] MB: We’ll make sure to throw a link to the book, a link to your site and the other resources and things we’ve mentioned in this episode in the show notes including link to Good Cop. 

[00:54:49] CB: Maybe most important – Yeah, I think if there's one thing to take away from this episode, it's that we should all be appreciating Josh Groban's immense vessel of talent. He's making TV show. He’s singing songs. He's got a great new album out, a great song called Granted that you should check out immediately following this episode. I wish it could like lead us out, but then there's a whole host of copyright issues. But Josh Grogan should be leading us all out in one way or another. 

[00:55:18] MB: Josh, if you or your people are listening to this, give us a call about sponsoring this episode. No, I’m just kidding. But maybe not. But Chris, thank you so much for coming on the show and sharing all these insights. So many important tactics, strategies and revelations about how to really think about productivity in the right way. 

[00:55:34] CB: Thanks so much, Matt. That was fun.

[00:55:36] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called How to Organize and Remember Everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


December 13, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
Gay Hendricks-01.png

Are You Ready To Spend More Time On What You LOVE? A Conversation with Gay Hendricks

December 06, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity, Mind Expansion

In this episode we explore how to unleash and live in your genius. How do you discover what your genius is? How can you spend more and more of your time doing what you love? We discuss how you can unlock the incredible potential within yourself and avoid the traps that may stop you from getting there. We share the lessons learned from working with more than 20,000 people to help them on their own journeys to genius - and give you the exact strategies and tactics to create a positive upward spiral of genius for yourself with our guest Dr. Gay Hendricks. 

Dr. Gay Hendricks is the president of the Hendricks Institute and has been a thought leader in the fields of relationship transformation and body-mind therapies for over 45 years. Gay earned his Ph.D in counseling psychology from Stanford and taught at the University of Colorado for 21 years and has conducted seminars across the globe. He is also a multi-bestselling author, having written more than 40 books most recently The Joy of Genius which was released earlier this year!

  • The 2 big issues that human beings face

  • Upper limit problems 

    1. Living in your genius 

  • People get used to operating at a certain level of success, happiness, etc - we often trip these fears that cause us to sabotage back to the levels we feel we deserve

  • Lessons from working with over 20,000 people and 5000 couples 

  • Almost everyone, no matter how successful you are, has a lot of potential left to be developed 

  • We all have remaining potential left on the table in the form of our “Genius"

  • Many of us get stuck in one of three boxes

  • Incompetence

    1. Competence

    2. Excellence (the most dangerous) 

  • All of these boxes prevent us from getting to the most important place - the place of Genius 

  • You need to make a commitment to bringing forth your genius. You have absolutely no idea how much potential you have left inside of yourself. 

  • It doesn’t matter how bright you are - it’s about making an inner commitment to bringing your genius out. That inner commitment is the first starting place. 

  • How Gay went from spending 10% of his life doing what he loves - it took him years to get to 30%, years more to get to 50% - until 20 years later he spends 90% of his time doing what he loves 

  • Every time you expand into more and more of what you love to do, it invites and brings in more energy 

  • The first thing you need to do is find out if you’re courageous enough to make a heart felt commitment to living in your zone of genius 

  • Simple Mantra - “I Commit To Bringing Forth My Genius No Matter What It Takes"

  • Say that to yourself and mean it sincerely 

  • You must find 10 minutes per day committed to finding your genius

  • Ask yourself in a wondering way - “What is my Genius?"

  • Genius is addictive and its contagious - the more you do it, the more you want to do it , the more you inspire people with your genius, the more people who get inspired 

  • When you make a commitment to your own genius, you’re starting to inspire others to get in touch with their own genius as well 

  • What is the genius Move? How can you do it ever day?

  • What’s a Genius Moment? We are confronted with them every day. 

  • A genius moment may look like a problem at the surface, but it’s often actually an invitation to spot your genius 

  • When you come up with something that’s outside your control, that you don’t know how to control 

  • There are some things you can control, and some things you cannot control 

  • What often makes miserable is focusing on things that we don’t have control over whatsoever 

  • None of us have any control whatsoever over the past - the only reason to think about the past is to identify something in this moment that you can do differently 

  • Whenever you are worried about the past or worried about the future - that is an opportunity for genius

  • Let go of the baggage and radiate into the presence - open up new space for your genius to emerge 

  • True creativity is when you’re expressing your own genius - and when you’re doing it in a way that is inspiring others around you

  • “All of humanities problems stem from not being able to sit quietly in a room” - Blaise Pascal

  • Homework: Sit for 10 minutes quietly living with the question of “What is my genius?"

  • If you already know what your genius is - ask yourself “ How can I bring forth my genius in a way that inspires me and other people I interact with?"

  • How and why you can use “Wonder questions” to discover your life’s purpose 

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybutton.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

logo_color.png

Make a positive impact this giving season!

And let us make it easy and help you do it!
That's why for the rest of 2018, we're proud to be partnering with The Life You Can Save!

CharityImage-01.png

For a limited time, we're giving you the chance to win a free $100 donation to The Life You Can Save charity and cause of your choice!

Simply click here or the image above and submit your answer to be instantly entered to win!

The Life You Can Save has a well-curated, compelling list of impactful giving opportunities where your donation will be HIGHLY IMPACTFUL and cost-effective!

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [Book] The Joy of Genius by Gay Hendricks PH.D.

  • [Website] Hendricks Institute

  • [SoS Episode] How You Can CRUSH Self Sabotage with Dr. Gay Hendricks

Episode Transcript


[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than three million downloads, listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we explore how to unleash and live in your genius. How do you discover what your genius is? How can you spend more and more of your time doing what you love? We discuss how you can unlock the incredible potential within yourself and avoid the traps that may stop you from getting there. We share lessons learned from working with more than 20,000 people to help them on their own journeys to genius and give you the exact strategies and tactics to create a positive upward spiral of genius for yourself with our guest, Dr. Gay Hendricks.

Do you need more time? Time for work, time for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life, time to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our e-mail list. It’s called How You Can Create Time for the Things That Really Matter in Life. You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the e-mail list at successpodcast.com.

You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our e-mail subscribers. We recently pre released an episode in an interview to our e-mail subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience. That had tremendous implications, because there is a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first.

With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live exclusive interview just for e-mail subscribers. There's some amazing stuff that's available only to e-mail subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the e-mail list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page.

Or if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44-222. That’s S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

In our previous episode, we explored how you can confidently be yourself even if you're afraid what other people may do or think. We discussed how your obsession with niceness and people-pleasing is often a problem and shared specific strategies you can use to overcome it. We talked about the power and importance of saying no and the right way to do it, so that you can move away from approval seeking and step into bold authenticity with our previous guest, Dr. Aziz Gazipura. If you want to stop being afraid to be yourself, listen to our previous episode.

Now for our interview with Dr. Hendricks.

[0:03:03.2] MB: Today, we have another incredible guest back on the show, Dr. Gay Hendricks. Gay is the President of the Hendricks Institute and has been a thought leader in the fields of relationship, transformation and body mind therapies for over 45 years. He earned his PhD in counseling psychology from Stanford and taught at the University of Colorado for 21 years. He's conducted seminars across the globe and is a multi-bestselling author of over 40 books, most recently of which is The Joy of Genius. Gay welcome back to the Science of Success.

[0:03:31.4] GH: Thanks a lot Matt. It's really great to be back with you and your audience.

[0:03:35.3] MB: Well, we really enjoyed the conversation the first time around and obviously you've got this new book coming out, which is the sequel to The Big Leap, which is a phenomenal book and really transformational book personally for me. I'd love to start with just rehashing some of the key themes and ideas, because what you write about in Joy of Genius really builds on the work from Big Leap. Tell me a little bit about the core ideas around Big Leap and this notion of upper limit problems and how we often self-sabotage and reset our happiness.

[0:04:05.2] GH: Yes. Well, The Big Leap is really about two big issues that human beings face. One of them, I gave the name for it many years ago. I started calling it the upper limit problem. What happens is that people get used to operating at a certain level of success, or a certain level of feeling good, or a certain level of flow of intimacy in their relationships. Then upper limits come up where certain fears get triggered inside ourselves and cause us to sabotage ourselves and bring us back down to a more familiar level. That's one thing The Big Leap is all about is how to spot your upper limit problems and how to handle those four or five key fears that are underneath the upper limit problem.

For example, many people as they get more successful, they trip an old fear inside of feeling unworthy, or low self-esteem and that causes them then to sabotage themselves. Other people trip a fear of outshining other people and that causes the upper limit problem to fall into place on them. The Big Leap is about the upper limit problem. It's also about genius and what I then called the zone of genius, I now call it the genius spiral in the new book. Because I began to feel that zone is a little limiting in itself and that it applies that it's an enclosed space.

I decided to come up with a new image and I call it now the genius spiral. I'll explain that in a moment, but genius is all about finding out what you most love to do inside. It also coincides with what you are most productive and contributive with. What I've found from working with people over the years, I think we've worked with about 20,000 people now in our seminars and about 4 or 5,000 couples in our relationship seminars, what we found is that almost everyone, no matter how successful you are, has still a lot of potential left to be developed.

I've worked with some of the best executives, I used to consult with the top team at Dell computer and I've worked with all sorts of different very bright people and I've never met one including myself that didn't have some remaining potential they were leaving on the table in the form of their genius. What happens is that many of us get stuck in one of three boxes. One is the incompetence box, where you're doing things that you're not very good at and complaining about it a lot. Number two is the competence box, where you're doing things that you're pretty good at but somebody else could do them just as well.

The third box that people, especially very bright capable people get stuck in is the excellence box where you're doing things that you're really good at and you get good feedback at and probably make good money at too, but it's not really what you want to be doing down in your heart and soul. What I say is that human beings need to make a commitment to bringing forth their genius, because people I've worked with, including myself and my wife and others right around us here come back later and think, “Wow, I had no idea I was leaving so much of my potential on the table unexpressed.”

Once you begin to look for and express your genius, I say you have absolutely no idea what miracles you can contribute in your life. The new book, The Joy of Genius builds on The Big Leap, because it's about soaring higher and higher on the genius spiral. It has its own set of moves and ideas in it, including the one you mentioned the genius move. I want to spend time talking to you about those kinds of things, but I wanted to give a little background in The Big Leap first.

[0:08:06.6] MB: What a great idea. I love this concept that even the most successful people have potential left on the table.

[0:08:14.5] GH: Yes, absolutely. In fact when I started thinking about this, I always tell people when they ask me how long did it take to write The Big Leap? I said, “Well, I thought about it for 30 years and then it took about a year to write it.” In thinking about it in the 30 years before I wrote The Big Leap, I discovered first of all in myself that I was only spending about 10% of my work time doing things I really love to do.

Here I was. I was a PhD from Stanford, so I oughta have known better. That's why I say it doesn't matter how bright you are, or how many PhDs are MDS or anything you have, it's all about making an inner commitment first of all, to bringing forth your genius. When I first started thinking about it I said, “Wow, I'm leaving 90% of my potential on the table.”

I began to first of all, make a commitment to it and then choose activities in my life that were based on things I love to do. My first goal, I just wanted to get from 10% up to maybe where I was spending a third of my time doing things I really loved to do. It took me a while to get there. I'm not saying this is an overnight thing. This sometimes takes – it took me a couple of years to get from 10% up to 30% of my time. Then it took me a couple more years to get up to 50% of my time.

After a few years I realized, “Hey, I'm spending half my time doing things I love to do. The rest of my time I'm spending time doing things I have to do, or promise somebody I’d do. They're not necessarily my genius, but I'm spending time on them.” I set the goal of doing 70% of my time in my zone of genius on the genius spiral. That took me a little while longer.

Now for the past 20 years or so, I spend 90% of my time doing what I most love to do, including what you and I are doing right now, Matt. I really enjoy, even though I've done hundreds and hundreds of interviews, every single one of them is a new opportunity for me to help people understand how to invite forth their genius. I can tell you from having lived my life over the past many years, there's nothing more satisfying than accessing your own genius and also inspiring the genius of people around you. To me, that's life at its best and that's what I want everybody that reads the joy of genius to learn how to do.

[0:10:42.8] MB: You bring up another really important conclusion in that story, and it's the idea that this is not a quick fix. It's not an overnight thing. It's about a slow building up of that genius muscle. I mean, I think it's such a great image. It took you years to go from 10% of your time in your place of genius to 30% of your time and years more to get to 50%.

For people listening, you think that you're going to get this magic answer that's going to instantly snap you into living your best life all the time, but the reality is it takes a lot of energy, it takes a lot of presence, it takes a lot of focus to every single day just expand and expand and expand and it's hard work.

[0:11:21.0] GH: Yeah. It's essential work. Though it took me a while, but it wasn't really hard in the sense that every time I expanded into doing more and more of what I most loved to do, it invites up more energy. Every time you make a bigger commitment to your genius, you get a bigger wave of energy that you can ride, so life always gives us exactly what we need. A lot of times, we're leaving on the table what we really want. What I really want people to do first and foremost is find out if they're courageous enough to make an actual heartfelt inner commitment to bringing forth their genius.

In The Joy of Genius, the new book I give some specific ways you can do that, but let me just give you a simple example, a 10 second example. It only takes 10 seconds to say to yourself, “I commit to bringing forth my genius, no matter what it takes.” I think it takes that commitment to doing it. You need to do whatever it takes to bring forth your genius. If you just said that simple sentence to yourself and meant it sincerely, “I commit to bringing forth my genius, no matter what it takes,” that simple commitment gets you into the game.

Even when we're working with super top-of-the-line Fortune 50 executives, we always start the same way. We ask them to make a commitment to bringing forth their genius. Then we ask them to make a commitment to spending at first 10 minutes a day focusing on it. No matter how busy somebody is, they can always find 10 minutes a day. Sometimes if people don't know what their genius is, we ask them to simply go in a room for 10 minutes and ask the question in a wondering way, “Hmm, what is my genius?” Take a notepad in and just jot down things that come forth. You might have to ask that a dozen times before anything comes.

Even if you spent the whole 10 minutes just saying, “Hmm, what really is my genius?” That would be valuable time spent, because you would be opening up to a very essential question that all of us need to answer.

If I may tell a quick story, my wife and I actually while we're doing this interview this month, we're having our 37th wedding anniversary this month. We've been married – we got married in Colorado and at our wedding which was up on the top of a mountain, in the middle of us saying our wedding vows, two beautiful hawks came way up in the sky above us and circled around and around riding wind currents up into the sky, higher and higher. It were such a beautiful metaphor that we actually got a picture of it on our wedding day and we think about that oftentimes and I think about that a lot when I was writing The Joy of Genius, because that's where I got the original idea for the genius spiral.

I noticed that those hawks as they were soaring higher and higher riding the wind currents and going around and around in this spiral, they were doing it absolutely effortlessly. They weren't working hard at it. They weren't flapping their wings wildly or anything. They were just making these little subtle adjustments that allowed them to ride higher and higher on the wind currents. I thought, “What a beautiful metaphor for how your exploration of genius can go, that it doesn't really need to be hard painful work. It's just a matter of committing to it and then staying in the flow of it.”

We ask people to begin with the 10-minute exercise, but what we know is that that 10 minutes is going to soon be 20 minutes. Because genius is addictive and it's contagious, the more you do of your genius, the more you want to do of your genius. The more you inspire other people with your genius, the more people get inspired. When I first started, I talked about these ideas first with a little group of six professionals and executives. From that, grew another group of 30 of them. After a while, I was talking to 500 people at a time about the upper limit problem and the genius spiral. Then it spiraled out to a few million people after I wrote The Big Leap.

What I'm telling people is that when you make a commitment to your own genius, you're also beginning a process that inspires people around you to be more in touch with their genius. That to me is the real joy of genius is when you feel it inside and you see it on the faces of the people that you inspire.

[0:16:13.5] MB: I'm so excited to tell you about our sponsor for this holiday season, the incredible organization The Life You Can Save. I'm sure you get overwhelmed by the countless giving opportunities out there. You feel confused, frustrated and unsure about what the best thing to do is.

When that happens, you often end up making scattered donations to a smattering of random charities with no idea of the real impact you're creating on people's lives. That's why I love The Life You Can Save. You know the focus of the Science of Success is on being evidence-based. The beautiful thing about The Life You Can Save is that they focus on evidence-based giving, finding, selecting and curating the most high-impact donation opportunities, so that you don't have to do all that hard work.

You can start giving right now by visiting ww.thelifeyoucansave.org/success. That's thelifeyoucansave.org/success. They've already done the homework and they have an incredible, well-curated compelling list of hugely impactful giving opportunities where your donation will be high leverage and cost effective.

Our hearts, relationships and networks often guide our giving. The resulting donations usually do some good, but rarely as much as we like them to do. The Life You Can Save makes it so that you can easily navigate how to make your charitable giving go much, much further. While you may not be as wealthy or successful as Bill Gates, yet you can still have an enormous impact on the lives of people living in extreme poverty. They can experience dramatic improvements in their lives for much smaller donations.

Visit thelifeyoucansave.org/success to find out more and make rational evidence-based charitable gifts this holiday season.

[0:18:24.5] MB: How does this relate to what you've called the genius move?

[0:18:28.5] GH: Yes. Well, the genius move is something that happened, that you have the opportunity to do throughout the day. In The Joy of Genius, I describe what I call the genius moment. If you think about it, we're confronted with genius moments throughout the day and the genius move is what you do in that moment. Let me tell you how to spot a genius moment first; a genius moment may look like a problem on the surface, but what it really is is an invitation to calling forth your genius.

Here's a quick way to spot a genius moment; it's when you come up against something that is outside your control, that you don't know how to control. You probably know in the 12-step world and places like that, there's a tremendous emphasis on letting go of focusing on things that you don't have any control over and opening up to the real magic of the present moment. I want to give you a quotation from somebody from 2,000 years ago. There was a great philosopher named Epictetus.

The first line of his book says it all. I quote this in The Joy of Genius. Epictetus said, “The secret of happiness is knowing that there are some things you can control and some things you cannot.” If you think of the moments that go by during your day, a lot of the things that make us miserable is when we lock in and start obsessively thinking about things that we don't have any control over whatsoever.

I've worked with so many people that get all caught up in their minds about what other people think of them. If you think about it for a moment, none of us have any ability to control what other people think of us. It's a total wasted use of our mental abilities to obsess about that. Whereas, if you bring yourself into the present, into right now, there is probable something that you could do that's positive that would make people think well of you.

A lot of us don't get around to that, because we get all consumed with the activity in our mind and thinking about all the people we have to be responsible to, jamming up our minds with a real traffic jam of thoughts about things that we don't have any control over. Or here's another classic example; we work with people all the time here who are caught up with something that happened in their past. They can't let go of something that happened before; some bad thing they did, or some unpleasant event that happened, or some very painful event from early in their life.

If you think about for a moment, you realize that none of us have any control whatsoever over the past. There's only one reason to think about the past and that's to identify something in this moment that you can do differently. For example, if you're caught up in thinking about some relationship that was painful that happened some years ago, even if the person is dead, not even living, what we do here is we have people take an action in the present that gets them out of the past.

For example, there was a person once that I realized one day that I still owed some money to, a $160 to then I borrowed from this person to complete my graduate program at the University of New Hampshire in 1968. Then I got mad that this person. We got into a hassle and I ended up quitting my job. I guess, I used unconsciously the excuse that I was mad at him as an excuse not to pay him back. Some years later, that came into my mind and I said, “Wait a minute, that's an incompletion. I still owe him – I owe him more money now if I include a little interest.” I'm using in my mind the fact that I was angry at him to not keep an agreement that I made. I realized, that's such an unhappy making thing to do.

I got in touch with him and tracked him down. He was living 3,000 miles away by then, but tracked him down and was able to pay him money back and his money back and a little extra. I really, at that moment, I felt a relaxation inside that I'd never really felt before. That's an example of how to do something in the present that completes the past.

Whenever you find yourself thinking about the past, or worried about the future, that is a genius moment. Because in that moment, if you can use the genius move from The Joy of Genius, where I show you how to let go of all of that and radiate and illuminate the present to open into that beautiful big space of the present, the moment you learn how to do that with the genius move, you open up new space for your true genius to emerge.

When you're not caught up in thinking about the past, or not caught up and worried about the future, you will be amazed at how much genius, how much natural genius you have access to in that big open space called the present. What I try to do in The Joy of Genius is I wrote the book, so it's like just you sitting here in my office with me. If you buy the audiobook, particularly it's really like me talking to you in your ear. If you get the electronic book, you can always turn on the whisper sync and hear the audio in the background.

I'm very interested in creating the atmosphere in the book that people have here in my office. That's the value of The Joy of Genius. It gives you that real intimate approach where you can bring forth your genius in the quiet of yourself and by doing that, begin to inspire people around you in a way that maybe you've never inspired them before.

[0:24:43.9] MB: I think that's a great example and really provides a meaningful way to think about that in any moment when you're encountering a problem. How can you open yourself up to the present and really let your genius flow into that?

[0:24:55.6] GH: Yeah, it's absolutely crucial, because the thing is that I think if you look down inside yourself you personally, as well as folks that are listening to the podcast, if you check down in yourself, I bet you'll find as I did that there's a way you're never going to be quite satisfied in life, unless you're bringing forth your true genius.

I make a distinction in The Joy of Genius between ordinary creativity and true creativity. True creativity is when you're expressing your own genius and you're doing it in a way that inspires other people around you. That's the difference between true creativity and ordinary creativity. Ordinary creativity is when you're using your creativity to meet somebody else's goals, like through a regular job. You need to bring your creativity to it, but in a way you can't feel ultimately good about that because it's not your own creativity that you're using to develop your own life. I want people to have that intimate conversation with yourself.

There's a great philosopher 400 years ago, I think, now named Blaise Pascal. Blaise Pascal, I don't know too much about him, but I wrote down one thing that he said which just knocked my socks off some years ago. Here's the gist of what he said, he said, “All of humanity's problems stem from not being able to sit in a room by ourselves for 10 minutes doing nothing.” I thought that was such a genius statement, because if you think about it, what most of us need is a good 10 minutes a day of deep communion with who we really are and what we really want to bring forth into the world? What is my specific individual genius? What are my unique abilities? What do I love to do more than anything in the world?

As we begin to bring those forth, as you begin to invite that out into the world, it's just like miracles start to happen all around you. I wouldn't have been able to say this 30 or 40 years ago, because it felt I was breaking new ground in myself. When I started seeing the results around me, when I started working with executives and telling them about my journey and inviting them to open up to their true creativity and their true genius, it turned on lights in a lot of people that they had never experienced before. That ultimately led me to write The Big Leap.

What I've been working on in the nine years since The Big Leap came out was The Joy of Genius and how to put this thing called the genius move and the genius moment into something where people could actually hold this little book in their hand. When I say little yeah, I think it may be one of the shortest books I've ever read. It's only a 120 or 30 pages. You can literally read it on an airplane trip, like I got an e-mail yesterday from a guy executive back east who'd said he'd read it on the trip from Chicago back home to New York. He said, “I cannot write this down. I have to write you this fan letter.” He sat down in the airport when he got there and wrote this e-mail.

That's exactly what I want for the book is if you give it even 10 minutes and read the first chapter, I predict it's going to change your whole thinking about who you are and what your genius is. Then give it another hour, the commuter time from Chicago to New York, or New York to Washington, or LA to San Francisco, or Austin to Dallas and get that book out and just commit those commitments to memory that I give you in the book. They will really save your bacon on more than one occasion when times get tough.

I consider it my own personal handbook for healthy conscious living. It's the last one of these type of books I intend to write, because it really has everything I really think it's important to say about human transformation in it. I really invite everybody to take it and make it theirs. I appreciate you Matt for bringing forth what you're doing, because I appreciate the work that you do on helping people bring forth their genius every week through your – I've seen other people that you talk to and other conversations you have, and I really want to appreciate you for the quality of the conversations you're bringing into the world. You're obviously operating on the genius spiral yourself.

[0:29:40.2] MB: You're very kind. You're very kind. It's people like you helped me along my own journey of thinking about how I can tackle up or limit problems and try to bring forth my genius more frequently.

[0:29:51.9] GH: Well good. It's been a real pleasure talking to you. I would love to come back on sometime after the book’s been out for a few months and have everybody that's read it join us again and we'll go a little bit deeper on it.

[0:30:03.8] MB: Awesome. Well, I know you're short on time and you have to run. For one quick final question, what would be one action item you'd give to listeners other than checking out the book, as a piece of homework they could do to start bringing forth their genius?

[0:30:17.5] GH: I'll give you the same assignment I've given to billionaires here in my office or their offices, which is let's sit together for 10 minutes first. Just living in the question of what is my genius? If you already have a sense of what your genius is, ask another question, which is how can I bring forth my genius in ways that inspire me and people I interact with? How can I bring forth my genius in a way that inspires me and other people I interact with?

Take 10 minutes. Let's take Blaise Pascal's advice and go in a room by yourself, or with a coach for 10 minutes and just spend time asking that question. What we call them are wonder questions, because you're not trying to beat yourself up with the question like – you're not saying, “Oh, why can't I think about my genius?” You ask it in a wonder sense, “Hmm, what is my genius and how can I best bring it forth?”

[0:31:17.7] MB: Well, thank you once again for coming on the show. It's great to have you back on here. A huge fan of you and your work and we're so glad that you could join us once again.

[0:31:25.3] GH: Thank you very much, Matt. I appreciate you and what you're doing in the world. Thanks to all our – my Big Leap readers and the readers of the new book, I really appreciate you.

[0:31:35.1] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


December 06, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity, Mind Expansion
Dr. Taylor Newendorp-01.png

How You Can Overcome Procrastination and People Pleasing with Dr. Taylor Newendorp

November 01, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity, Emotional Intelligence

In this episode we discuss how to deal with never feeling like you’re “enough,” show you how to overcome the insidious trap of "people pleasing,” look at the most effective treatments for OCD, panic attacks, anxiety and stress, discover the dangers of “toxic perfectionism” and how it might be holding you back, tell you why “should” is a dangerous word, and much more with our guest Taylor Newendorp. 

Taylor Newendorp is the founder and president of Chicago Counseling Center and specializes in the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Perfectionism, and Anxiety Disorders. He was worked as a practicing therapist for many years and completed the International OCD Foundation's Behavioral Therapy Training Institute Taylor is the author of The Perfectionism Workbook: Proven Strategies to Break Free from Perfectionism and Achieve Your Goals.

  • What is the myth of perfection and how does it impact your life?

  • Hiding weaknesses and mistakes is very dangerous and contra to personal growth

  • You are more likely to grow, thrive, and succeed once you acknowledge and accept your weaknesses

  • The Five Tendencies of Toxic Perfectionism

  • “People Pleasing” perfectionism

  • Expectations placed on you by by your family or the environment you grew up in

    1. Every action you take is designed to please other people and you constantly need external approval to feel good about yourself

    2. Everyone liking you is an impossible and unachievable goal. No matter what you do there is no way to please everyone. 

  • What is the root cause behind the “people pleasing” tendency? 

  • Perfectionism can often be genetically pre-disposed if your family has a history of OCD or anxiety

  • People pleasing is rooted in the idea that for you to be loved you have to achieve and be successful

  • How do you overcome the fear that if you give up your perfectionist expectations and the desire to please others that you will flip to the opposite and be unproductive and unliked?

  • How much of what you’re doing is is because you WANT to or because you feel like you HAVE TO in order to have other people like you?

  • What activities are you doing that you do solely for the approval of others? Would you do them for their own sake?

  • One of the biggest roots of perfectionism is your own expectations of yourself and others 

  • Growth Mindset vs Fixed Mindset and how that impacts perfectionist tendencies 

  • The danger of being a “procrastinating perfectionist"

  • Put off doing something because you’re worried it’s not perfect

  • Do you feel a feeling of discontent? No matter what you do, no matter what you achieve, do you feel like it’s never enough? Do you keep pushing yourself harder and harder causing stress and anxiety for yourself?

  • How do you deal with self criticism and negative self talk?

  • What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and how does it work?

  • How do your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors all impact each other?

    1. The way we think about things has a direct impact on our emotions and feelings

    2. Looking at your thought process

    3. Looking at your expectations of others

    4. Looking at what you’ve been telling yourself

  • Examining your own thought processes is a HUGE key to solving this

  • Exposure and response prevention is a highly effective solution to OCD, panic attacks, anxiety disorders, etc 

  • Purposely exposing yourself to something that produces an amount of anxiety, stress, and discomfort, and then preventing your usual response 

  • The more you face what causes you distress and tolerate it, your stress and discomfort around it starts to fade 

  • The danger of using the word “Should”

  • Learn and familiarize yourself with the cognitive distortions that are out there and see how they are playing out in your head 

  • Understand the connection between thoughts and feelings and how that might be influencing how you’re behaving

  • One question you can use to challenge your negative thoughts - if you had to stand up in a court of law and prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that this thought is 100% true would it hold up? 

  • Often you have NO evidence to back this thought up 

  • Expectations are often at the root of our “shoulds” and your perfectionist tendencies 

  • When you feel something uncomfortable - avoidance and distraction are the two most common strategies for avoiding discomfort

  • The more you avoid something the more you increase your anxiety around that fear. The fear grows larger and larger in your brain. The more you face and spend time with your fears, your anxiety dissipates. 

  • Dig into and understand the triggers that make you uncomfortable and continually face them to build tolerance and resistance to them 

  • Exposure and response therapy creates new neural pathways that reduce anxiety over time

  • What is the relationship between perfectionism and OCD?

  • A lot of people with OCD engage in compulsive behaviors to get a sense that things feel “just right"

  • Being enough and achieving your goals without fear

  • You should make your goals specific, measurable, and meaningful 

  • Mindfulness at its core is about observing yourself, observing others, without attaching judgement to it 

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybutton.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

brilliantimage.png

This weeks episode is brought to you by our partners at Brilliant! Brilliant is math and science enrichment learning. Learn concepts by solving fascinating, challenging problems. Brilliant explores probability, computer science, machine learning, physics of the everyday, complex algebra, and much more. Dive into an addictive interactive experience enjoyed by over 5 million students, professionals, and enthusiasts around the world.

You can get started for free right now!

If you enjoy learning these incredibly important skills, Brilliant is offering THE FIRST 200 Science of Success listeners 20% off their Annual Premium Subscription. Simply go to brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess to claim your discount!

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [SoS Episode] Research Reveals How You Can Create The Mindset of a Champion with Dr. Carol Dweck

  • [SoS Episode] Your Secret Weapon to Becoming Fearless with Jia Jiang

  • [Website] Chicago Counseling Center

  • [Book] The Perfectionism Workbook: Proven Strategies to End Procrastination, Accept Yourself, and Achieve Your Goals by Taylor Newendorp MA LCPC

  • [Website] Rejection Therapy with Jia Jiang

Episode Transcript


[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than three million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we discuss how to deal with never feeling like you’re enough. We show you how to overcome the insidious trap of people pleasing, look at the most effective treatments for OCD, panic attacks, anxiety and stress. We discover the dangers of toxic perfectionism and how it might be holding you back. We tell you why the word should is so dangerous and much more with our guest, Taylor Newendorp.

Do you need more time? Time for work, time for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life, time to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our e-mail list. It's called How You Can Create Time for the Things That Really Matter in Life.

You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the e-mail list at successpodcast.com. You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our e-mail subscribers. We recently pre-released an episode in an interview to our e-mail subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience, and that had tremendous implications because there is a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first.

With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live exclusive interview just for e-mail subscribers. There's some amazing stuff that's available only to e-mail subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the e-mail list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. Or if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44-222. That’s S-MA-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

In our previous episode, we discussed the surprising science of creativity. We started with a fascinating look into how your brain creates reality around you and a science meaning to things that often have no meaning at all. Then, we examined the unlikely relationship between doubt, ambiguity and creativity. We asked how you can chip away at your assumptions, so that you can open up spaces of possibility to be more creative.

We explored the foundations of asking truly great questions and examine the way that doubt can be a powerful force for unleashing creative insights and much more with our previous guest, Dr. Beau Lotto. If you want to create epic breakthroughs in your life, check out our previous episode.

Now for our interview with Taylor.

[0:03:05.4] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show, Taylor Newendorp. Taylor is the Founder and President of the Chicago Counseling Center and specializes in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, perfectionism and anxiety disorders. He's worked as a practicing therapist for many years and completed the international OCD foundation’s behavioral therapy training institute. He's also the author of The Perfectionism Workbook: Proven Strategies to Break Free From Perfectionism and Achieve Your Goals.

Taylor, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:36.4] TN: Thank you, Matt. I appreciate you having me on.

[0:03:38.6] MB: Well, we're excited to have you on the show today. I'd love to start out with obviously you've done a lot of work around perfectionism and you talked about this idea of the myth of perfection. Tell me a little bit about that.

[0:03:50.4] TN: Yeah, sure. I think a lot of people could probably relate to the fact that especially in our culture, there is a lot of importance placed on doing your best, being successful. There's really nothing wrong with that. Where things go skew, if you will, is when people start to form the belief that they have to be perfect in every respect of their life to achieve success. They have to be perfect in their personal and professional relationships. They have to come across perfectly when they're interacting with anyone on any level and they can't let anybody perceive that they might possess any weaknesses, and that they especially tend to live in fear of people knowing that they might have possibly made a mistake at some point in their life.

This myth of perfection, it is a positive thing that it's something that people could and should strive for in order to have a certain amount of success in their life. The problem is that I think most people probably acknowledge that perfection is simply impossible to achieve. That's because perfection is a – it's a subjective thing. Two different people are not going to define perfection in the same way. Again, it's something that no one could ever really truly achieve.

The problem that is happening more and more for a lot of people is that the more they're striving to attain perfection in their lives and they're simply not achieving it, because again, it's unachievable, they're experiencing a lot of dissatisfaction, a lot of discontent, and that leads to really unpleasant things to experience; certainly stress, anxiety, depression that can even drive some people to really destructive behaviors, whether it's eating disorder behaviors and an attempt to achieve the “perfect body.”

Some people turn to substance abuse of some sort or another, because they can't cope with feeling like a failure all the time. There is a big crossover with perfectionism and a wide range of psychological disorders, especially things like eating disorders, like I mentioned, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

[0:06:12.5] MB: I think you bring up a really good point. It's something we talk a lot about on the show, which is basically the idea that you should try to hide your weaknesses, or ignore your mistakes, or bury your mistakes is really problematic and really dangerous.

[0:06:25.0] TN: Yeah. One thing that I just believe as a person and I see the more I'm on this plan and interacting with all different kinds of humans is that no part of being human is having certain strengths and also having certain weaknesses. A lot of people are very scared to show any vulnerability. In my work with people and what I try and touch on in the book is people actually tend to grow more once they acknowledge their weaknesses and work on ways to improve them and mistakes I do not see as a bad thing. There are some mistakes that can have negative consequences. For the most part as people, we tend to learn the most and grow and develop the most from the mistakes we've made in our lives.

[0:07:18.9] MB: For somebody who's listening that maybe has a tendency to hide their mistakes, or not want to acknowledge their weaknesses, how can they start to chip away at that, or move towards an acceptance of being imperfect?

[0:07:33.9] TN: Sure. One thing to think about is what I just touched on, which is this shared human condition, which is that we're all imperfect and that's just the way it's supposed to be. It's the way we all are. One thing I found really helpful in my work with people is using cognitive behavioral therapy techniques, and e specially the technique within cognitive behavioral therapy, which is understanding any unproductive, or unhealthy thinking you might be engaging in, which ties into the beliefs you hold on to.

Really taking a look at how realistic, or unrealistic those beliefs are and starting to chip away at your beliefs in a way that feels better to you, for lack of a better phrase, and also can lead to more acceptance and productivity.

[0:08:27.8] MB: I definitely want to dig into cognitive behavioral therapy and the implications of that. Before we get too deep down that rabbit hole, I want to come back and understand and dig into this idea of perfectionism a little bit more.

[0:08:41.3] TN: Sure.

[0:08:42.1] MB: Tell me about some of the tendencies, I think you call them the five tendencies of toxic perfectionism. Tell me a little bit more about how those manifested and what each of those are.

[0:08:52.9] TN: Yeah, definitely. Well, the first thing to understand is that there's overlap among all the different tendencies that people who struggle with, what I call dysfunctional perfectionism tend to have. Really quick, I just want to say perfectionism itself, it's a personality trait and people may have some traits that fall under these different perfectionist categories. When I go over them, it's not that anybody fits into just one box. People often share a few of these different, what I call toxic tendencies.

The first one that people really tend to get stuck in and struggle with is what is known as people-pleasing perfectionism. This occurs when people for whatever reason, sometimes it's because of their family environment that they grew up in and certain expectations are placed on them. Sometimes it's because of beliefs they come to form because of expectations placed on them by teachers, coaches, mentors over the years.

People start to form this idea that everything they do in their life must be done in the service of helping someone else feel good about them, if that makes any sense. In essence, they're not really doing anything for themselves. Every action they're taking is designed to please somebody else, and they really feel that they have to get this external stamp of approval to feel good about themselves at all.

This drives people to work excessively. They put self-care way, way, way on the backburner. These are people who get burnt out very frequently, both academically and in their professional careers. These are people who may not be fully honest, or be their true selves when it comes to any personal, or intimate relationship. Again, it all falls under this umbrella of they feel like they have to do everything just to make other people like them.

Again, this is something that is pretty much an impossible and unachievable goal, because I'm of the mindset that no matter what you do in your life, there's no way to please everybody all the time. That's one of the most toxic tendencies of perfectionism.

[0:11:15.0] MB: Before we dig into the next one, I'd love to talk a little bit more about people-pleasing, because I think that's something that resonates for me for sure and I'm sure many listeners also struggle with it. Tell me more about the root cause behind the tendency to want to be a people pleaser.

[0:11:29.7] TN: Yeah, that's a great question. It's hard to know the root cause for everyone, simply because everyone's an individual. One of the reasons I mentioned that perfectionism does seem to be a personality trait is because there's some evidence that's starting to show that this is actually a tendency that people are born with. When you look at people who struggle with perfectionistic tendencies, not all the time, but more often than not, there is a history of other things within the family.

It could be history of things like anxiety, depression, OCD, even a history things like substance abuse and that sort of thing. There's more and more research showing that it's very possible there's actually a genetic component that's influencing people's perfectionistic tendencies. Having said that, people can be born with this genetic predisposition, if you will, and then grow up in an environment that influences these 10 entities even more and really solidifies that what really becomes a need, a perceived need to please to everyone.

Again, everybody's different. A lot of times it does arise out of the environment we grow up. I use an example in The Perfectionism Workbook about a young woman I worked with. She was the youngest of four kids in her house, both parents were a highly successful, very well-liked individuals, her older her siblings all excelled in school, all did very well with their extracurricular activities, had an older brother who was an amateur athlete for a number of years.

She grew up with this expectation that she had to be the best. What she saw was that the more success everyone in her family had, the better lights they were, the more friends they had, the more people were coming around her house day in and day out. She started to internalize and come to form this idea that for me to make other people happy, for me to feel good about myself, I have to please others. The best way I know to do that is to always be at the top of the class. I have to be the best on my volleyball team. I have to not just volunteer for, but be the head of every extracurricular activity I can think of. These are ideas that if people start to believe them at younger ages, childhood, adolescence, they become solidified in early adulthood and it's really at hard to shake those beliefs.

[0:14:03.7] MB: I have a couple questions around this, but want to – I'm curious, how do you ultimately overcome the tendency of people-pleasing? I'm also really curious for somebody who is in that world of wanting to please people and having your identity be routed around feeling like you need to achieve and be successful to be loved, if they resolve that issue, do they then stop being productive? Do they then stop on the journey of success? Or how do you think about that piece of the puzzle?

[0:14:32.7] TN: Yeah, that's an excellent question as well. That's actually something I hear my clients express a fair amount is this fear that if they stop operating the way they have been, if they give up some of their beliefs and their perfectionist expectations of themselves, that somehow they will then flip to this total opposite, which is being a completely unproductive, unliked person.

All I can tell you is I've never once seen that happen to anybody as they've worked on trying to overcome their own perfectionistic tendencies. I think the reason for that is because they have set the bar so high for themselves that they can take the “risk” of lowering the bar a fairly decent amount and they're still going to be performing at a higher level than the average person. They're still going to be liked, just as well as they ever were.

I think one of the most important things for people-pleasing tendencies to explore is when you're undertaking any action and you behavior engaging, or engaging ion, how much of it is because you truly want to because it's something that feels meaningful and fulfilling to you? How much of it is because it feels like it's something you have to do, something you should be doing to make other people like you?

I think a lot of times when people can start to make the distinction that well, I actually about 85%, 90%, 99% of the time, I'm doing things because I feel like I have to. This is something I need to do, I must be doing to have other people like me, then that's where it's crossing the line. It's not really a meaningful fulfilling activity for the individual. They're simply doing it to have other people approve of them.

[0:16:24.4] MB: How do we start to chip away at the foundations of that, or move towards overcoming that tendency?

[0:16:32.3] TN: Yeah. It does take a decent amount of work. This is something I really don't sugarcoat at all, if people want to work on trying to make some changes in their lives and overcome these tendencies that are causing them more harm than good, causing them more stress than fulfillment. It does take a lot of work. It takes a lot of practice. I think the good news is that for people who have perfectionistic tendencies, anyway you're talking about people that tend to be highly intelligent, are usually very creative, people who are persistent, they've learned how to persevere, they're diligent, hard-working.

It's a matter of working with the individual and trying to help them harness those positive attributes they already possess, those skills that they already can implement and just using them in a different way. Really, the main thing to work on time and time again when you're struggling with perfectionism is really taking a look at your own expectations. What are your expectations of yourself? What are your expectations of others and how realistic are they?

It comes back to some of the cognitive behavioral stuff. It's really doing a lot of challenging your own belief system and really being willing to look at things from a different perspective. One of the things I touch on the workbook as well is having what is known as a growth mindset, versus a fixed mindset. People with a fixed mindset tend to operate on the belief that things in life are just the way they are and there's nothing that they can do about them. That can translate to anything. It can be they don't believe they can change the way they think about things, they don't believe there's a different way to manage their emotions, they don't believe that there is any way to function other than what they already know. That's a fixed mindset and ultimately that is very limiting and it keeps people stuck.

With my clients, I talked a lot about trying to adopt a growth mindset, which for lack of a better phrase is just being more open-minded. Even if you're skeptical, at least being open to the possibility that maybe there's a different way for you to look at things, maybe if you're willing to challenge some of your own unproductive thinking patterns and belief systems and start to see things from a slightly different point of view, that is actually a way to feel better about yourself and really reduce stress.

[0:19:07.4] MB: Dr. Carol Dweck, who's the pioneer behind a lot of this mindset research is a previous guest on the show. We'll make sure to include that episode and some other resources we have around fixing growth mindset in the show notes for listeners who want to check that out.

I want to come back to these other tendencies of perfectionism. Tell me about the second of the five tendencies.

[0:19:28.6] TN: The second one often surprises people. It's a person who is a procrastinating perfectionist. I don't like to make sweeping generalizations, but a stereotype that does still exist in our culture of a perfectionist is someone who might also be known as what they call a type of a personality as someone who is working nonstop. Oftentimes in the American workplace, these people are called go-getters and that sort of thing. There are certainly a lot of perfectionists who operate that way.

There's also a huge chunk of people who struggle with perfectionistic tendencies that spend a lot of their time feeling paralyzed and actually their expectations have gotten so unrealistic and so out of control for them that they just live petrified and fear and they procrastinate. They will put off doing something, because they are afraid that they will not get it exactly right. They will put off things like applying for a job, because they're worried that they don't have the perfect application.

They will put off a social interaction, because they're worried that they will not come across perfectly. What if they don't have the right things to say in a conversation? What if someone notices that they seem a little bit nervous, or tired, or off their game? People who really become gradually more and more isolated because their expectations are keeping them stuck in fear. That can also tie into this this fear of making mistakes and like I alluded to, fears of just not coming across as the type of perfect individual they think they should be.

[0:21:19.0] MB: I think it's interesting, because when you talk about perfectionism many people may think, “Hey, I'm not a perfectionist,” but the reality is all these different tendencies can manifest in a number of different ways, whether you're a people pleaser, whether you're a procrastinator. There's a lot of subtle ways that perfectionism can seep into your life. I think it's really insightful to look at these different angles and ways that it may be impacting you.

[0:21:43.4] TN: Oh, I completely agree. I'll say a couple of things to that. First of all, I'm pretty honest with people. I don't consider myself a perfectionist, but I can fully acknowledge I have perfectionistic tendencies. By that, I mean, I have this underlying sense that is with me most of the time throughout the day and night, that no matter what I've done, I probably could have done it better. Or no matter what I've accomplished in the course of the day, a week, a year, there's this sense that I still could have done more. That's both on a professional level and a personal level.

As a parent, I feel there's always more I could be and should be doing as a dad for my kids to take care of my family. On a professional level, I have this ongoing sense that I could always be reading more, I could always be researching more, I could be finding ways to help more people. It's not something that keeps me awake at night. It's not something that causes an undue amount of stress in my life, but it's certainly there. When I talk about things in those terms, I do find that most people can relate to that to some degree.

The other thing I'll say is that more often than not, when I'm treating someone for perfectionism, they have walked into my office and said, “Hey, I'm a perfectionist. Can you help me with that?” It's more that they have noticed, again this feeling of discontent, that no matter what they've achieved, no matter what's happened for them in their lives, they're not satisfied, they don't feel good about what they've done, they don't feel good about themselves as individuals, so they keep pushing themselves harder and harder that causes a lot of stress and anxiety.

Or on the flipside like we were just touching on, I get people who come in because maybe they've been out of college, or grad school for a year, or two years, three years and they haven't found a job yet, because again, they're frozen in fear. They're so worried that they're not going to get everything perfect, get the perfect position, whatever it may be, that they've been sitting around being inactive for years. That also does not feel good to them.

There is dysfunctional perfectionism, which is when these expectations and these tendencies are impacting you 24/7. There's certainly a fair amount of people out there struggling with that, but I completely agree with you that a lot of people have these tendencies, with a few of them to some degree, it just may not be impacting them to the point where they think they need professional help, or they need to do something like take up a self-help book.

[0:24:22.2] MB: I think it bears repeating that you may not describe yourself as somebody who is a perfectionist and yet, you might be suffering from – you might be a people pleaser, or you might be a chronic procrastinator, or you might be highly critical of yourself and you might have negative self-talk, all of these are different manifestations of what you're essentially calling perfectionism.

[0:24:45.0] TN: Yes. I completely agree. I'm glad you mentioned the self-criticism and the negative self-talk. These are things I see across the board for people that I'm treating for anything. It doesn't have to be for perfectionism, but that is a huge factor with something like depression. People experience low mood, because they're being very, very hard on themselves. Again, it's this idea that no matter what they've done, it's not good enough, they could always be better. If you constantly feel like you're not good enough, of course you're going to feel down, of course you're going to feel depressed.

On the other side, maybe that's causing a high amount of anxiety because you feel no matter what, you should be pushing yourself harder and harder and harder. Those are the types of things that lead to burnout.

[0:25:31.8] MB: How can we re-conceptualize or deal more effectively with negative self-talk and being very self-critical?

[0:25:39.8] TN: This is an area where I know I've mentioned cognitive behavioral therapy a couple times, this is an area where I really find that mode of therapy, that mode of treatment to be really highly effective. Cognitive behavioral therapy in a nutshell is really getting a solid understanding of how your thoughts, your feelings and your behaviors all impact one another. Whether or not we're fully aware of it, those things are almost always influencing one another.

I truly believe that the way we think about things has a direct impact on our emotions, on our feelings and those can be emotional feelings, it can be physical sensations that go along with stress, it can be muscle tension, that sort of thing. It can be even how we feel about ourselves as people, and the way we're thinking about things, the way we're feeling certainly influences our behavior and influences how we act or when it comes to procrastination, it can translate to a lack of action.

Within cognitive behavioral therapy, a lot of it again is looking at your thought process. What are your expectations of yourself, of others? What are your beliefs about yourself as an individual? Are those just ideas you've been telling yourself, or you've heard maybe from other people in your life, or are you able to use some objective evidence from your own life to challenge these beliefs you form? I really think examining your own thought process is a huge, huge key to overcoming some of this stuff.

Also within cognitive behavioral therapy is a mode of treatment that is much more action-oriented and that's called exposure and response prevention. This is something I use very frequently with people with OCD, anxiety disorders, any specific phobias, or panic attacks. It works very well for people who live in fear of making mistakes. Exposure and response prevention is basically just what it sounds like. It's actually purposely exposing yourself to something that tends to produce some amount of anxiety, or distress, or discomfort for you and then preventing your usual response.

One example would be okay, say someone has an important proposal they're working on for work. The perfectionistic tendency would be that they have to get every single detail exactly right. That might be things like working on it many, many, many, many more hours than anybody else in their position would do. It can lead to things like almost compulsively rereading, rechecking what they've created, what they've written, going over it again and again and again and again, just to make sure they haven't missed a single detail, again out of fear of making a mistake.

The exposure piece would be taking something like that and having the person actually try and work on resisting, or preventing their usual response. It would be okay, write up this proposal and do your best to turn it in without checking them more than twice. I've come up with little ways to try different exposures with people. I will have them send me a quick e-mail without checking it. I will have them tell me something that is inaccurate, or is wrong. I will have them write me an e-mail with spelling errors, or again, where they've just got an effect completely wrong, so they're actually actively practicing making mistakes.

The way the process works is that the more people are actually – they'd seen this thing that causes a lot of distress to them and learning that they can tolerate it, any stress or discomfort around it starts to fade. That actually allows people to see, “Okay, once I get past the anxiety of getting something wrong, I'm actually better able to see what I have learned from it. Maybe I've learned that hey I can tolerate some discomfort, or maybe I've learned that it's okay to not be the world's best speller. It's okay to misspell things now and then. Nobody is judging me negatively and life goes on.”

[0:29:58.0] MB: I love exposure and response. I think that's such a powerful framework. Before we go deeper into that, I want to come back to cognitive behavioral therapy. I want to really concretely look at this for a second. Tell me about how does – someone listening to this episode, how would they implement that into their life? How would they implement CBT at a really specific and granular level?

[0:30:21.6] TN: I think the first step, which is really the basis of any CBT work is learning about it and understanding what are known as cognitive distortions. Cognitive distortions are any unhealthy irrational, or simply inaccurate thinking patterns that people might be engaging in. These are actually things that are pretty easy to find. Even with a quick internet search of cognitive distortions, people can start to learn about all the different categories of distorted thinking patterns that tend to be a product of and further exacerbate things like anxiety, depression and stress.

Some examples, one that I really think is probably the most applicable to people who struggle with perfectionism and people with tendencies is what are known as ‘should statements’. There's a whole category of distorted thinking patterns that simply revolve around the word ‘should’. As people telling themselves things like, “Well, I should be at the top of my class. I should be the top salesman in my company. I should never get anything wrong. I should be happy all the time.”

All these things are telling themselves over and over again that they should, or again, feel they have to be doing. That can be a pretty destructive distorted thinking pattern. Other thinking patterns that people get stuck in that's into being productive is all or nothing, or what is known as black-and-white distorted thinking. It's really, that's a very limiting one, because in any given situation you're really only giving yourself two options. An example would be, I have to be perfect or else, I'm a complete failure.

When you really have people look at beliefs like that and break them down, that's when change starts to occur. People can step back, look at things like that a little bit more objectively and say out loud, that's unrealistic and are those really my only two options in life? If I'm not perfect, does that necessarily automatically translate to me being a complete failure? No. Most people would say it's not.

To get back to your question, I really think learning and familiarizing yourself with all the different types of cognitive distortions that are out there is the first step when it comes to cognitive behavioral therapy. Then breaking down how you tend to feel, how you tend to react when you're thinking those things.

Again, for the person that's highly self-critical and is always beating themselves up over and over again, they can recognize that the more they do that, the worse they feel. Again, it can be feeling down, it can be feeling dissatisfied, it can be flat-out anxiety and panic. It's understanding the connection between thoughts and feelings and then like I touched on how those things might be influencing the way you're behaving in any given circumstance, whether it's a social interaction, or whether it's a task you're working on for work, whatever it may be.

Really, it's getting a clear, clear picture for yourself of how those things are all influencing one another. Then with CBT, really coming back to the thought process again, again and again and really challenging it. One question I frequently ask people and this is not something I came up with, this is an old-school standard CBT question is okay, this thought you're telling yourself over and over again about yourself, or about other people, whatever it may be, if you had to stand up in front of a judge and jury in a court of law and prove beyond the shadow of a doubt that this thought you were thinking is 100% true, what a holdup.

If it's a distorted thought, almost every time the answer is no. People can identify, I have no evidence to back this thought up. I have no evidence to show me that I'm a failure. I have no evidence, no hard evidence from my own life to show me that people don't like me. Time and time again, it really comes back to challenging the unproductive thinking. I'm trying to gain a new perspective and people do see that has a direct impact on another feeling in general, how they're feeling about themselves and has a direct impact on how they're acting.

[0:34:41.9] MB: It seems like expectations are at the root of many of these tendencies and limiting beliefs.

[0:34:48.2] TN: Yeah. Again, I think this is where I have the advantage of being a therapist, being a counselor where I have the time to really help people explore those expectations, again where they came from, were these direct messages they were receiving from other people in their lives, or these things that have been influenced by our society in general, I can tell you for a lot of people I work with, male and female who are struggling with any eating disorder or body image issues. A lot of people get into these societal expectations of how they “should look,” how their bodies “should be.” When it crosses a line and to again, these perfectionistic expectations of how they think they should look, that's where it can get really destructive and unhealthy.

[0:35:42.3] MB: Hey everyone, I wanted to take a quick second and tell you about this episode's incredible sponsor, Brilliant. Brilliant is a math and science enrichment learning platform. Brilliant is unique in that it teaches you these concepts do solving fascinating and challenging problems. We'll be featuring a new sample problem to our e-mail subscribers every week as part of Brilliant’s support for the show, so be sure to check those out.

Listeners have loved solving these sample problems in the past and Brilliant’s problems feature all kinds of cool scenarios from poker games, to World War II airplanes. In fact, Brilliant explores many topics including computer science, probability, machine learning, physics and much more. It's a great way to learn and an addictive interactive experience that's enjoyed by millions of students, professionals and enthusiasts around the world.

You can get started today by going to brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess for free. When you visit our link for a limited, time you'll also get 20% off of an annual subscription when you sign up just for being a Science of Success listener.

Brilliant also has these amazing principles of learning, which showcase their passion and dedication to teach people these vitally important STEM skills. One of them is cultivating curiosity. From world champions to creative geniuses like Leonardo da Vinci, curiosity is such an important skill.

Another great learning principle from Brilliant is that math and science learning should be community-driven. Their incredibly engaged community is a great resource for chatting, learning and connecting when you're stuck, or can't solve one of their thought-provoking puzzles.

Check out some of the amazing stuff going on at Brilliant. Right now, you can go to brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess to get started absolutely for free and save 20% off your annual subscription just for being a Science of Success subscriber. Once again, that's brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess for some incredible math and science learning. Be sure to check it out. Brilliant has been an incredible sponsor of the show for a long time, so check out what they're working on. It's really cool stuff.

[0:37:54.0] MB: I want to come back to exposure and response, because I think that's such a great framework, even things as simple as social interactions. We've had previous guest on the show Jia Jiang, who talked about the idea of rejection therapy, which is a great way to get comfortable with uncomfortable social interactions. Tell me a little bit more about the science behind why exposure and response is such a useful tool for dealing with any discomfort, or negative experiences that we have.

[0:38:24.7] TN: Yeah. What tends to happen for people if there is something that causes them anxiety, if there's something that causes them discomfort, more often than not, the response is to try and avoid it somehow. Or if they're feeling really uncomfortable, try and instantly distract themselves by any means they can think of. Avoidance and distraction are the most common ways people tend to react to something that causes discomfort.

What happens over time is the more people are avoiding something, it's actually increasing their anxiety around it. An easy example would be something, like someone who has a fear of dogs. It can be for whatever reason, maybe they had a bad experience when they were younger, or dog tried to bite them, maybe not. Or for whatever reason, they formed this fear of dogs. Because dogs make them uncomfortable and they tend to get stressed and anxious around them, their solution is to avoid it.

Again, what's happening over time is the more they're making all these efforts to stay away from dogs at all costs, it's helping that fear just grow larger and larger in their brain, and t no point are they giving themselves the opportunity to learn that if they actually faced a dog and hung out with a dog, that anxiety around the dog itself would probably start to fade some.

The science behind exposure and response prevention is helping people identify really specific triggers that do tend to produce that discomfort, or distress for them. Then gradually, systematically having them start to face those triggers in any way that they can think of, in any way that their counselor can think of.

What tends to happen, more often than not, it's not a 100%, nothing is, but more often than not, when people gradually and systematically expose themselves these feared stimuli over and over and over again, the brain starts to engage in new learning. The brain starts to adjust, new neural pathways are formed and that directly translates to feeling us anxious. In a nutshell, people start to learn, “Hey, I can handle this. I've spent most of my life avoiding this and reinforcing this idea I was telling myself that I can't deal with this, I can't tolerate this, I can't handle this,” but once they actually face it and endure that initial discomfort around it, like I said the brain starts to figure out, “Oh, actually this does not need to be perceived as a threat and I can tolerate this.” Even if there is ongoing discomfort around it, that discomfort tends to be far less and it tends to come and go much more quickly.

[0:41:05.7] MB: It's really interesting that the more you avoid something, the greater your fear and anxiety around that becomes. I'm curious, and this was the next thing I wanted to dig into, how does that relate to the connection between perfectionism and OCD?

[0:41:22.1] TN: Okay, great question. The first thing I’ll say is a lot of times people are curious, or don't seem to really get it when I say I treat perfectionism. Actually, the way I became exposed to perfectionism as an issue and as a clinical issue, I was primarily through my work with people with obsessive compulsive disorder.

Just to make a quick distinction, OCD is very much, it is a brain disorder. Most of the research points to the fact that people are most likely born with OCD and they experience events later on in life that tend to have a pop out, or come to the service. Perfectionism itself is not OCD. Like I said earlier, it it's more of a personality trait. People can possess perfectionistic characteristics without having obsessive compulsive disorder.

The overlap is that for people with OCD and again, this is a blanket statement. There are a bunch of different subtypes of OCDs. This is not really doing it justice. For a lot of people with OCD, they are engaging in compulsive behaviors to get a sense that things feel just right. You could use any number of examples. Again, it's totally subjective based on the individual.

One example could be okay, I walk into my office and I close the door behind me. Then I get the obsession. The obsession is an intrusive thought, or doubt that did I close the door behind me? Because that doubt is so strong for the person with OCD, then they then feel the need to engage in a compulsion. The compulsion would be like, “Okay, then I need to check the door handle again and to make sure it's closed.” They would do that.

Again, the nature of the disorder is that no matter how many times a person engages in a compulsion, there’s still the lingering doubt. People will often describe that they will go back to a compulsive act over and over and over again, until something changes a little bit in their brain and again, they just get this feeling where they get this sense that then it feels right, then it feels it's okay and they can move on.

The crossover with that and perfectionism is that again, someone may not have OCD, but they may be engaging in a perfectionist behavior, like I alluded to, okay. I'm going to read and reread this e-mail over and over and over and over again, until I can make sure it's just right. I can make sure it feels okay and it seems like it's mistake-free and I feel like it's perfect, or as close to perfect as it's going to get.

That's one example of how there can be a crossover. Again, there are many different types of OCD, but one of the subtypes is people who struggle with things like organization and symmetry and they can again, translate to anything. It can be feeling everything on their desk has to be lined up just right, clothes have to be put away in their drawers a very specific certain way. That gets jumbled up along a lot of times with feeling like things have to be perfect, for lack of a better word.

[0:44:33.1] MB: I want to come back to now and talk about the solution to some of these challenges, which you talk about and describe self-acceptance and self-compassion. I love the way you phrased it in the last chapter of your book, which is being enough and achieving your goals without fear. Tell me more about that.

[0:44:51.4] TN: Yeah. One of the reasons I wanted to talk about working towards goals and trying to achieve goals is because I think it's very important to have goals. That's what keeps us moving forward in life. Again, whether it's a personal goal, a professional goal we set for ourselves. It's something that drives us. It's something that keeps us moving forward and it can translate to people achieving a high amount of success in their lives and achieving contentment in their personal lives, achieving a sense of self-satisfaction.

The problem with perfectionism is that more often than not, when people are striving towards these goals, first of all, the goals they've set for themselves are unrealistic, many times unattainable, impossible. The work they're doing towards those goals is motivated by fear, it's motivated by stress. Again, it's this sense that is something they absolutely must have to be doing, or else they're worthless as a person.

Then a lot of times when people don't achieve those unrealistic goals they set for themselves, that just sets off a whole other cycle of self-criticism and negative self-talk, which is perpetuates anxiety and depression.

One of the areas of CBT that I touch on towards the end of the workbook is acceptance and commitment therapy, which is again, not doing a full justice, but in a nutshell, understanding what you value in your life, what is most important and meaningful to you. Then taking a look at whether or not the goals you've set for yourself actually fall in-line with those values, and if there’s things that are going to actually help you have more of a sense of fulfillment in your life.

When people are setting goals for themselves that are more based on what they value in their life, what is meaningful and important to them and they're making those goals specific and measurable and again, meaningful, that actually tends to provide a lot of natural motivation for them. It starts to translate to this sense of they're doing something that they a want to do, versus this perceive me that it's something they have to do to again, please others, or something they absolutely must do if they're ever going to feel slightly decent about themselves as a human being.

Along with the acceptance piece of things is a mindfulness component. This is an area that I really found to be highly beneficial when I'm working with people who've come in seeking help for really any issue. I think you guys know, really at its core, mindfulness is more about just observing things, observing how you're feeling, observing what it is you're thinking about, observing how you and others are acting in your daily life and trying to just make observations without touching any judgement to them.

The problem with dysfunctional perfectionism, again a lot of it comes back to these expectations people place on themselves, is that if they're not achieving what they think they should be, then that leads to a lot of negative self-judgment. The more they're judging themselves negatively, again that's just going to perpetuate things like stress, insecurity, anxiety and depression.

[0:48:22.4] MB: What would one piece of homework be that you would give listeners to concretely implement some of the ideas and themes that you've talked about today?

[0:48:30.4] TN: I think the first thing for anybody that thinks that this might be causing some amount of unrest in their life is to sit down and do what I call a self-inventory of your own expectations. I know we've talked about that a lot, but it's the keystone towards working on all this other stuff we've been addressing.

The first piece of homework I give people when I meet with them in my office is the same thing I would recommend to anybody out there, is take some time to sit down and just be completely and totally honest with yourself, what are your expectations for yourself? Really try and be as thorough, as comprehensive as possible. What are your expectations for yourself when it comes to finances? What are your expectations for yourself when it comes to personal relationships? That can be friendships, it can be intimate relationships, it can be family relationships.

What are your expectations of yourself of how you “should be” when you're interacting with people socially? What are your expectations of yourself when it comes to your lifestyle? That can include your health habits, exercise, diet, whatever it may be. What are your expectations for yourself as far as how you want to feel? Again, what are your expectations as far as what you want to achieve for yourself?

More often than not, when people sit down and they're really honest and they take time and they do this homework assignment really well, they can sit back, read over and recognize, “That's unrealistic, that's unrealistic, that's causing me a lot of distress.” When people are able to step back from their own thoughts and expectations and get a little bit more of an objective perspective, that's the groundwork you need to start to really challenge and change any unproductive thinking and work on just accepting yourself as you are, and working towards more realistic and again, more meaningful, more fulfilling expectations.

[0:50:34.1] MB: Where can listeners find you and your work online?

[0:50:37.8] TN: I've tried to make my website from my practice a pretty good resource for people, and that's just chicagocounselingcenter.com. I've got a few blog posts on there that address perfectionism, address different subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder, some of the treatment methods we've talked about, like exposure and response prevention, CBT, mindfulness. I also have links to other great sites that are out there for resources. I have a link to my book on there.

When I created The Perfectionism Workbook, I really tried to make it as comprehensive as possible. I try to think about all the different facets of perfectionism I've seen and really countless clients I’ve had over the years, and I've tried to throw in pretty much every different treatment technique I've tried with people that's had any positive result. It's a very skills-based book, it is a workbook, it requires a lot of work on the individual. So far, the feedback I'm getting on it is that it's practical, it's helpful and it seems to be a pretty decent resource for people struggling with some of these tendencies.

[0:51:48.2] MB: Well Taylor, thank you so much for coming on the show, for sharing all this knowledge and wisdom with our listeners. It's been a pleasure to have you here.

[0:51:54.8] TN: Thank you very much, Matt. I appreciate you taking the time. It was a pleasure speaking with you as well.

[0:52:01.7] MB: If you're a fan of the podcast’s focus on evidence-based growth and you're an entrepreneur, or business executive, my question to you is this; with the hours you invest in personal growth each month, how many of the tactics and strategies that you learn are you actually implementing to push your career and business forward? If there's a gap between what you're learning and what you're actually doing and it's costing you opportunity, or real concrete financial and career growth, you should check out my Science of Action Project.

Inspired by this podcast, Science of Action is a cutting-edge executive aid service that turns you into an execution powerhouse. It helps entrepreneurs like you become the highest leverage version of yourself possible, by making it easy to take action each week on that mental to-do list that I know you have.

The one with the ideas on it which will be game changers for your work, but they're all too easy to forget about when you're busy and caught up in your day-to-day work. Find out how this revolutionary service works and outsource your battle for focus, execution and productivity by visiting scienceofaction.net. That's scienceofaction.net, to find out how you can become the highest leverage version of yourself and begin executing every day on the game changers that you know will have a huge impact on your life and business.

Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 
Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


November 01, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity, Emotional Intelligence
James Clear-01.png

These Habits Will Help You Crush Procrastination & Overwhelm with James Clear

October 11, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Listen to the Episode

Why You Need to Hear This

Watch the Episode

Become Anyone You Want With The Science of Successful Habits

Show Notes, Links, and Additional Research

Building Better Habits

Reviews of Atomic Habits

Get Help

Episode Transcript

If you keep trying to change your life but always end up in the same place; if you struggle to develop good habits and break bad ones; if you exercise for a week then find yourself making excuses not to be active; if you want practical, easy-to-digest advice on how to build the life you want, then this interview with author and entrepreneur James Clear is for you.

If you’re like me, you have set goals before. Some of them you’ve reached. Others you haven’t. When you reach your goals, you feel like a success. Like you’ve worked hard and really cared about what you were doing.

But when you fail to reach your goals, you struggle. You think that you weren’t good enough, that you weren’t trying hard enough, that you didn’t care enough.

Clear tells us that’s wrong. That it’s neither your goal nor your willpower that allows you to succeed.

Instead, if you can’t change your habits, the problem isn’t you. It’s your system.

Most of us try to change our habits by sheer force of will. What we need to do instead is set up systems to help make success easy, attractive, satisfying, and obvious.

This interview with Clear allowed me to review the times I’ve failed to reach my goals. Before now, I couldn’t figure out any pattern. There were some goals I didn’t care about that I easily reached. Other goals were deeply meaningful to me but success escaped me again and again.

With the useful ideas Clear presents, I was able to break through the mental block. The practical advice gives me a way to create a step-by-step plan to develop any good habits and break any bad ones.

In this episode, we discuss the foundations of evidence based thinking, the important balance between Habits and Decisions and how each of them shapes who you ultimately become and dig into the idea that your decisions set the trajectory of your life, but your habits determine how far you walk on that journey, from there we explore how to build high impact habits, what you need to do to determine the best habits to focus on first, how you can harness the the power of the “aggregation of marginal gains,” and much more with our guest James Clear. 

James Clear is an american author, entrepreneur, and photographer. His personal blog, jamesclear.com has over 400,000 email subscribers and his first book Atomic Habits is set to release in October this year. His work focuses primarily on habits and human potential looking to answer the question “How can we live better?” by focusing on science-backed methods. James’s work has been featured in The New York Times, CBS, Forbes, and more.

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
YouTube.png
spotifybutton.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

Become Anyone You Want With The Science of Successful Habits

Science or personal experience? Which is the best informant of our decisions, especially when it comes to maximizing our potential and living better—whatever that means to us as individuals?

Author, entrepreneur, and photographer James Clear offers an off-the-beaten-path answer to that question that involves holding on to two distinct ideas simultaneously.

“The first,” he says, “is that science and scientific research is the best tool that we have for figuring out what works across a broad range of cases. So in other words, what is true or what is accurate in many different circumstances for a given a topic, rather than just based on like an individual’s opinion or one particular case, or one particular circumstance.”

Then, he says, if you’re going to be a practitioner of ideas, “you have to be willing to accept the fact that you are not the average.”

He says we need to adopt philosophies of self-experimentation.

Why? As he points out, “it's quite possible that a research study will come up with a finding that says the average is X and you, in fact, are Y or Z or something totally different.”

He gives an example:

“The average American family has something like 2.3 kids or something like that, but, of course, there is no single family that actually has to 2.3 kids. It’s impossible to have .3 of a child. So my point here is that you both need to trust the science and trust the evidence that is the best method we have to kind of guide your actions, yet still be willing to go through the trials and the trial and error yourself to try to figure out what works in your individual circumstance.

Clear, whose personal blog jamesclear.com has over 400,000 email subscribers, is also the author of Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones, an instant New York Times bestseller that was released in October 2018.

In his role as author, especially, he says he’s very wary of being a new-age version of someone in the Ivory Tower, just writing about ideas, and his commitment to staying grounded has inspired him to pursue many endeavors including…

- Traveling and photographing his journey around the globe. 

- Diving into weigh-lifting and competing.

- Publicly sharing all of his work. 

“I feel like all those little ways are kind of methods for me to have my own skin in the game and figure out what actually works for me and not just share some thoughts,” he says, noting that he wants his ideas to be “tested by readers and the audience at large.”

He acknowledges that “the vast majority of our opinions are simply those that have been reinforced through whatever this version of life is that we’ve lived,” saying that of course we have personal evidence for our beliefs—it’s the experiences we’ve had in our lives.

“If things have happened two or three times, that seems like a fairly relevant bit of evidence for why you should believe a particular thing. Of course, two or three instances in the grand scheme of the world was basically nothing.”

He says science “gives us a way to kind of look at a thousand or 10,000 instances of a particular topic or issue and maybe hone in on something that’s a little more robust and accurate,” and that while “you don't want to overweight any single instance”— “at the same time, like I just mentioned, you need to be willing to realize that ultimately you're trying to figure out what works for you.”

Notice and, not or.

“Basically, any one of us could be a billion different things. You could live an infinite number of different lives, but only one of those is actually lived out,” he says.

That seems obvious, but here’s where his take on science and self-experimentation comes in:

“Science gives you a way of whittling that number down and being able to focus on taking guesses that are more sound, more likely to succeed, and hopefully more useful for you.”

Clear says that our initial decisions can set us out on completely different paths.

From there, our habits determine how far we’ll go.

Clear’s bottom line: Decision making and habit creation are two of the pillars of living a great life.

“If you can make good decisions and master the habits related to those, then it’s very hard to not have better outcomes.”

Leveraging Atomic Energy

Clear’s interest in science shines through even in the metaphors he leverages.

He says that in thinking and writing about making good decisions and building better habits, he chose the word atomic because change and improvement need to be small.

“Obviously an atom is like the smallest fundamental unit of a compound, the smallest fundamental unit of a thing.”

Likewise, he says small habits are easy to start and easy to stick with.

He says 1 percent change—atomic change—is most valuable when it’s part of a system of change because it’s like compounding interest.

“Productivity—for example, being slightly more productive and getting 1 percent more done each day or getting an additional task done each afternoon—it doesn't really count for much on any given day, but over the course of a 30-year career, that can be a really big difference.”

Unfortunately, negative thoughts also compound.

“Once you get in the habit of seeing people as a mean, or vindictive, or vengeful, you can see that behavior anywhere,” Clear notes. “You start the spot evidence of it all over the place. That’s where you’re primed to look for.”

So how can we change these habits and avoid getting stuck in a rut, behaviorally or in our heads?

“Habits are a double-edged sword.”

Clear says that’s what makes it “incredibly important to understand how they work, so that you can avoid the dangerous half of the blade.”

“If you know how they work, then you can get them compounding for you rather than against you.”

He gives the example of Team Sky—a British cycling team that was floundering in the early aughts, but went on to take 60 percent of the gold medals available in the 2012 Olympics after implementing a slew of wildly creative changes that were supported by science (from adopting surgeon-approved hand-washing techniques to prevent colds to traveling with the pillows that data said gave them the best night’s sleep).

Clear says, “Small improvements are not just like a cherry on top of your performance, but actually can be the thing that separates you from being mediocre to being truly great.”

“It’s very easy for us to dismiss a small bad choice [like] eating a cheeseburger rather than a salad or something like that, or choosing to not study for 20 minutes rather than sitting down and studying tonight. But it's only a year or two, or five years later that the full impact of those small 1 percent choices and little changes ends up revealing itself.”

He says that true behavior change is identity change and that this change can happen with 1 percent choices that make decisive moments as easy as possible.

“Your actions become evidence for the type of person that you believe that you are.”

So how can you leverage atomic success to become a believer in yourself? Clear has a lot of suggestions and insights that are ripe for practical application.

He points out that it’s hard to get excited about repetitive processes.

He acknowledges that we’re the victims of the 24-hour news cycle we’ve created, saying, “The only things that get covered on the news are events—and events that are newsworthy. So it's only the earthquake or the splitting of the stone that is worthy of talking about.”

“Nobody is going to make a news story about somebody hitting a stone for the 37th time and [it] not happening.”

He says it’s because we’re so focused on events (and disaster) that we get wrapped up in thinking everything is about results and success.

We become blind to the process. “Really,” he says, “it’s always the process that leads to the outcomes.”

Some of his tips for supporting yourself in the process:

Respect the feedback loop. “The hallmark of pretty much any habit,” he says, “is that they don't happen just in a sequence. They happen in a loop. They end up strengthening or weakening themselves depending on the feedback that you’re getting.”

He points out that, “Once you see yourself as religious, it becomes a reason to go back to church every Sunday. Or once you see yourself as studious, it becomes a reason to study again and try to get a good grade in the next test because you got one on the last one and so on.”He challenges people to ask the question, “Does this habit cast a vote for the type of person that I want to become?” and invest their energy accordingly.

Titrate down. Become aware of the power of little habits, and get smaller and smaller until you start experiencing success.

Clear says you should “downscale your habits until they can fit within two minutes.” Why?

“If someone [is] talking about building a habit of going for a run each day, well they might say, ‘Well, I should start small. So let me only run for 10 minutes.’ Actually, even that is still way too big.”

“What we’re talking about here,” he says, “is the habit should be getting your shoes on. So tying your shoes is the only thing you're focused on. Once you get your running shoes on, then you just get out the door and let it go from there. Whether you run or not, whether you actually even take a step, is not the goal.”

Clear knows this works from his own experience.

He shares that in the evening, his wife gets home from work and they might either change into their workout clothes and go to the gym or sit on the couch and watch Office reruns.

“It’s really that brief moment where either we change into our workout clothes or not. That little habit, that decisive moment determines what is going to happen in the next two hours.”

Find your tribe. In addition to recognizing the importance of atomic change and leveraging 2-minute habits, Clear also highlights that from an evolutionary standpoint, it is really important for humans to belong.

“We’re deeply wired to signal to provide indications to the rest of the people around us that, ‘Hey, I'm part of this group too.’”

Of course this can have all sorts of negative implications, but rather than falling in line with whatever’s around you (sometimes the source of the habits you’re trying to change), Clear says, “The powerful punch line is that you need to find a group where your desired behavior is the normal behavior.”

More specifically, Clear says you should seek out a group where your desired behavior is the norm and who you could already be friends with, maybe for some other reason. He gives the example of Nerd Fitness—a site that helps former comic book kids hook up with workout buddies, encouraging people to get creative about networking.

Beyond that, be open and honest about who you are and what you’re after. Keep your new habits small and get ready for big change.


Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • There’s no real playbook, everyone is operating on their best guess and trying to do their best with limited information

  • Science and scientific research are the best tools we have for determining what the “Best guess” would be for improvement

  • Science is still a guess, but its the best method we have to guide our actions and is much better than anecdote or opinion

  • You are not the average - you have to adopt this philosophy of self experimentation to determine what works for you

  • It’s very hard to step outside of your own experience - but that experiment may not always be the best predictor or provider of information

  • You could live a billion lives - its up to you to decide and determine which single version of YOU actually gets lived

  • Your decisions set your trajectory and your habits determine how far you walk

  • Decision making creates leverage, habits capture it

  • It’s always the process that leads to the outcomes. Focus on the process. And build a system so that process happens every day

  • True behavior change is identity change. Once you change your identity it doesn’t feel like work anymore.

  • It’s NEVER the first mistake that ruins you - its the spiral of mistakes that follows it. Get back on track.

  • A “craving” is a desire to change your state” to some small degree

  • Motivation is something that rises and falls arbitrarily - don’t rely on motivation to force yourself to adopt new habits

  • It can be dangerous to “start too big” with new habits

  • The true impact of habits is far greater than we realize - little habits are like an entrance ramp to a highway - the determine what we end up doing for minutes or even hours afterwards

  • Focus on mastering a few decisive moments that end up shaping how you spend your time - and make those moments as easy as possible.

  • Find people who’ve achieved what you want to achieve - but also have SOME commonality with you now

  • Homework: downscale your habits until they can fit within 2 minutes (make sure your habits are small enough)

    • Read one page in a book

    • Make the decisive moment as easy as possible

  • Homework: reduce friction so that doing that behavior is as easy as possible. Start with environment design

    • Increase friction for bad behaviors

    • Reduce friction for good behaviors

1% Better Everyday - James Clear (24min)

What are your most important goals in life? What habits fuel those goals? What if you were able to get 1% better at each of those cornerstone habits everyday? How would that change your life? That's the topic of James Clear's talk at ConvertKit's Craft + Commerce 2017.

The Surprising Power of Small Habits (53min)

Books:

Atomic Habits - October 2018

The Habits Guide

Mastering Creativity

"A supremely practical and useful book. James Clear distills the most fundamental information about habit formation, so you can accomplish more by focusing on less."
-Mark Manson, #1 New York Times best-selling author of The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck

“James Clear has spent years honing the art and studying the science of habits. This engaging, hands-on book is the guide you need to break bad routines and make good ones.”
-Adam Grant, New York Times best-selling author of Originals, Give and Take, and Option B with Sheryl Sandberg

"A special book that will change how you approach your day and live your life."
-Ryan Holiday, bestselling author of The Obstacle is the Way and Ego is the Enemy

“As a physician attempting to help my patients build healthy habits to decrease and reverse chronic disease, Atomic Habits is the playbook I have been searching for. Not only does the book offer actionable items I can teach my patients, I can refer them to read and implement the ideas themselves. The format is powerful and simple. This should be taught in all medical schools.”
-Laurie Marbas, MD, United States Air Force veteran

“Atomic Habits was a great read. I learned a lot and think it’ll be helpful to a lot of people.”
—Gayle King, co-anchor of CBS This Morning and editor-at-large for O, The Oprah Magazine

“Useful new book”
–Wall Street Journal

“In Atomic Habits, Clear will show you how to overcome a lack of motivation, change your environment to encourage success, and make time for new (and better) habits.
–Glamour.com

“Atomic Habits is a great book for anyone who is frustrated with the way they can’t seem to kick that one (or two dozen) bad habit(s) and wants to finally achieve health, fitness, financial freedom, great relationships, and a good life.”
–Medium.com

“Excellent. Well worth the read.”
–Benjamin Hardy, Inc.com

Episode Transcript

 [00:03:02] MB: Today, we have another great guest on the show, James Clear. James is an American author, entrepreneur and photographer. His personal blog, jamesclear.com, has over 400,000 email subscribers and his first book; Atomic Habits, is set to release in October of this year. His work focuses primarily on habits and human potential looking to answer the question; How can we live better by focusing on science-backed methods? His work has been featured in the New York Times, CBS, Forbes, and much more.

James, welcome to The Science of Success.

[00:03:33] JC: Thanks so much for having me. It’s great to be here.

[00:03:35] MB: We’re super excited to have you on the show today, and I’d love to start out with – It's something obviously we’re big fans of, but it's great to have kind of another member of the sort of evidence-based growth tribe on the show. How did you kind of begin down that journey of really looking at focusing on kind of the science behind what makes people perform and what makes people kind of live better lives?

[00:03:58] JC: Yeah, it’s a good question. I think it’s something you realize as you grow into adulthood is that there's no real playbook. Everybody is just kind of like operating on their best guess and trying to do the best they can at the time. So my question as I started to except that truth was, “Well, how can I have better guesses? How can I try to hone in on and optimize the strategies that I'm using?” and science, at least thus far, is the best tool or strategy that we have for making better guesses and for kind of honing in on what works.

I think there are kind of like two ideas that you have to hold simultaneously. The first is that science and scientific research is the best tool that we have for figuring out what works across a broad range of cases. So in other words, what is true or what is accurate in many different circumstances for a given a topic, rather than just based on like an individual’s opinion or one particular case, or one particular circumstance.

But then at the same time you have to hold this idea that you really need to, if you’re going to be someone who is not just a – Like a reader or a researcher of science, but also a practitioner of those ideas, then you have to be willing to accept the fact that you are not the average. You are just you, an individual and of one, and in order to implement any of those ideas, you have to adopt this philosophy of self-experimentation. So it's quite possible that a research study will come up with a finding that says the average is X and you in fact are Y or Z or something totally different.

One of my favorite examples of this is like the average American family has something like 2.3 kids or something like that. But, of course, there is no single family that actually has to 2.3 kids. It’s impossible to have .3 of a child. So my point here is that you both need to trust the science and trust the evidence that is the best method we have to kind of guide your actions, yet still be willing to go through the trials and the trial and error yourself to try to figure out what works in your individual circumstance.  

To me, it's kind of those two ideas that combine what it means to be an evidence-based practitioner, which is something that I strive to do in my work. I mean, it’s very easy to have an opinion and just write about ideas. It’s hard enough work to have a good opinion, to have something that’s research-backed. But I'm very weary of like being a new age version of someone in the Ivory Tower and just writing about ideas. That’s why I do travel photography around the world. That’s why I’m a weightlifter and compete, and it’s why that I publish my work and share it publicly so that I can kind of be tested by readers and the audience at large. I feel like all those little ways are kind of methods for me to have my own skin in the game and figure out what actually works for me and not just share some thoughts.

[00:06:43] MB: I think you bring up a really good point too, which is science is still a guess, but it's typically sort of the best guess and it's a much more effective guess than sort of anecdote, or opinion, or something that isn’t as kind of rigorously researched. I think people can kind of sometimes pooh-pooh that and say, “Oh! There's studies that say everything, or studies are always being reversed,” and that kind of stuff. But I think you really have to look at the other side of the equation and think about, “Okay. Well, what's the basis for your beliefs and your evidence?” 

[00:07:14] JC: Yeah, I would agree with that. I mean, I think is very hard to step outside of your own experience, and most of the time we don't realize that the vast majority of our opinions are simply those that have been reinforced through whatever this version of life is that we’ve lived. You have like personal evidence for your beliefs, which is the history of experiences that you’ve had in your life. So if things have happened two or three times, that seems like a fairly relevant bit of evidence for why you should believe a particular thing. Of course, two or three instances in the grand scheme of the world was basically nothing. So science gives us a way to kind of look at a thousand or 10,000 instances of a particular topic or issue and maybe hone in on something that’s a little more robust and accurate.

[00:07:57] MB: Yeah, that's something I feel I encounter again and again is kind of people who sort of overweight their personal experience and underweight the science or kind of the broader research.

[00:08:09] JC: It’s hard, because you kind of have to do both. You don't want overweight any single instance and yet at the same time, like I just mentioned, you need to be willing to realize that ultimately you're trying to figure out what works for you. So you have to trust your experience or that something might be slightly different than the average of a particular study or whatever. [inaudible 00:08:29]. That’s a hard balance to strike, but I do think that being informed by science and evidence is a much better way to go about the process of self-improvement than merely guessing.

Basically, anyone of us could be a billion different things. You could live an infinite number of different lives, but only one of those is actually lived out. You only follow one of those paths. So how do you decide which one it is? So it's not possible for any person, any individual to take all billion guesses throughout their life, and science gives you a way of like whittling that number down and being able to focus on taking gases that are more sounds, more likely to succeed, and hopefully more useful for you.

[00:09:09] MB: I think that kind of fundamentally underscores why decision-making is such a critical skillset. I mean, we talk about it all the time on our show and I know you've written and spoken about it as well. But it's such a valuable tool, because life at the end of the day is just sort of a series of decision after decision after decision.  

[00:09:29] JC: Yeah. I like to say that your decisions set your trajectory and your habits determine how far you walk along that trajectory, how far you move along that path. The benefit of making a good initial decision could be like solid, but the benefit of making an excellent initial decision could be orders of magnitude better.

Just classic example is like choosing an idea to start a business around. One idea might get you a 10X return, but another idea might get you a 10,000X return. You're going to be working hard each day on either business, but the initial choice sets you on a completely different path. So this is true for your habits and daily routines as well, but the differences is once you make that initialization decision, it’s your habits and the fundamentals that you stick to day after day determine how far you move along that path.

Someone could have a business idea that could generated a 10,000X return, but if they don't develop the habit of making sales calls every day, for example, then they don't actually realize that potential. So decision-making creates leverage habits, capture it. I think especially in our world, our modern world, and this has only been true the last 100, or 200, maybe 500 years, we have created systems of leverage that are greater than any that have existed thus far in human history. So coding and programming the internet creates almost infinite leverage and scale for you to reach the rest of the world. Capitalism and investing and compound interest, I mean, all of these things are forms of leverage, and so your initial decision dramatically increases or decreases the return that you could have, but your habits determine whether or not you capture that return.

[00:11:06] MB: I love how simply you’ve kind of married the sort of dual schools of decision-making and habit creation, because that's a great and really kind of thoughtful way of connecting those two things together meaningfully.

[00:11:19] JC: I think they’re two of the pillars of living a great life. If you can make good decisions and master the habits related to those, then it’s very hard to not have better outcomes. So in that way, it’s not that it’s easy, but I like that it simplifies what the task of self-improvement is. It’s also about making good decisions and then building better habits.

[00:11:37] MB: I think that’s a great framework, and I want to get into the decision-making piece of that. But I want to kind of save that for later on in the conversation and come back to or dig into more of this, this kind of idea of habit formation, because I know you've obviously written a tremendous amount about that and your new book is focused primarily in kind of the habits side of the equation. To start with, one of the things I know you've spoken about in the past is this idea of getting sort of 1% better every day. Can you share that philosophy or that sort of idea and where that comes from?

[00:12:06] JC: Sure. So the book is called Atomic Habits, and the reason I chose the word atomic is because there are two things that I think make a habit powerful. So the first is it needs to be small, and obviously an atom is like the smallest fundamental unit of a compound, the smallest fundamental unit of a thing. They need to be small, because small habits are easy to start, easy to stick with, and we can get into that more about why it's so important to start small. But it's not just any small habits that really makes a big difference. It’s not just any kind of 1% change. It’s only when 1% changes compound and build on each other that they become something more powerful.

An atom is like the smallest fundamental unit of a larger system. That's the piece of a molecule. In the same way, a small habit or 1% improvement needs to be a piece of a larger system within your life for achieving self-improvement or achieving results in sports, or music, or school or whatever it happens to be. So in that way I think atomic is a great phrase for it, because it's not only small, but it's also powerful, and that's really what we’re looking for here when we’re trying to build better habits and achieve improvement.

You asked about why 1% change, why is that crucial? I think it's because habits are like the compound interest of self-improvement, and you can see this in many different areas of life. Productivity for example, being slightly more productive and getting 1% more done each day or getting an additional task done each afternoon, it doesn't really count for much on any given day, but over the course of a 30-year, that can be a really big difference. Same way with pretty much any of these strategies for habits compounding, they not only can work for you, they also can work against you.

Negative thoughts compound, for example. Once you get in the habit of seeing people as a mean, or vindictive, or vengeful, you can see that behavior anywhere. You start the spot evidence of it all over the place. That’s where you’re primed to look for. Then once you see more evidence of it, you start to believe it more and it just becomes this downward spiral rather than an upward spiral.

So in that way I think because habits are so powerful and have this tendency to be the compound interest of self-improvement to escalate or crash based on which side of the equation you’re on, it becomes particularly important to learn how to master those. The phrase I like to use is habits are a double-edged sword, and so it makes it incredibly important to understand how they work so that you can avoid the dangers half the blade, because if you know how they work, then you can get them compounding for you rather than against you, and that I think is why 1% improvement is kind of a good way to encapsulate the power of habits have over our lives.

[00:14:44] MB: There’s couple different things I want to dig into around this idea. I definitely want to talk about how we sort of determine which habits have the potential to compound effectively, but before we get into that, tell me about the idea of the aggregation of marginal gains and why compounding is so important and how sort of tiny shifts can actually create massive outcomes down the road.

[00:15:07] JC: Sure. The aggregation of marginal gains, the phrase that comes from Dave Brailsford, who’s the performance director for Team Sky, which is a professional cycling team in Great Britain, and in the early 2000s, he was hired and they had a very mediocre team at the time. They won a single gold medal, I think, back in 1908, and they had never won a Tour de France. It’s like the race thing around for like almost 100 years.

So he was hired to change that, and his strategy, his kind of core philosophy as a coach was this concept that he called the aggregation of marginal gains. The way that he referred to it was like the 1% improvement in nearly everything that we do. So he started by looking at a bunch of things you would expect the cycling team to look at, like they put slightly lighter tires on the bike. They figured out how to use a more ergonomic seat. They have their riders wear these electrically heated over shorts to kind of keep their muscles warm while they were riding. They asked each rider to wear a biofeedback sensor so they could see how they responded to training and adjust their workouts appropriately. But a lot of these things are things that other professional cycling teams are looking to do as well. So then they did a bunch of stuff, a bunch of 1% improvements that you wouldn't expect the cycling team to do, like they hired a surgeon to teach the riders how to wash their hands to reduce the risk of getting a cold. They went to a wind tunnel and tested different fabrics in it to see which type of fabric led to the most aerodynamic ride and they have their outdoor riders switched indoor racing suits, because they ended up being lighter and more aerodynamic. They split tested a bunch of massage gels for muscle recovery to see which one led to the best form of recovery.

Then one of my favorite ones is they figured out the type of mattress and pillow that led to the best night sleep for each rider and then they brought that on the road with them to hotels for big competitions. So Brailsford’s philosophy here was that if we can actually do this, if we can execute on all these little 1% changes, then I think we could win a Tour de France within five years. That was kind of the challenge the he laid down to the team. He ended up being wrong. They won the Tour de France in three years and then they repeated again the next year with a different rider, and then they had one year where they didn’t went in and then they’d won two more in a row after that. So won four out of the next five years after they implemented this.

Then with an even larger set of riders, when they went to the Olympics in London in 2012, they won 60% of the gold medals available. So this idea that small improvements are not just like a cherry on top of your performance, but actually can be the thing that separates you from being mediocre to being truly great. That I think is something that's kind of hard for us to conceptualize. We don’t often think about how small habits make a difference in either direction. It’s very easy for us to dismiss a small bad choice eating a cheeseburger rather than a salad or something like that, or choosing to not study for 20 minutes rather than sitting down and studying tonight. But it's only a year or two, or five years later that the full impact of those small 1% choices and little changes ends up revealing itself. You don't realize how much your previous choices made a difference until they have time to compound, and that's really a principle that is central to any type compounding. You always use compound interest graphs for finance that they stay relatively low and small in the beginning and then it's only in the last like 10 years that they multiply it to some crazy degree and you’d become a millionaire.

Warren Buffett, a classic example, one of the richest people in the world now, but he wasn't a billionaire until he was well into his 50s, which seems almost impossible given that he’s worth like almost a $100 billion now, but it's all been late in his life that that curve has escalated. This is something I call the plateau of latent potential. It's this idea that very early in that curve, it’s still really low. It kind of feels like you're stuck on a plateau and it's kind of – I like to use the metaphor; it’s analogous to heating up an ice cube.

Say you’re in a room and it's cold. You can see your breath. Ice cube sitting on the table and it's like 25°, and it goes up 1° to 26, the ice cube is still there, nothing. 27, same thing. 28, 29, 30, 31. Still ice cube on the table. Nothing has changed. Then you get to 32 and suddenly the ice cube melts. You hit this phase transition.

But it's not just because of this 1° shift from 31 to 32, it's the same as all the other shifts before it. So what happened? It's actually because you were accumulating this latent potential in the shift from 25 to 31° and all of that work was not wasted. It was just being stored. I think so often in life we feel like our work is being wasted early on, whether we’re trying to lose weight and we don't see any results, or trying to build a business and sales aren’t coming in yet, or trying to learn a language and it doesn't quite click. It feels like we’re not getting anywhere, but actually that work is compounding. You’re just kind of stuck on this plateau for the time being, and then it's only later, if you stick with, that actually see how much all that previous effort counted for. So this philosophy of marginal gains of making 1% improvements, it often won’t impress you in the moment on any given day, but it ends up leading to very powerful results in the long run.  

[00:20:23] MB: It’s such a great story, and I think really clearly kind of demonstrates that as you put it, these seem like sort of extraneous little extra things, but they really are at the differentiator between winning and losing, the differentiator between getting the results you ultimately want to achieve and kind of feeling stuck and feeling like you can't make progress.

[00:20:42] JC: If you think about it, that’s really just what our days are. I mean, it’s a collection of individual moments like that, a collection of 1% choices. So if you can win those little battles, you end up winning the bigger ones in the long run.

[00:20:55] MB: I think the other pieces too, and you touched on this a little bit, is this idea that people kind of get caught up in this illusion that there's going to be like a rapid change or transformation or that there is this one sort of secret strategy or thing that's just out of reach, and if they could just figure out that one trick, that one sort of hack or shortcut that that's the thing that's holding them back. In many cases, that's almost sort of the opposite of what's true.  

[00:21:21] JC: Yeah. I mean, there’s nothing surprising about the fact that we want faster results. I mean, who doesn’t want that? This is kind of, to be honest, a little bit of the purpose of science, is we’re trying to figure out what actually works that we stop wasting our time on things that don't. So it's a good quest to want to do things more effectively or to get results faster, but there's a negative side to it, which is we leap for any strategy that promises immediate, or rapid, or quick rewards, any kind of get rich quick scheme that’s applied to really any industry.

I think, in reality, it changes usually even when it looks bit, even when it looks like an overnight success. It's like two tectonic plates grinding against each other on your surface. So for years, for probably hundreds and millions of years, they’re grinding and pushing and there’s work being put in and it doesn't really show up as anything. Then one day suddenly an earthquake happens, and it seems like this one event came out of nowhere, but really it was the millions of years of grinding that happened before it that led to the release of this major energy.

I think this is true for almost any field of life that you have to be willing to put in a long amount of work for there to be a release of some kind of performance. The San Antonio Spurs, great NBA team, won five championships. They have a quote in the locker room and it goes something like, “Whenever I don't feel motivated to continue working, I think about a stone cutter pounding on a stone a hundred times and then it splits at the 101st, and first and I know that it was not the 101st swing that did it, but all those that came before.” It’s kind of that same idea.

This a little bit of a victim of – Like we are a little bit of a victim of this like 24-hour news cycle that we have created. The only things that get covered on the news are events and events that are newsworthy. So it's only the earthquake or the splitting of the stone that is worthy of talking about. Nobody is going to make a news story about somebody hitting a stone for the 37th time and not happening. So because we only hear about results and hear about successful all the time, I think we get wrapped up into thinking that it's all about results, or it’s all about success, and we become invisible and blind to the process that hides behind it. Really, of course, it's always the process that leads to the outcomes. So my book tries to pull us back to center a little bit, help us realize that the process is the thing that we need to focus our attention on and then talk about how do we build a system so that process happens each day, rather than just hoping that we’ll feel motivated to do it.

[00:23:57] MB: I definitely want to get to the kind of the motivation side of the question and the idea of sort of hoping that we feel motivated. Before we dig into that, I want to circle back to this notion of determining kind of which habits have kind of that potential to compound over time. How do you think about evaluating habits or determining which ones have that sort of power or that latent ability to be habits that can get 1% better every day? 

[00:24:22] JC: Yeah, that’s a good question. Well, I guess there are two ways to think about it. The first is you can think about the results of the habit itself delivers. So, for example, doing a push-up each day is going to lead to some form of muscle growth, and if I can continue to increase the number that I do from 1, to 2, to 10, to 20 and so on, then there should be some kind of games that are coming from that habit itself.

But then there's also a second way to look at it, which is your identity compounds as you develop evidence for being that type of person. So each time that I do 10 push-ups, I'm not just getting my body in shape. I'm also casting a vote for being a fit person, or I'm providing a signal to myself that I'm the type person who works out, or I'm the type of person who doesn't miss workouts, that kind of thing.

In the long run, I often find that accumulating evidence for a particular identity is actually the more powerful approach, and I'll get into that in a second. So I think that the answer to your question is what I asked myself is; does this action cast a vote for the type of person that I want to be, or the type principles, the type of values that I want to stand for? If it does, then I think it's worthy of trying to do each day and like let those effects compound, because it’s not only about the results that individual habit provides, but also about what it represents or who it represents myself becoming.

For example, if you go to church every Sunday for 20 years, then you believe that you’re religious. If you study Chinese every Tuesday night for 20 minutes, you believe that you are studious. Your actions become evidence for the type of person that you believe that you are. Eventually, it becomes this kind of like two-way street. It's a feedback loop, which is the hallmark of pretty much any habit, is that they don't happen just in like a sequence. They happen in like a loop. They end up strengthening or weakening themselves depending on the feedback that you’re getting.

So as you start to develop or adopt this aspect of your identity, then it becomes a reason for you to repeat it in the future. Once you see yourself as religious, it becomes a reason to go back to church every Sunday. Or once you see yourself as studious, it becomes a reason to study again and try to get a good grade in the next test because you got one on the last one and so on.

In that way, I think one way to answer your question is; does this habit cast a vote for the type of person that I want to become? Eventually, the goal is not to be perfect. Nobody can be perfect, but you don't need to be perfect. You don’t need to have like a unanimous number of votes in any election. You just need to accumulate the majority of the evidence if you believe that about yourself. This is actually a really powerful way to change. Ultimately, I think, true behavior change is identity change. It’s a change in how you see yourself or what you think is normal for you, because once you consider it normal for you to do, it's no longer really behavior change. You’re just being the type of person that you already think that you are. You’ll hear this from people who have gone through some kind of transformation will say, “I really struggled to work out for a long time, but now lifting weights is just part of who I am, or “Meditating each day is just part of my daily routine. I can’t imagine my day without it.”

I mean, it's a signal of an identity shift of believing something new about herself and once you believe that, it doesn't really feel like work to do that anymore, it's just like, “No. It’s not work. It’s just who I am to meditate,” or “It’s just who I am to not smoke,” for example.

Anyway, I think that that's a powerful way to think about that challenge of; is this a habit that is helping me or not? Is this a habit that I should focus on? Does it cast a vote for the type of person I want to become?  

[00:28:00] MB: I think that's a really, really insightful way to kind of think about it and looking at habit selection through this sort of lens of identity creation. I mean, it kind of harkens back in some ways to sort of the commitment and consistency tendency that Cialdini writes about in Influence and obviously there’s a lot of psychology research behind it. This whole idea that you start to kind of – Once you make a decision, your sort of self-image starts to reinforce, “Okay. Well, I’m the type of person who does that,” and then eventually that becomes part of your identity.

[00:28:31] JC: Yeah, I think that’s true. There are quite a few different studies that showcase the power of it. There are a bunch of voter studies, for example, that show that people are more likely to show up at the polls if you can get them to say – Identify and say, “I am a voter,” rather than say, “I want to vote tomorrow, or I am planning on voting.”

So to adopt the identity of being a voter, rather than to talk about the action of voting, it’s actually more powerful to adopt the identity. I think it does probably have some connection to the commitment and consistency idea that once we state a claim for being a type of person, we end up looking for ways to reinforce that claim. We don't want to conflict ourselves. We don't want to have some type of internal struggle. Often, a lot of the most painful problems, not only for individuals, but also organizations and teams, is some form of identity conflict. The team, or the business, the brand wants to stand for one thing, but the individual feels like they don't stand for that. Or you say you're one type of person, but then you’re faced with a situation where you have to act in a different way. This type of identity conflict can lead to some real challenges. So whenever possible, we want to avoid those challenges. We want to find ways to be in alignment with the identity that we have adopted, and you can imagine how that shapes our behavior in the long run.

Once you adopt an identity and say, “I am a Yankees fan,” or “I am a cross-fitter,” or “I'm a vegan,” or “I'm a democrat,” or “I am a republican.” All of these things become evidence of reasons for you to act in a particular way once you've adopted that set of beliefs.

[00:32:12] MB: Another thing that I think I know you’ve kind of written and talked about in the past and aligns with this whole idea of sort of casting votes every day for the identity that you want to move towards is the notion of never missing twice. Can you talk a little bit about that?

[00:32:26] JC: Yeah. With any habit, the key is consistency, and you need to repeat a habit enough times not only for the neurological pathways in the brain to be strengthened and for that action or that skill would become fairly fluent, but also enough times for you to believe it, for you to think this is like the kind of person that I am. What I realize, the more that I study people who are lead performers, or top athletes, or top musicians, or top artists, is that they make mistakes just like everybody else. It’s not that they’re really that they’re flawless in some say, but the key is they get back on track more quickly.

So the phrase that I like to use is never miss twice, which is that if you find yourself falling off course, is you’re supposed to workout Monday, Wednesday, Friday and you miss your Wednesday workout, well then all of your effort and intention should go into getting back in the gym on Friday, because what you don't want is it’s never really the first mistake that ruins you. It's always the spiral of mistakes that follow it. Making one mistake is not really a big deal in the grand scheme of things. Missing the Wednesday workout doesn't mean a whole lot if you’re back in there on Friday. But many people find that they kind of adopt this all or nothing mentality with their habits. This is especially true with dieting. People feel like, “Oh, I need to stick to this diet,” and then as soon as they slip and don't follow it to some degree, they feel like the whole idea has brown for some reason, or it’s almost like we think either I should just do what I normally do, or I should follow this diet seven days a week. If I follow this diet only three days a week, well then that couldn’t be useful. Which soon as you state it that way, it sounds ridiculous. Like eating healthier three days we probably would serve you, but for some reason we convince ourselves of these things and it becomes easy to let one mistake spiral into many more, and never miss twice is a nice little strategy that kind of helps keep you on track.  

If you screw up your dinner that night and go off track and binge eat, then make sure that you get back on track and have a healthy breakfast in the morning. If it’s more about holding yourself back on track quickly, it doesn't really matter if you fall off the wagon if you get back on fast. If takes you a while to get back on, then suddenly you build a new habit of not doing the right thing rather than getting back on track with the habit you're actually trying to build.

[00:34:38] MB: Yeah. When you sort of rephrase it and kind of reframe it that way with the dieting example, it makes it so clear that there's no reason to kind of throw everything out just because of one mistake.

[00:34:48] JC: You’re not even really looking to be perfect. I mean, this is one of the things that I think is valuable about the 1% philosophy, which is if you could just eat one meal healthier each week than you are now, then that is an improvement. If you can do – It comes back to my point about evidence, which is a lot of people need evidence or a reason to believe that they’re even capable of change. So many people have tried to change or tried to make improvements and it hasn't worked out, that now they believe that it’s like not for them or something, that they somehow aren’t capable of doing it. But if you can stick to just one better meal each week, well, then you have a reason to believe that you could stick to two and you can kind of escalate and improve from there rather than trying to go straight from 0 to 100 and hope that somehow you could like radically transform your life or transform your results.

[00:35:37] MB: Another thing that I think is a really critical point that you talk about in sort of habit formation is this idea that it's kind of dangerous or incorrect to wait until you feel motivated to do something.

[00:35:49] JC: Yeah. Motivation is interesting. So researchers can track motivation or desire. We want to call that – In the book I call it craving, and I define a craving as a desire to change your state. So pretty much every movement, every choice that you make is driven by the desire to change your state, at least to some small degree. It might not even be conscious that you’re doing that, but you want – You’re in a particular state right now and you want to be in a different state. So you walk into the kitchen and you see a plate of cookies and you envision what it would be like to eat that cookie or that you would feel better or that it would be tasty. So you recognize, “Oh! I’m in a current state that does not involve cookies. I would like to be in the future state but does involve cookies,” and that's the gap between current state and your future state is your level of motivation or desire. When that gap is wide enough, you take an action.  

So that is true, but it also fluctuates. So you can – Scientists can track the level of motivation or desire based largely on dopamine levels in the brain. I want to throw a caveat in here and say that dopamine gets talked about a lot. It's not the only aspect or only molecule that plays a central role in habit formation or in behavior, even though sometimes it gets talked about in this kind of all-encompassing way. But does play a central role, and so I think it’s worth talking about or worth using as an example.

Anyway, dopamine is constantly circulating throughout the brain. But the levels change based on circumstances and situation based on the cues that you're picking up. So when you see a cookie, for example, then dopamine might spike and that spike leads to a rise in desire, or rise in motivation and gets you to act and you go and pick the cookie up. This is true for all kinds of habits. There is one study that showed cocaine addicts a picture of cocaine but only for 33 milliseconds, which is actually too short to consciously know that you have seen any yet still there was a rise in dopamine and desire.

Anyway, the body is continually picking up on different stimuli in the environment and recognizing what's going on. Depending on how attractive a particular stimulus is, the level of motivation and desire in your brain rises or falls. Well, you can already see that there's some kind of issues here, especially related to habits, which is that a habit, by definition, is something that you do repeatedly and do consistently, and motivation, which we just described, is something that rises and falls. So why would you want something that you need to do consistently to rely on something that is inconsistent?

So this is the challenge with picking a habit that requires a lot of motivation, which is that high dopamine levels and a lot of motivation are only going to be there every now and then. So you're faced with this situation where either to do something really difficult, you need to make sure that it happens at a time of day when your motivation is always high, or you can rely on it to be high, or you need to scale the habit down so that it's so easy that you can do it even if your motivation is low. The second approach I think is the more effective one, which is that a habit should be so easy that you should be able to ask yourself the question, “Can I do this habit 98% of the time no matter the conditions without fail?” If you can't answer that question, then you're probably starting too big.

This is a surprising thing for a lot of people. Even when you know that you should start small, it’s still really easy to start too big. So if someone talking about building a habit of going for a run each day, well they might say, “Well, I should start small. So let me only run for 10.” Actually, even that is still way too big. What we’re talking about here is like the habit should be getting your shoes on. So tying your shoes is the only thing you're focused on. Once you get your running shoes on, then you just get out the door and let it go from there. Whether you run or not, whether you actually even take a step, is not the goal. This sounds kind of ridiculous, but it makes more sense when you understand the impact that habits can have on your daily routines and kind of how behavior works in general.  

So there's a story that I tell in the book about Twyla Tharp, who’s a famous choreographer and dance instructor, and every morning she works out for two hours, which sounds like this Herculean feat, this really impressive habit. But she says that the habit is actually not going to the gym. The habit is she wakes up, she puts on her workout clothes and leg warmers, walks outside and hails a cab at the corner of, I think, it’s 91st Street in 2nd Avenue or something like that. Then the habit is she hails the cab, as soon as she hails the cab and gets in the cab, the habit is done, and then she knows that the workout just kind of follows naturally, but she doesn't really worry about the workout itself. She worries about hailing a cab.

That I think is a great example of the impact that habits play in our daily lives. So depending on what research study you look at, habits are defined to encompass about 40% to 50% of our daily behaviors, which is a lot. Things that you don't think about, like brushing your teeth, or tying your shoes, or whether you scratch the side of your face while you’re talking to somebody, or cover your mouth when you laugh or stuff like that. Nobody thinks about all these little habits that are filling up their day.

But I would argue that the true impact of habits is far greater than that for the simple reason of the example I just gave with Twyla Tharp, which is that little habits are like an entrance ramp to a highway. They’re like a fork in the road. They determine what we end up doing consciously for minutes, or even hours afterward.  

If you take the habit of pulling your phone out of your pocket, you pull your phone out, you’re standing in line at the supermarket or something like that and you can be staying in line for five seconds and we’re like, “I need to be doing something. I’m bored already.” So we pull our phone out, and that action only takes two seconds, but the action of doing that ends up determining what you spend the next 10 minutes on. Are you playing a video game? Are you answering email? Or checking social media, and all those things are more conscious choices. You might think carefully about how to respond to a particular email, or think carefully about how to beat this particular level of a video game.  

But the habit of pulling your phone out shaped the set of options that you’re facing and what you’re paying attention to. So I like to call that a decisive moment, and a decisive moment, there's usually – I would say for my day, there’s quite 5, maybe 8 decisive moments throughout the day. They kind of determine how I spend the next hour or two that follow.

So, for example, in the evening, around like 5:00, 5:15, my wife gets home from work and either we change into our workout clothes and then go to the gym, or we sit on the couch and watch The Office reruns or eat Indian food or whatever, and it's really that like brief moment where either we change into our workout clothes or not. That little habit, that decisive moment that determines what is going to happen in the next two hours. If we can master that moment, then all the other stuff, like we’re going to get in the car, we’re going to drive in the gym, we’re going to step under the bar and do the workout. All of that doesn’t even really require that much motivation because you’ve already kind of set the path in motion.

So bringing it back to your original question about motivation and how it fluctuates and how it works and whether we need it to stick to habits, I think it's far better or more effective to focus on mastering a few of these decisive moments throughout the day that end up shaping how you spend the next hour and making those decisive moments as easy as possible, requiring as little motivation as possible, because once you do that, then you find that good behaviors often falls naturally.

[00:43:24] MB: That's a great, great answer and really detailed. I think the phone is a perfect analogy, because it's almost a subconscious reflect to sort of pull out and look at your phone and then you can sort of like wake up 10 minutes later and be like, “What's been happening?”

So I think one of the other major factors that often gets ignored in the habit conversation is the importance of social norms. Can you tell me a little bit about how those kind of impact and shape our behaviors and habits?

[00:43:49] JC: Sure. A social norm is like a collective agreed upon belief by a group or a collection of people. For example, in many cases, these are just implicit. We don't even really talk about them, but like you step on to an elevator and everybody turns to face the front rather than facing the back. If you have an interview, you wear a suit, not workout clothes.

Now, there's no reason that you have to do these things. You could show up at an interview in workout clothes, but you would be judged, it would be weird, because it violates the social norm. It violates the kind of collective agreement about how we’re supposed to act in a particular situation. Much more than we realize, these social norms, these kind of implicit agreed-upon beliefs shape our daily habits and behaviors. The key for making them work for you rather than against you is that you have to realize each tribe, each little subculture or subgroup, has a set of norms that are associated with that group.

Take crossfit, for example. Crossfit has a set of norms. You don't call the gym a gym. You call it a box. You don't call the workout a workout or an exercise, you call it a WOD, workout of the day. They have this kind of like shared language about how they approach it. Then there's all these other kind of implicit things that it means to be part of the culture. If you decide to join a crossfit gym, then you might start eating paleo, for example, or you find yourself buying knee sleeves, or wrist straps, or different types of weight lifting shoes.

Partially, because you need those things to do the workout, but also partially because having that stuff and talking in that is what it means to fit in with that group. This is a very deeply wired trait for all of us. We want to fit in with the group because we want to belong. From an evolutionary standpoint, it was really valuable to belong. We lived in tribes of hunter-gatherers. If you were abandoned, if you didn't belong to the tribe, then that was basically a death sentence on the savanna.

So we’re deeply wired to signal to provide indications to the rest of the people around us that, “Hey, I'm part of this group too.” So we look for ways to do that, and the key is that we look for ways to signal that we belong when we want to belong to that tribe, when we want to be part of that friend group. So this is I think is – This is kind of the powerful punch line, is that you need to find a group where your desired behavior is the normal behavior. That's the first part.

For example, getting in shape. Working out seems like a hassle to a lot of people. It seems like a lot of work, but there are many people who that is just normal for. Going to the gym is just a normal thing. It’s not something that requires a ton of efforts. It’s part of their identity as we talked about earlier. You're looking for a group where your desired behavior, the thing that you want to achieve is part of the normal behavior. But then the second part of that is that you're looking for a group that you also share some type of context with, that you could already be friends with.

One of my favorite examples, my friend, Steve Camp, runs a website called Nerd Fitness. So it's all about fitness and getting in shape, but for people who love Star Wars, or superheroes, or Batman, or Legos or stuff like that have like some kind of nerdy interest as well. So if you're the type of person who loves Star Wars and you feel kind of out of place in the gym, well, making friends with people who are in Nerd Fitness is perfect, because now you have a reason to be friends. You have a reason that you want to belong to the group, that you want to prove to them, “Hey, I'm into this too,” and all of these new people that you’re hanging out with now are also into the thing that you want to achieve, the desired behavior for you is part of their normal behavior already. That's a really powerful way to change, because you have a reason to connect, a reason to belong and you naturally start to soak up some of the social norms, or some of the typical behaviors of that group and culture. 

[00:47:38] MB: That makes a ton of sense. I mean, that kind of simple idea that you’re sort of the average of the five people you spend the most time with. It's thrown around a lot, but it's actually something that's kind of backed by the science and the evidence around what shapes human behavior and what shapes our sort of expectations and intentions and ultimately our habits.

[00:47:57] JC: I mean, social norms are incredibly powerful, so much so that they're almost invisible to us. You can think about the type of school system that you grew up in, or the type of neighborhood that you grew up in. I mean, if you move to a new neighborhood, and then on Tuesday evening everybody sets the recycling out, then you look around and you’re like, “Oh, I guess I need to sign up for recycling. That’s what people like us do here,” because you want to fit in with the rest of your neighbors.

Same reason why people like trimming their hedges and mow their grass. There's no reason you have to mow your lawn, but you do it because you would be frowned upon by the rest of the neighborhood if you were the sloppy one. So there are so many things that we do like that, from the religions that we practice, to the schools that we go to, to the way that we act in conversation, whether or not we buckle up our seatbelt, or whether we smoke inside, or adhere to the laws and don't smoke. Laws and regulations are just a way of formalizing a social norm, formalizing something that we largely, not always, but largely have agreed-upon that this is the way we [inaudible 00:48:52] particular situation. Yeah, in many cases, those social norms end up shaping our behavior in very meaningful ways.

[00:49:00] MB: So what's kind of – For somebody who wants to apply that, how do they sort of seek out or find people who have those social norms that will get them the habits that they want?

[00:49:09] JC: Yeah. It’s a good question. I don't think it's that hard to find people who are achieving the thing that you want to desire. Pretty quick Google search could probably find you people who are – If you want to run a million-dollar business, you can just search for groups of entrepreneurs who do million+ in revenue or whatever. It probably isn't that hard to find that. What is harder is finding people who have achieved that, but you also have something in common with you now.

For this, I think this is one reason why it's crucial to have hobbies or to have a variety of interests to be curious about multiple areas, multiple things, because it gives you more hooks, more surface area to connect with people on. So the more things that you're curious about, the more opportunity you have for making those connections between the people that are already achieving what you want to achieve and the people that you have some kind of interest with, and once those Venn diagrams overlap, you’re like looking for that nerd section.

[00:50:04] MB: I think that's a great point, and having that commonality, that sort of common thread is what enables you to connect with those people and ultimately bridges the gap between – Kind of forms the basis for that relationship that then lets you start to kind of transform your habits. 

[00:50:18] JC: Agreed.

[00:50:18] MB: For somebody who's listening to this episode that kind of wants to concretely start to implement some of the ideas that we've talked about today, what would be kind of a piece of homework or an action item or sort of a first step that you would give them to start implementing these ideas?

[00:50:34] JC: I’ll give you two. So the first step is to downscale your habits until they can fit within two minutes. There's nothing magical about two minutes, but I call it the two minute rule and it’s just a good like sort of starting ground for figuring out if your habit is small enough.

For example, like fold the laundry becomes fold one pair of socks, or do 30 minutes of yoga becomes takeout my yoga mat, or read a book every week becomes read one page tonight. So you're just trying to take whatever the thing is you're trying to achieve and you scale it down so that it’s small enough that you could do it within two minutes.

Then the second piece is to reduce friction so that doing that behavior is as easy as possible. The most effective way to do this, to start, is almost always environment design. So let's take the reading example. If you want to build a habit of reading one page every night, then you could say, “All right. After I make my bed in the morning, I’m going to take a book and put it on my pillow so that when I get in bed at night, the environment is already primed. It’s there. It's ready. I can just pick the book up and read a page.

So you can do this also for habits that you want to avoid. For example, if you – A common example I give is if you walk into pretty much any living room in America, all the couches and chairs face the television. So it’s like what does that room designed to get you to do? It’s designed to get you to watch TV. So if you can adjust that just slightly. You could take the remote and put it inside a drawer and put like a book in its place, you could put your TV inside like a wall unit or a cabinet so that there are doors that close it off and you don't see it as much. You could, after each use, unplug the television and then only plug it back in if you can say the name of the show that you want to watch out loud. So all of these are just little ways of increasing friction between you and the bad behavior.

So I would say if you can do those two things, if you can scale your habits down to just two minutes or less so that they’re really simple and easy to start, then we’re talking about kind of that decisive moment, make the decisive moments as easy as possible. Then if you can redesign your environment to reduce the number of steps between you and the good behaviors so you’re reducing friction or increase the number of steps between you and the unwanted behaviors, so you’re increasing friction for the bad habits, then I find that those two things I think you'll find will make a bigger impact than you would think especially if you scale them.

I mean, the collective impact of living in a room, or an office, or home where you've got 50 little environment design hacks that are all kind of nudging you toward the right thing and away from the unproductive thing, it’s much bigger than you would think. All those little 1% improvement add up. So I think both of those are very actionable and very good ways to start.

[00:53:08] MB: Where can listeners find you and your work and your upcoming book online?

[00:53:12] JC: Yeah. So the book is called Atomic Habits: Tiny Changes, Remarkable Results. You can find it at atomichabits.com, and we’ve actually put together a variety of bonus materials, extra interviews and downloads. How to apply the ideas to parenting? How to apply the ideas to business? You can get all of that additional material at atomichabits.com. So that’s probably the best place to go and check things out.

[00:53:33] MB: James, thank you so much for coming on the show for sharing all these wisdom and knowledge. So many great kind of insights and ideas. It's been a pleasure to have you here.  

[00:53:42] JC: Awesome. Thank you so much for having me. I appreciate it.

October 11, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
Marc Effron-01.png

Double Your Productivity and Focus on What Matters with Marc Effron

October 04, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we discuss how to become a high performer at work. We look at one simple question you can use to double your productivity, we talk about how to decipher scientific evidence and determine what’s really important to focus on for maximum performance, we examine how to get quality feedback on your work, share strategies for creating high performance habits and behaviors, and uncover what it takes to quickly improve your performance with our guest Marc Effron. 

Marc Effron is the founder and president of the Talent Strategy Group and publisher of the Talent Quarterly Magazine. He is a Harvard Business Press best-selling author and just released his latest book 8 Steps To High Performance. He has been recognized as one of the Top 100 Influencers in H.R. and he has worked and consulted with some of the largest companies in the country.

  • We have so much science that tell us many of the right things to do - and yet its often so hard to discern signal from noise 

  • People like writing about individual topics - but often don’t combine them all into one cohesive view of reality as a whole

  • “The Three Tiers of Proof” 

  • Bottom tier “Research" - a consulting firm does a study and comes out with a report - not peer reviewed, not validated, not controlled - but still may have some value

    1. Next step up - "Science" - someone has published an article in a peer reviewed journal 

    2. The best - "Conclusive Science" - 100 people do the experiment and all come to the exact same conclusion 

  • How do we think about parsing out the signal from the noise in reviewing scientific research?

  • Does this person have a financial incentive / commercial interest to present this finding?

    1. How does this fit with all the other information out there? Does it align with most of the existing information?

  • What are the Levels of proof that we should look for when we evaluate scientific research?

  • Meta studies are one of the most helpful tools - its the highest level of proof for scientific research 

  • Start with the simplest ideas and move from there - begin with the most simple and powerful concepts and then go from there.

  • The challenge is that we are attracted to novelty - and yet it’s often the simplest things that create the best results 

  • Success is about the basic execution of the fundamentals at a high level - its not about secrets, its not about short cuts - there is no secret to success - it’s about doing things that are simple work and well in a consistent and disinclined way

  • High performers and high performing companies execute consistently on the basics

  • High performer is someone who out performers there peers on a consistent basis - performers and behaves at the 75th percentile of their peer group - over a sustained period of time 

  • Peer group is a key component of this - it raises the standard substantially 

  • “Whats the one thing I can get better at right now?” 

  • How do we find the biggest lever that can we move / change / improve to take ourselves to the next level - what’s the simplest ONE THING that you can focus on improving first?

  • If you want to get better you’re much better off asking others for feedback than just looking at yourself

  • What’s your disciplined approach for gathering feedback from others about what makes you so successful?

  • How do we gather quality feedback?

  • Source of opinions and quality of opinion are not equal. 

    1. Find your high performing peers

    2. Find your high performing people at your bosses level that you would like feedback from

  • If you’re a solo entrepreneur your customers or investors are probably the best people to ask

  • If you’re at the top of your game it’s a lot more challenging to get that quality feedback because people spend their time sucking up to you

  • 360 degree feedback tools are helpful for this (more anonymous the channel the better you are likely to get real feedback) 

  • Goal setting is very scientifically validated tool to improve performance

  • How can you maximize your performance by increasing the stretch of what you’re trying to achieve

    1. Have 2, at most 3, BIG things that will make the largest contribution to your organization

    2. Is your daily life organized around the 3 big rocks you need to move this year to create the biggest possible impact for your organization?

    3. "What would it take for me to deliver 2x next year than what I delivered this year?"

    4. Ask your boss: I want to deliver 2x next year - what’s the ONE thing I could do differently to deliver more on that goal? (Overcome the fear)

    5. It’s not like they haven’t thought of this before - they already have an answer for this - they already THINK IT, they just haven’t told you yet 

      1. If you work with them, they already have these thoughts 

  • Can we set goals that are too big and too ambitious? How do we strike that balance?

  • Ask yourself - is your big goal too disengaging? Could it be harmful to the organization?

  • What Exercises are there for determining those 2-3 big things we should be focusing on?

  • When you get feedback from people - you’re the LAST PERSON to know the information - everyone else already knows it 

  • Everyone is fallible and can improve at something

  • What does it mean to “behave to perform?"

  • There many different ways to succeed, but a limited number of ways to fail 

  • What are the similar ways in which we all tend to fail?

    1. What are the things that consistently de-rail you?

  • Given where my company is - what needs to happen for me to be the most high performance I can be? What are the few behaviors that matter the most for performance right now?

  • Three “buckets” of behaviors that cause us to derail:

  • “Moving away” behaviors - behaviors that cause you to put distance between you and other people. Passive aggression, shyness, etc. 

    1. “Moving against” behaviors - putting you into other people’s space and make them want to spend less time with you

    2. “Moving towards” behaviors - suck up behavior, managing up and the people below you don’t like it

  • The three buckets are predictable and can be determined, so that you can fix them. 

  • Focus on what you can change and ignore the rest. 

  • There are thousands of stories per year of people who were born with no meaningful advantage and can become high performers 

  • There are many fixed traits of your life, background, abilities etc that you can’t change - focus on what you can change 

  • How do we accelerate the growth of our most important factors of high performance?

  • It’s the experience we have that grow us fastest - the most big, challenging, scary, risky experiences you have the faster you’re going to learn. 

  • Every day you should ask yourself - am I in an experience right now that is advancing me as fast as possible?

  • It’s easy to get comfortable, but comfort is the enemy of growth

  • We often exaggerate the downside and underestimate the upside

  • Evolutionary programming gets in the way of the most optimal strategies for high performance

  • How the “Cake story” can transform your perspective on simplicity and execution 

  • Homework: Action begins with an assessment of where we are today - how do you compare against the 8 step framework - then determine what your ONE key priority going forward should be 

  • Homework: Ask your boss: I want to deliver 2x next year - what’s the ONE thing I could do differently to deliver more on that goal?

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png
The Science of Success is now available on Spotify! Unleash your potential, become more confident, and learn from the most brilliant minds of our time, all on your favorite device anywhere, anytime.

The Science of Success is now available on Spotify! Unleash your potential, become more confident, and learn from the most brilliant minds of our time, all on your favorite device anywhere, anytime.

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

bespoke.png

This week’s episode is brought to you by Bespoke Post and their monthly Box Of Awesome! The team at Bespoke Post are always out scouting for quality and unique products to send people just like you each month! Whether you’re in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, or jet-setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time.

For a limited time, you can get your first box for 20% off by entering the code "SUCCESS"at checkout! Each box costs under $50 but has over $70 work of unique gear waiting inside!

This week we’re loving the custom Alchemy Box! Cocktails take practice, precise measurements, and lots of tasting to make sure you're getting it right. So pull up a barstool and start experimenting!

Screenshot 2018-10-03 at 8.47.51 PM.png

From barrel-aging kits to limited edition cigars, weekender bags, jackets to classy Dopp Kits, Bespoke Post offers the essential goods and guidance for the modern man. Don’t want a box that month, no problem. Opt-out on months you don’t want or need a box at no cost to you!

We've been customers for years and love getting our box each month, you will too!!​

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [SoS Episode] Self Help For Smart People - How You Can Spot Bad Science & Decode Scientific Studies with Dr. Brian Nosek

  • [SoS Episode] The Biological Limits of the Human Mind

  • [Website] The 8 Steps

  • [Book] The Leadership Machine: Architecture to Develop Leaders for Any Future by Michael M. Lombardo and Robert W. Eichinger

  • [Book] What Got You Here Won't Get You There: How Successful People Become Even More Successful by Marshall Goldsmith and Mark Reiter

Episode Transcript


[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

Announcer: Welcome to the Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than two million downloads, listeners in over a hundred countries and part of the self-help for smart people podcast network.

In this episode, we discuss how to become a high-performer at work. We look at one simple question you can use to double your productivity. We talk about how to decipher scientific evidence and determine what’s really important to focus on for maximum performance. 

We examine how to get quality feedback on your work, share strategies for creating high-performance habits and behaviors and uncover what it takes to quickly improve your performance with our guest, Marc Effron.

Do you need more time? Time for work, time for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life, time to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our e-mail list. It's called How You Can Create Time for the Things that Really Matter in Life. You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the e-mail list at successpodcast.com.

You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our e-mail subscribers. We recently pre-released an episode in an interview to our e-mail subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience, and that had tremendous implications because there is a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first. With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live, exclusive interview just for e-mail subscribers.

There's some amazing stuff that's available only to e-mail subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the e-mail list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. Or if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter" to the number 44-222. That's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

In our previous episode, we discussed the shocking truth about the danger of positive thinking. Is it always good to visualize your goals? Could there be potential downsides to daydreams and fantasies about the future? How can we identify what stands in the way of our goals and take concrete action to get there?

We looked at these questions and much more along with a proven evidence-based methodology for creating effective behavior change to actually achieve what you want with our previous guest, Dr. Gabriele Oettingen. If you want to learn what it really takes to achieve your goals and dreams, listen to that episode.

Now for our interview with Marc.

[0:03:00.3] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show, Marc Effron. Marc is the founder and president of The Talent Strategy Group and publisher of The Talent Quarterly Magazine. He's a Harvard Business Press best-selling author and just released his book, 8 Steps to High Performance. He's been recognized as one of the top 100 influencers in HR and has worked and consulted with some of the largest companies in America. Marc, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:26.2] ME: Matt, super happy to be here.

[0:03:28.2] MB: Well, we're super excited to have you on the show. To start out, I'd love to dig into one of the core themes that you write and talked a lot about in your most recent book, this idea that many people have made the topic of high performance really convoluted and confusing and as you put it, more challenging than it needs to be. I'd love to talk about how has that happened and how have you tried to approach it from a different perspective?

[0:03:54.0] ME: Sure. Well, it always just seemed strange to me that we have so much science that tells us so many of the right things to do that was never really synthesized and packaged into one easy to understand place. In the beginning of my book, I even say wouldn't it have been nice if somebody had simply sat us down as a 18-year-old and said, “Look, there's a bunch of things that we know work and there's a bunch of things we know don't work. Let me tell you what those are.”

That's really what I try to do in the book and it hadn't happened up at this point, I think not because anybody had a intent not to do it, but folks love writing about individual topics. There's a lot of writing about emotional intelligence, or about strengths, or about little things that people claim work, but no one really has a commercial interest in saying, let's just sort through all of this and figure out what's most powerful.

[0:04:46.1] MB: It's funny, I'm a huge fan of Charlie Munger and we talk a lot about him on the show and his approach to the world as the lens that he caused worldly wisdom. A huge component of that is integrating all kinds of different disciplines of knowledge into a coherent, practical vision of reality that pulls from really any disciplines that are necessary to form a cohesive view of the whole.

[0:05:10.6] ME: The good news in this field, we talk about high performances, we actually do know a lot about what is conclusively proven to be helpful. The facts are out there. This is really about us assembling those in a way that's easy for folks to understand and apply.

[0:05:29.0] MB: When you talk about the concept of something being conclusively proven, and I know you dig into this a little bit in the book, tell me about what's that threshold that you use and I have a follow-up after that, but I want to just dig into that first.

[0:05:42.4] ME: Sure. Let me frame up a really fast way that I screen information that comes at me. I look at three tiers of proof. Those tiers are bottom tier research. Research means a consulting group did a study, could be a huge study, it could be a small study, but consulting firm does a study, comes out with a report, that's research. No one's looked at that, that the core data, nobody's validated it, it might not have been done in a very controlled way, but it might be absolutely fine but it's independent.

Next step up, what I would call science. Science means that somebody has published an article in a peer-reviewed journal and the rest of us have a chance to read through that and say have they do the experiment. What were the conclusions? What's the level of proof? There's some independent thinking that we can all review. Then to me, the highest level of proof is what I would call conclusive science, which is that a hundred people will do the exact same experiment and almost all of them come to the exact same conclusions.

When I'm sorting through information I'm looking for science, for interesting findings, but conclusive science to recommend something, but there's a ton of science that never gets replicated, never gets proven to be true over time. I like the belt and suspenders level of confidence that you get, whether that’s conclusive science.

[0:07:04.3] MB: It's funny, Brian Nosek who's the founder of the replication project, or the reproducibility project is a previous guest in the show and we went – we explored this topic in depth in that interview. For listeners who wanted again, that's another great episode to talk about. I'd love to get into, there's so much information out there that's often hard to sort out the signal from the noise. How do you think about parsing that and especially for somebody who's a layman, or doesn't have a PhD, how do they think about combing through scientific research and really determining is this article valid? Is it is it relevant? Is it peer-reviewed, etc., versus is it pseudoscience or not really as believable?

[0:07:49.3] ME: Yeah, and it's a big challenge Matt, is most folks aren't industrial, organizational psychologists and they shouldn't have to be to figure out what it takes to be a higher performer, but we all have a lot of the information flying at us every day and having the ability to really sort through that at least separate the wheat from the chaff, if not the great wheat from the pretty good wheat is a critical skill.

I’m a skeptic by nature, so my starting screen is just a an average guy looking at material is is the person who's presenting this material to me, do they have a commercial interest in me believing the outcome? If it is, “Hey Matt, if you stand in your head for an hour and a half, you're going to have a IQ that's 30% higher than it is today and I happen to sell some mats that make standing on your head even more comfortable.” Then you might want to doubt that finding. If it's presented by a group who probably doesn't have an obvious commercial interest in the outcome, I'm at least willing to look further and then I go back to that screen I just set up, which is well, is it research?

Meaning, I just gathered some data. Is it science? Somebody else is seeing this, or is it conclusive science? A lot of folks have actually proven this to be true over time. I would just say that the average Jill or Joe looking at a claim just needs to take that very skeptical eye and say one, why is this person bringing forth this information? Is it because they want to sell a product? Nothing wrong with that, but look carefully at that. Then what's the level of proof that you as an individual need to believe something and how does this fit with all the other information, to your point around Charlie Munger, all the other information you have about what makes somebody successful? Does it seem to line with that, or if it contradicts everything you've ever thought of? Maybe it's not true.

[0:09:39.3] MB: I think the first thing that I find really interesting with that and there's some other piece of that I want to break down and dig into, but you outlined the power of incentives. As Munger talks about as well, incentives can have such an ability to shape people's behavior. I find it really fascinating.

[0:09:53.2] ME: Absolutely. I think, what we need to understand is how do we best align incentives with either what you want your employees, or what you want yourself to do to be a higher performer? Because we like to think sometimes that it's dollars that do it, or it's big opportunities that cause folks to be more focused or to apply more effort, but a lot of what we know from psychology is that motivation one, a decent chunk of it comes from different personality types. Some folks are going to show it to be naturally more motivated and not need an incentive.

Also that things big goals, well that might not seem like an incentive, actually do probably more to drive people in a productive direction than saying, “Well, here's a big check if you get something done.” There are very few folks who are actually going to deliver more because you write him a big check. If you get them unbelievably interested and involved in their work, that's probably the best shot to ensure they're delivering over what you expected.

[0:10:52.5] MB: Before we jump in to the eight steps of high performance, I want to come back and look a little bit at this concept you touched on a second ago, which is the idea of level of proof and the a tool that you use to evaluate the quality of scientific information. Other than the three-tiered level, are you looking at certain things like the quality of meta studies, sample size, etc., or what are some of the tools that you use that listeners might be able to apply for themselves when they think about calibrating levels of proof on scientific information that they're consuming?

[0:11:24.0] ME: Sure. Well, I think you bring up a very helpful one. Well, you can't always find a meta analyses to prove your point. It's great if you can. For those folks who weren't up on the lingo, meta analyses is simply an analysis of a lot of studies. There are about a hundred studies that test whether drinking coffee is good for your mental health, then a meta-analysis would look at all those hundred studies together and figure out well, do they tell us anything when we look at them collectively instead of looking them individually?

Think of that as highest level of proof. If you look at those hundred studies, that's more helpful than looking at one. Yes, I love meta analyses and that's most of what I use in eight steps to high-performance to prove these points. While there might be some interesting fringe findings out there in the world of science around high performance, my view back to our original discussion is well, if we know what works, why don't we simply focus first on explaining to people in a very simple way, “Hey, we know these eight things are helpful. Just do these. If there's some other things around the edges, you can think about those later.”

That meta analyses, or the meta analysis that folks are going to review, that's going to probably give you the soundest direction and ideally is the highest level of proof, but also recognize now meta analyses depend on someone doing those. You have to hope that your favorite scientist has fallen in love with the same topic that you have and has actually done the work that's going to allow you to draw the conclusion.

[0:12:52.0] MB: I think that's a great starting point perspective, this idea that we should start with the simplest and most proven ideas, implement those and that's not necessarily to discount that maybe some of this other research that's less validated may still have some value, but it's just saying if we only have a limited amount of time and a limited amount of resources and energy to focus on, let's start with the things that are the simplest to execute and the most scientifically validated.

[0:13:15.0] ME: In the challenges that were attracted to novelty. I find this all the time in my field, I spend most of my time helping big global companies make their HR processes work better and I hear every week, we've been doing the same thing for years. We'd love to do something different. Okay, well what if a CFO said, “Hey, we've been beating earnings every quarter for years. We'd love to do something different.” Just as stupid. If you're setting goals and people are performing at a very high level, then great, keep setting goals.

If people have been behaving badly, then great, do something different. The starting point should be if you know certain things work, let's focus on flawlessly executing those certain things, as opposed to saying, “Well, here is something new and different. We should try that.” I think part of that is just human nature. We get bored.

Every morning when we start our car, the engine turns over. We should be happy with the boredom that produces. We don't want the drama of our car starting up sometimes and not starting up sometimes. Part of this is getting comfortable with the boredom of disciplined execution around high performance.

[0:14:19.5] MB: I think it's funny and this is probably one of the most common findings if you look across self-help literature, or business books, or biographies of great achievers is this fundamental idea that and I think paraphrasing a quote from Jim Rohn from many years ago that success is not magical and mysterious. There's no shortcuts. It's really just the execution of the basic fundamentals at a really high level.

[0:14:44.1] ME: Yeah. I couldn't agree more with that. What I find both in working with corporations and individuals is most of the corporations who succeed and most of the individuals who succeed don't do anything that any of us haven't heard of. They don't have a secret to success. They simply do everything that the rest of us know works well in a very consistent and disciplined manner. It is that focused execution that matters 95% of the time.

Half of that is just a challenge of to my earlier point, avoiding the novelty of, “Oh, I'm bored. I'd like to do something different.” High performers and high performing companies say, “Yeah, it's boring. It's boring and successful, so I'm just going to keep doing it.”

[0:15:28.0] MB: I think that's a good segue to get into more around some of the findings around high performance. Start out, I'm curious how do you define, or think about what is a high performer?

[0:15:39.4] ME: I think that's a great starting point. We all would love to think that we’re high performers and I'm sure most of us try pretty hard to be high performers. It's fair to say that a high performer is likely somebody who both delivers and behaves at the 75th percentile, versus their peers on a consistent basis. There are a few key phrases in there. One is performs and behaves, so this is not you're the high-performing jerk, or you're the really nice guy who doesn't get much done. You've got to perform at the 75th percentile on both, which means better than three out of four people that you work with, and over a sustained period of time.

This is not that you have a good project, or a good month, or even a good year. This is man, Matt just shows up every single day doing great stuff. I mean, it really is that level of disciplined high performance that separates out those who were truly high performers from those who aren't.

[0:16:39.1] MB: It's funny, I think another key element of that idea that almost seems throwaway phrase, but really highlights a core component of I think the way that you present and think about high performance is that you just tossed in there that it's your peer group, right? It's not necessarily comparing your performance to the spectrum of everyone, but it's saying the people who are your peers, how are you performing against them as a particular group.

[0:17:04.3] ME: Yeah. It's a high standard. As human beings, we hate being compared to others. Social comparison is one of the things that makes our brains more nervous than almost any other thing that we do. It's very easy since most of us overestimate our abilities when we're doing social comparison at work and saying, “Hey, I'm at least as good as that guy, or at least as good as that gal,” to overestimate where we genuinely are.

It can make it very challenging to understand am I truly a high performer against an objective standard? Part of that goes to being open about the fact that all of us can probably get better at at least one thing and we should probably regularly be asking those around us what's the one thing I can get better at right now, and just being continually gathering information to understand how close am I to really being a high performer and what's the biggest lever I could pull right now to get closer to that level?

[0:18:01.0] MB: I love that approach. How do we, and we might be jumping around a little bit but how do we think about finding that one thing we can improve and determining whether that's really the lever that's going to move the dial the most?

[0:18:14.1] ME: Sure. I'm going to be channeling Marshall Goldsmith for a lot of this, production move with Marshall. He wrote What Got You Here, Won't Get You There, a great executive coach. What Marshall would say is well, the best way to find out is to ask other people. Again, that's probably one of these scariest things we can do is say, “Hey Matt, I'm really trying to be a better entrepreneur. Do you have one suggestion for me about how I can do that?”

The reason most of us don't ask people that question is because most of us don't want to hear the answers. A lot of this is getting in our mind in the right place to say, “I'm sure that I can get better at something and I'm sure the person I'm speaking to can probably get better at something.” We're on neutral ground. We can each get better at something. If I really want to get better, I'm probably better off asking others than asking myself since I'm probably a little bit delusional about how good I am. A lot of this comes down to saying what's my disciplined approach, so back to discipline, for gathering information about how others see me and their view about what's going to make me more successful.

Because well, we might want to say well, I'm sure there's an objective standard we can measure Marc against and see how he does and if he's high or low in certain elements, we’ll change those. More effective is if Matt and the people who work with Matt are my peers, they're likely the ones who are going to determine my future. If they tell me a different way to behave, or a different way to perform, that's probably pretty good advice for the primary thing that I should be focusing on.

[0:19:44.1] MB: Let's get a little bit more specific. How do we think about the actual practical application of starting to cultivate or create that disciplined approach for gathering feedback?

[0:19:54.5] ME: Well, part of it is to understand whose opinions are most valued in the environment you work in? It may be that your best friend is a high performer and you should listen to him or her, and maybe they're the office slacker and their opinions probably aren't quite as valued. Step one, it's understanding who are my high-performing peers? That would be one group that we'd want to look at.

The other question be who are other high-performing leaders at my boss's level who I would like to get some feedback from? For your peers, again, it might feel a little bit threatening. I guarantee you they have something they would like to tell you about how you could be a better performer, so put that in the back of your mind and just have the guts to ask them that one question. “Hey, I'm trying to get better at X. Do you have any suggestions for me for how I can do that?” Ask the high-performing peers, you likely know who they are if you don't ask your boss. “Hey, I'm trying to get even better at my job. I’d love some more input. Can you tell me the few people who are at my level who I should speak with and who might have some great suggestions?”

Then for the folks at your boss’s level as well, for people you might work with on projects, or have presented to in the past, same thing, grab a cup of coffee with them and say, “Look, I'm really trying to get better at what I do. I'm trying to be really open about the fact that there are things I can improve at. Would you have a suggestion for me about something that I could do going forward that would make me more effective?”

Don't categorize it. Don't rate their answers. Simply say thank you, because I guarantee you the people that you work with have an idea in mind for how you can be a better performer. They are happy to tell you, but they're likely not going to offer that advice up unless you ask.

[0:21:39.8] MB: For people who are entrepreneurs, or are at the top of their organizations, how do they think about gathering that same feedback and parsing it for right down, would call it believability?

[0:21:49.8] ME: Sure. Well I think a couple of thoughts. One is if you're a solo entrepreneur, then your customers are probably the people you should ask. These are the ones we're going to have the most interaction with you, or investors if they're a component of your ecosystem. If you're at the top of the house, it's a lot more challenging. If you were a CEO, or a C-suite member, then there are a lot of people who spend their time sucking up to you, and they're not going to give you accurate insights and information about what you could do differently. They're going to tell you how great you are.

Even when you beg with them to be honest, they likely won't be. Simple 360 feedback tools are very helpful in doing that. For those of you who aren't familiar with the 360, it's simply asking people around you in a structured survey hey, on the dimension of communication, how does Marc do? On the dimension of explaining strategy, how does Marc do?

Getting some structured feedback that way sometimes can get more honest and practical information back to an individual. For entrepreneurs, I'd go to customers first. For somebody who's at the top of the house, if you don't think Walter is going to be super honest with you, then let’s start with some a structured tool that makes it feel a bit more anonymous and maybe a bit more safe because of that.

[0:23:05.1] MB: This week when I opened up my mailbox, I found another epic surprise waiting for me. That's why I love our sponsor for this episode Bespoke Post. This month's box of awesome had some serious goodies; an incredible and beautiful utility knife from Barebones along with a few other surprises. This thing is like a five-in-one tool that's going to be incredible on my next hunting trip. I want to thank Bespoke Post for bringing the awesome once again.

You can open up your world to new and exciting experiences like this by visiting boxofawesome.com. That's all you have to do to get started is to visit boxofawesome.com and answer a few short questions. This will help you get a feel for what boxes you like and what goes with you and your style. Whether you're in search for the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, jet-setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time.

Everything in their boxes goes for under 50 bucks, but often has more than $70 worth of unique gear waiting inside of it. The first of each month, you get an e-mail with all the box details and then you have five days to change colors, sizes, add extra goodies, or if you're not feeling it, just skip that box.

They've got some really cool stuff. There's an amazing bomber jacket that I've actually had my eye on that Austin just got that looks really, really cool. Limited edition cigars, bags dopp kits, all kinds of amazing goodies.

To receive 20% off of your first subscription box, just go to boxofawesome.com and enter the code success at checkout. That's boxofawesome.com, code word success for 20% off of your first box.

Bespoke Post, themed boxes for guys that give a damn.

[0:24:49.2] MB: Let's shift back. I know we went down that rabbit hole, which I think was really fruitful. I want to come back to the larger structure of the steps to high performance and begin with as you touch on a little bit the first step which you talked about is having big goals and how do we think about that and tell me a little bit more about the science behind that.

[0:25:09.1] ME: Sure. There is such incredibly strong science around goal-setting, how to set goals, what do we get from goals. It's amazing how many companies and how many leaders aren't as good at this as they could be. When we talk about setting big goals in the book, there are really two components; one is just what it sounds like. How could you maximize your performance by increasing the stretch of what you're trying to achieve?

Now, that doesn't mean necessarily working harder. It might, but it doesn't necessarily mean that. What it says is you're probably already incredibly busy. You're doing lots of things, but are you focusing on the two, or at most three big things that are truly going to make the largest contribution to your organization?

Is your daily life organized around here, the three big rocks I need to roll this year and while I have 30 other things to do, I know I need to get these three things done because that's what's going to contribute most to my organization.

Asking yourself something as simple as what would it take for me to deliver twice in 2019 when I livered in 2018, I find is an amazingly helpful starting place. Now for most folks are going to roll their eyes and say there's no way I could do that. Cool, think through the question. If I had to deliver twice and figure out what delivery means, deliver twice what I delivered in 2018 and 2019, what would I need to do differently. I guarantee you it will bring clarity to your thinking.

Man, I probably need to stop wasting my time on X. We got this pet project, but it doesn't really contribute to one of those three big things. Wow, you know what? I probably need to improve my staff quality. I've let that one guy hang on. It will clarify your thinking amazingly well, and maybe you won't get to twice, but maybe you'll get to one and a half times your performance. Or heck, if you could increase your performance by 25%, I guarantee that your boss, or your customers, or others you work with would be thrilled. Part of it is simply saying, “Hey, what does a bigger goal look like?” I start by saying, “Well, how could you get to 2x what you do today?”

[0:27:24.0] MB: Is it possible to set goals that are too big, or overwhelming?

[0:27:28.5] ME: Yeah, there's always the chance that you're simply fooling yourself about the possibility of achieving a goal. There's probably a few different ways of looking at that. If there's no harm done, so if you're saying, “Hey, I sold a hundred widgets this year. I'm going to try and sell 200 widgets next year,” and you only end up selling a 150 widgets. Well wow, you did a great job.

If it's something where you say, “Hey, we're going to set a safety standard at a certain level,” but it turns out that's an unrealistic safety standard and people get injured because of it, then that's different. I think part of it is saying, “Is my big goal going to either be disengaging?” I just don't think I'm going to get there, so I'm not going to try hard. Or might it actually be harmful to myself, or to the company. I'm going to work myself to death, or it might increase the risk of the organization. Yet certainly possible to get to those levels, I would suggest most of us have a ton of stretch left on us that wouldn't get us anywhere near those points.

[0:28:31.1] MB: I love the question what would it take to deliver 2x next year? Are there other questions, or tools that you use maybe thinking around how do we determine, or select what those two to three big priorities are?

[0:28:44.8] ME: Sure. Well, I think a few things. One, if we're trying to figure out how do we leapfrog performance again, that one question to trusted folks that you work with, something like, “Hey, I would love to deliver twice where I delivered this year boss. What's the one thing you would want me to do differently that would get me closest to that goal?”

Again, getting to a focused outcome is incredibly helpful in these areas. It's really easy to get overwhelmed if you say what are three things, or five things, or eight things I can do differently? Here's where I want to go boss. I want to go from New York to Los Angeles faster than anybody else has ever gotten there. Tell me the one thing I could do that will help me to get there faster. Ask your boss, ask your high-performing peers. I guarantee you that they will give you very practical advice around that.

[0:29:36.2] MB: I think it’s a great question and really focuses things. It's funny, even thinking about actually asking that question there's a little bit of fear that comes up with that. How do you think about overcoming that piece of it?

[0:29:48.2] ME: Sure. Well, the starting point is the people you're talking to already have an answer waiting for you. It's not like they haven't thought of this before. They see mad at the watercooler and they think to themselves, “Hey, good guy, but I wish you would also do X, or I wish you would stop doing Y.” They already have the answer. They just haven't told you. You can either pretend that they don't have it, or you could say, “Hey, do you have any thoughts for me about how I can either do X, or stop doing Y to be an even higher performer?”

I think that's where a lot of us get wrap around the axle is that we think, “Oh, these people have never thought about me, or how I could do better. Therefore, I don't want to either surprise them, or cause them to be anxious by ask them a question about me.” I guarantee you, if you work with them, they have an idea about what they would like you to do differently going forward.

[0:30:37.0] MB: Such a great reframe and I think really clarifies. They're already thinking it about you. It's just a question of whether you can get that information and use it to improve yourself, or not.

[0:30:45.6] ME: Yeah. This is the classic and we see this a lot in the work that we do. If you give somebody a 360 feedback report and it might contain some things that are unpleasant, or uncomfortable and they hide it away in their desk drawer. I always tell them you're the last person to know this information. Everybody around you knows this, because they're the ones who filled in the 360. You putting it in your desk drawer actually doesn't hide that information from anybody.

Just starting with a view that hey, we're all fallible people, we can all improve at something, probably be a higher performer the sooner I know those things. Does it take some guts? Absolutely. Is there a potential for embarrassment? Absolutely. Ask yourself, how long would I like to wait before I have that information?

[0:31:29.4] MB: Great question. I want to I want to continue down and make sure we get to cover some of these other themes and ideas. The next concept you talk about is this notion of behaving to perform. Tell me a little bit more about that.

[0:31:39.7] ME: Sure. Well, I think that a lot of us think that we behave well at work, we're well intentioned, we show up doing what we think is right, but to what we were just talking about, it's likely that our behaviors aren't necessarily perfectly aligned to what it takes to be a high performer. It's helpful to look at the science and understand will the science tell us anything about what allows people to show up successfully at work in terms behaviors.

There is a lot of good science. Part of the challenge is there are many different ways to succeed, there are a limited number of ways to fail. That probably means there's two things we should think about; one, is there a particular set of behaviors given where my company is right now that are going to make me more successful than not? If we're in an entrepreneurial mode, are there certain things I need to do now? If we're a turnaround mode, are there certain things I need to do now that I might not naturally do?

Step one is understanding given where my company is, what are the specific behaviors that are going to help me be a higher performer? Perhaps more importantly is because we all tend to fail in very similar ways, understanding what we call derailleurs and there's actually a quick and easy little quiz in the book to figure out what your derailleurs are, it's actually your derailleurs that are going to hold you back in your career and hold you back from being a high performer.

The good news is that while there are many ways to fail, we can identify the limited number of ways you're likely to screw something up. If we can figure that out, this is all personality-based, once we can figure that out, it's very easy to say, “Hey, in this particular situation I'm probably more likely to do things that are going to screw things up and so I'm going to be aware of that and correct for that in advance.

A lot of the key point around behavior is simply understanding in your organization what are the few behaviors that matter most for performance right now, but then just as an individual understanding what is my personality give me in terms of derailleurs that I need to be aware of and correct for?

[0:33:42.9] MB: What are some of those common ways that people fail, or what are some of those derailleurs?

[0:33:48.2] ME: Well, an easy way to frame that is there are three buckets of behaviors that cause us derail. One bucket we would call moving away behaviors. Moving away. These are behaviors that are going to cause you to put distance between you and other people. It might be that you're passive-aggressive. You're going to say one thing in public and do something else in private. It might be that you're very shy, or reserved and so you don't really like to interact with people that much. These are all behaviors that are going to cause people to not want to connect with you. Obviously, that's going to probably lower your ability to be a high performer and certainly slow down your career growth.

They're moving away behaviors. They are moving against behaviors. Those moving against behaviors are going to be things that put you into other people spaces. Matt, if you and I are in a meeting, I'm going to make sure you hear all of my good ideas. Boy, I've got a lot of them. Why don't you just be patient while I tell you how smart I am? Or I might be the person who's waving at my hand around in team meetings, because I just need to make my point.

Things that really put you into other people's spaces and cause them to say, “I don't really want to spend a lot of time with this guy, or I don't see this person being able to perform at a higher level because of the way they're behaving right now.” There are those moving away behaviors, there are moving against behaviors. Then there are moving towards behaviors.

Moving towards behaviors, think of those as suck-up behaviors. Those are behaviors where you're really good at managing up, but you're not really good at managing down. The challenge for people who do that is you're seen as somebody who probably doesn't support your team well, you're seen as somebody who is probably more interested in their own career success and preserving the status quo, than challenging things, or representing your team member as well.

Those are the three buckets, but you can put almost all of the ways that people mess up at work into those three buckets. The good news is they're predictable. As I mentioned, we have a quickly quiz by one of the world's leading personality psychologists in our book, and there are obviously longer tests that you could take as well, but these are very predictable behaviors based on our personalities. Once we know what those behaviors are, once we know how we're likely to mess up at work, we can be aware of that and catch it before it happens.

[0:36:12.5] MB: I know this is a topic that you touch on a lot in the book, how do we think about the fixed components of our personality, or attributes versus the ones that are malleable or changeable?

[0:36:24.5] ME: Sure. Even the subtitle of the book Matt, is focused on what you can change and ignore the rest. Because I'm sure, we've all heard of our careers, people blaming things in their past for where they are professionally today. Well, I was brought up this way, or I didn't have this advantage.

Well, it's certainly understandable that some people are probably born on third base and think they hit a triple and some people are born with in great environments with great parents. We can't do a darn thing about that. There are certain fixed components of how we walk into work every day. Our personality is fixed, our intelligence is fixed. How we were brought up is fixed. The way we look, our height, our appearance is fixed. All of those things; intelligence, personalities, socio-economic background, our looks can influence performance and it's completely unfair. Let's state for the record, completely unfair, given that you cannot do a darn thing about any of that.

When you step into the working world, one of the few things that you can control which is what the eight steps are and what's the most effective path around that. I say in the book yeah, there are certainly people who are going to start the race a number of meters ahead of you. If they aren't as engaged, don't have as high of ambition, aren't as well prepared, you can pass them in that race. There's thousands of stories every year of people who are born with no meaningful advantage being higher performers.

This is basically saying don't necessarily stop fighting against the injustices that you might have suffered, but recognize here's where you are today. Given what you can control, what's the plan?

[0:38:04.8] MB: I think that's a great framework and especially this idea of focusing on things that are within your control and not really spending too much time or energy getting stuck on the factors that are beyond that.

[0:38:15.5] ME: Yeah. I mean, let's admit it, life sucks sometimes. Great. We'll admit that, then we'll move on. We all have things in our background that are advantageous and disadvantageous to us being higher performers. Cool. Given where you are right now listening to this podcast, what can you control and what's the next step you're going to take?

[0:38:34.6] MB: How do we think about as we move into that place of taking action and trying to grow and improve our abilities, thinking about the third step that you've outlined, which is growing yourself faster. How do we think about accelerating the growth of the really key factors to high performance?

[0:38:52.0] ME: Sure. Well, the great news is the science here is very clear that it's the experiences that we have that grow as fastest. Not that your education isn't valuable, it is a fantastic foundation. As I tell folks, I'm really glad that my position went to medical school, so he got his education. I'm even happier that he's had 30 years of practice, because if all he had was many years of schooling, I wouldn't let him near me.

That goes to experiences are what matters. The more big, challenging, scary, risky experiences you have, the faster you're going to learn. Every day you should think about am I in an experience right now? That might be your job, it might be a project you're on, but am I in an experience right now that I think is advancing me faster in my career than any other experience I can have? Because the more big challenging scary experiences you have faster, the faster you're going to grow, the faster you're going to be a high performer.

[0:39:54.6] MB: I love that question. I think it's so powerful and really another great clarifying question to think about the activities and things that you're focused on and whether they're truly pushing you to grow.

[0:40:07.5] ME: It's easy to get comfortable, Matt. We all like getting comfortable, I like getting comfortable. Sometimes you just say, “Man, haven't I tried hard enough long enough already?” Maybe, for high performers the answer is always, “Yeah, and I'm just going to do it again today.”

[0:40:24.2] MB: I mean, that's another common theme that we see again and again across many, many different fields of people that we interview on the show, that the more you embrace discomfort, or get comfortable being uncomfortable, the faster your growth is.

[0:40:38.7] ME: Yeah. Again, this all goes back to personal risks. I think most of what the science would say, most of us really overestimate downside risk and underestimate upside opportunity. Even to something as Bezos what we were talking about before, asking people around you how you can improve. The only real risk there is you might be personally slightly embarrassed by what you hear.

The upside benefit is massive. You might be able to remove a barrier that was causing you not to be able to move forward. A lot of this is simply we need to get out of our own ways and understand we can all get better, and the only way that's going to happen is by asking other people how we can do that.

[0:41:18.2] MB: It's funny, the very first episode that we ever did of the Science of Success many years ago is called The Biological Limits of the Human Mind. In that episode, we talked about how our evolutionary programming for millions of years has primed us to have certain mental shortcuts that can often usually work well and especially for the evolutionary environment, the hunter-gatherer world in which we evolved are really finely tuned. In often in today's world, those innate reactions, or mental shortcuts can cause serious problems.

I think that's a great example of one of them when we – especially with social risks, we often massively exaggerate the downside and really don't understand the real opportunities that are on the other side of it.

[0:42:00.7] ME: Even, let's take something as simple as networking and connecting, which outlines step four. For introverts like me, the thought of walking into a social event, walking up to somebody and introducing myself is about the least desirable way I could possibly spend my time. I know that the downside risk is one, that I might be a little bit embarrassed, or maybe I'll say something slightly stupid. The upside benefit is huge, but more importantly the science would say almost everybody in that room is thinking the exact same thing.

I'm not in a room full of a wonderfully successful extroverts who just can't wait to talk to me. I'm probably in a room full of people just like me. That should give most folks comfort that yeah, I might feel a little bit awkward, but the person I'm speaking will probably feel the same way and we'll both feel less awkward together once that conversation actually starts.

[0:42:54.5] MB: I'd be curious, coming back to this idea that you should be putting yourself in experiences that are advancing you as best possible, or creating the best possible growth experiences for you, I'd be curious if you're willing to talk about to dig in a little bit around some of the science and the research behind that, because I found that to be a really fascinating conclusion.

[0:43:13.8] ME: Sure. The whole experiences pieces, relatively new I guess in the field of science. This is something that Bob Eichinger and Mike Lombardo went back at the Center for Creative Leadership, I think of the late 70s, early 80s came up with really by researching successful executives, and really understanding what had allowed successful executives to move faster than those who had either plateaued, or who have been unsuccessful.

What they really identified was it was the quality and the diversity and the challenge of the experiences that those executives had had, and as importantly, their ability to learn from those experiences. It's one thing to throw Marc into four challenging experiences, but if my brain can't process the learnings from them, I'm no better after those four than I was before. Step one is you put people in those big challenging experiences, but step two is either if you're somebody's boss or if you have the discipline to do it yourself, coming out of that experience to say what are the few big things I really learned from this and what am I going to be doing differently in the future because of that?

Ideally even, asking those questions before the experience. If I say, “Hey, I'm going to take this big new job.” It's scary and it's a little risky, what are the three things that I'm taking this job to prove to myself, or taking this job to learn? Type that somewhere, tuck it away and revisit it once a quarter. Okay, I hope to learn these three big things. Am I learning them? Am I learning them at the pace that I want to? Are they still the right three things to learn?

Structuring those experiences, not simply throwing yourself into a series of different things is going to be the best way to extract the learning from it. It is I would say good solid science isn't as conclusive as some of the other things that I talk about in the book. Nope. I think most of us in this field have found is it seems it proves itself true even if we don't have the belt-and-suspenders level of meta analytical confidence we’d like to torn out of.

[0:45:24.0] MB: One other thing from some of your previous work that I found to be really fascinating that I thought in many ways ties some of these ideas together was the cake story. I just wondered if you could share that anecdote as just a simple lesson for thinking about execution and high performance.

[0:45:39.8] ME: I would be happy to share the cake story, Matt. The cake story begins with a leading business magazine, publishing what it says is conclusive research, that if a CEO makes and serves cake to his or her staff, that their performance will increase. Humor me on this one.

Two CEOs read this article. They're convinced that if they make and serve cake to their staff, that their performance will increase. They're both very excited about doing this, but neither of them has ever made a cake before. They each turned to their HR leader and asked for some help and coming up with a great cake-making and serving plan.

At the first company, this HR leader is very excited about this task and he decides to go on a big benchmarking expedition and flies around the world to interview companies who makes great cakes and to interview renowned bakers, and he hires McKinsey to do a multi-million dollar benchmarking study on making great cakes. When he's gathered all those data, he's come up with what's truly a brilliant cake-making plan.

On the day that it is his turn to present this plan, he gets a big push cart, like the ones you get at Costco and he loads up on that push cart, 212 ingredients, a 500-page instruction manual, 38 pans and an industrial-strength oven. He pushes into his boss's office and he says, “Boss, this will allow you to make a world-class cake.”

The CEO is very committed to the core concept, make cake to increase performance and engagement, but what's in front of him looks rather involved and he asks the HR leader if there is another way of doing this. The HR leader sighs and rolls his eyes and explains to the CEO that he has benchmarked all of the best companies around the world. In fact, this is the same cake-making plan that Google uses.

His boss thanks him for the effort, shows him from the office, but he looks at what's laid out in front of him and realizes that as committed as he is to this core concept, bake cake, serve cake to increase engagement, this is just too involved. He's not going to get it done. CEO doesn't make the cake, performance decreases, the company suffers.

Now over the second company, the HR leader is just as excited about this task, but she decides instead of a big benchmarking expedition, she is going to go back to the core science of making cakes, just to make sure she understands the fundamentals really well. In doing that, she recognizes there were only seven ingredients required to make a cake. She gathers those seven ingredients together and she's about to walk into her boss's office to present her plan and she thinks to herself, “Now my CEO has never made a cake before, even with these seven simple ingredients he's going to screw something up somehow. How can I add some value to this? How can I make life a little bit easier?”

She looks at the dry ingredients that are in front of her, the flour, the sugar, the baking soda and she decides she'll mix those ingredients together into essentially a cake mix. She takes that cake mix and a cup of milk, one egg, one pan and a one-page instruction manual into her boss's office and says, “This boss will allow you to meet the core business goal of making and serving cake to your staff to increase engagement.” The CEO is pleased. He makes the cake, performance increases, the company prospers.

If that story sounds a little silly to you, just substitute whatever the most recent leadership fad is that you're familiar with and ask yourself is that really the simplest most straightforward way to get the job done? The challenge and the whole point of the story, Matt, is that we grossly overcomplicate what it takes to be a high performer. The fundamentals are in front of us. The fundamentals are incredibly well-proven by the science. We just simply need to understand and then flawlessly execute those fundamentals.

[0:49:49.5] MB: It's a great anecdote and I think underscores the core principle in many ways that you've shared throughout this interview. I'm curious, for listeners who want to concretely implement some of the themes and ideas that you've talked about on the show today, what would be a piece of homework that you would give to them as a concrete action step to start taking action on this?

[0:50:10.3] ME: Sure. Well, I think all great action starts with some assessment of where we are today. You're not going to get to a destination, unless you know where you're starting from. To me, the starting point is simply how do I think I currently compare against these eight steps? Ideally, you'd buy the book understand that. If you don't want to buy the book, just go to the website, theeightsteps.com, read through the eight steps and simply rate yourself on a one to three scale, three I'm fantastic, two I've got some work to do, one I'm pretty horrible.

Even with a fast assessment like that, understand what your one, underscore one priority should be going forward. Then back to what we've talked about earlier, ask a few folks around you, “Hey, I'd love to be better at connecting with others. Do you have one suggestion for what I could do to be better at doing that?” I guarantee you those two simple steps are going to put you in a really good path to high performance.

[0:51:08.3] MB: For listeners who want to find out more, do some homework and find you and your work online, what's the best place to do that?

[0:51:14.5] ME: The best place is that same website, theeightsteps.com. Or if you just want to read a lot of what I've written before, you can go to our corporate website, which is talentstrategygroup.com.

[0:51:26.1] MB: Marc, thank you so much for coming on the show, sharing all this wisdom and sharing a really beautifully simple framework for thinking about the fundamentals of high performance.

[0:51:35.1] ME: My pleasure, Matt. Best of luck to all of your listeners for being even higher performers.

[0:51:40.6] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


October 04, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
Dr. Gabriele Oettingen-01.png

The Shocking Counter-Intuitive Science Behind The Truth of Positive Thinking with Dr. Gabriele Oettingen

September 27, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Emotional Intelligence, Focus & Productivity

In this episode we discuss the shocking truth about the dangers of positive thinking. Is it always good to visualize your goals? Could there be potential downsides to daydreams and fantasies about the future? How can we identify what stands in the way of our goals and take concrete action to get there? We look at these questions and much more, along with a proven evidence-based methodology for creating effective behavior change - to actually achieve what you want - with our guest Dr. Gabriele Oettingen

Dr. Gabriele Oettingen is a Professor of Psychology at New York University and the University of Hamburg. She is the creator of the WOOP process and author of the book Rethinking Positive Thinking: Inside The New Science of Motivation. Her work has been featured in The Harvard Business Review, NPR’s Hidden Brain, and much more!

  • Positive thinking must be positive, right?

  • The shocking and counter-intuitive science behind the truth about positive thinking

  • The myth of “positive thinking” and “being optimistic” is very seductive - but it can be dangerous and misleading

  • Positive fantasies and daydreams about the future can be very helpful when we think about improving our mood - but when it comes to actually executing and creating results, positive fantasies can have a serious negative impact on our behavior and our results

  • Should (or can) we dismiss positive fantasies and daydreams?

  • Positive fantasies and daydreams are important because they give our action a direction to move in, and yet they impede actually taking action in that direction?

  • Why is it that positive fantasies and dreams stop us from achieving our goals? 

  • Positive fantasies make you feel like you’ve already attained the desired future and the impression that you’re already there

  • Studies show that inducing positive fantasies about the future causes a drop in energy and motivation

  • Positive fantasies and daydreams sap our energy for moving towards our goals

  • Mental Contrasting of the Positive Future and the Inner Obstacles of Reality standing in the way of that positive future

  • What is it in me that stands in the way of realizing my goals?

  • Emotions

    1. Anxiety

    2. Irrational Beliefs / Limiting Beliefs

    3. Bad Habits

  • By identifying your inner obstacles you will understand if you want to, or if you can, overcome it 

  • You need energy and motivation to overcome your obstacles

  • The difference between a fantasy, a daydream, and a goal 

  • Mental contrasting helps you prioritize your goals and figure out the right ones to pursue 

  • The myth of “positive thinking” and “being optimistic” is very seductive - but it can be dangerous and misleading

  • Most of our wishes are more challenging, difficult, and complicated than we think they are

  • Sheer positive visualization won’t help you get to your goals, and may be harming you and making it less likely for you to achieve your goals 

  • Positive visualization creates a measurable physical change in your body that makes you less likely to the action and create results 

  • The idea that you have an obstacle in the way will stir up the energy necessary to overcome your obstacles

  • Thinking about your obstacles will produce strategies that will help you overcome your obstacles

  • The Conscious Exercise of Mental Contrasting triggers nonconscius processes and the conscious processes do the work

  • The work of Mental Contrasting builds associative links to the subconscious that produces the behavior change necessary to achieve your goals

  • 3 Key Processes that predict effective behavior change 

  • Cognitive associate link between obstacle and behavior - Reinterpretation of reality based on this framework

    1. Energization towards your goals

    2. You can effectively process feedback towards your goals without your self esteem or ego being hurt

  • Conscious work of Mental Contrasting leads to automatic subconscious behavior changes

  • You can complement Mental Contrasting with If/Then Plans called implementation intentions

  • If I encounter ___OBSTACLE___ then I will ___SOLUTION

  • The combination of Mental Contrasting + Implementation Intentions it the “WOOP” Strategy

  • Wish

    1. Outcome (imagine)

    2. Obstacle (imagine)

    3. Plan (if/then)

  • It only takes 5-10 mins to apply the WOOP methodology - 5-10 mins of concentrated focus

  • Slow

    1. Uninterrupted

    2. Focused

    3. By yourself

  • WOOP builds the subconscious framework that creates the behaviors that result in action

  • WOOP is a skill you can learn and its different because it draws on automatic subconscious processes to create behavioral change

  • How to Your wish needs to be both challenging and feasible

  • WOOP is a discovery tool - dig a little deeper into your wishes - what is it really that stands in the way?

  • Implementation Intentions - if situation X arises, I will do Y

  • Implementation are a research validated strategy for linking your obstacles with key behaviors to make sure you implement/execute your plan

  • Homework: WOOP for yourself (details on woopmylife.org)

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

bp-logotype-blue-rgb_720 copy.png

This week’s episode is brought to you by Bespoke Post and their monthly Box Of Awesome! The team at Bespoke Post are always out scouting for quality and unique products to send people just like you each month! Whether you’re in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, or jet-setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time.

For a limited time, you can get your first box for 20% off by entering the code "SUCCESS"at checkout! Each box costs under $50 but has over $70 work of unique gear waiting inside!

This week we’re loving the custom Terra Box! It's time to get your hands dirty! Whether you're working or wandering, weekends spent outdoors are better when you've got gear that can keep up. This kit has your back!

Screenshot 2018-09-26 at 9.00.02 PM.png

From barrel-aging kits to limited edition cigars, weekender bags, jackets to classy Dopp Kits, Bespoke Post offers the essential goods and guidance for the modern man. Don’t want a box that month, no problem. Opt-out on months you don’t want or need a box at no cost to you!

We’ve been customers for years and love getting our box each month, you will too!

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [Website] WOOP My Life

  • [Website] About WOOP

  • [Website] Science of WOOP

  • [Article] Implementation Intentions by Peter M. Gollwitzer and Gabriele Oettingen

Episode Transcript

[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[00:00:11] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success, the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than 2 million downloads, listeners in over a hundred countries and part of the Self-Help for Smart People Podcast Network. 

In this episode, we discuss the shocking truth about the dangers of positive thinking. Is it always good to visualize your goals? Could there be potential downsides to daydreams and fantasies about the future? How can we identify what stands in the way of our goals and take concrete action to get there? We look at these questions and much more along with the proven evidence-based methodology for creating effective behavior change to actually achieve what you want with our guest, Dr. Gabriele Oettingen. 

Do you need more time; time for work time, for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life, time to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our email list. It's called How You Can Create Time for the Things That Really Matter in Life. You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the email list at successpodcast.com.

You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our email subscribers. We recently pre-released an episode in an interview to our email subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience. That had tremendous implications, because there is a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first. With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live exclusive interview, just for e-mail subscribers.

There's some amazing stuff that's available only to email subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the email list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. Or, if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44222. That's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222.

In our previous episode, we went deep on the science of performing under pressure. We looked at why some people perform under pressure and others don’t. We discussed the skill of flexibility and fluid intelligence, explored the differences between stress and pressure. Looked at the concrete strategies for managing both of those in your life and much more with our previous guest; Dr. Hank Weisinger. 

If you want to learn how to perform when it matters most, listen to that episode. Now, for our interview with Gabrielle. 

[00:02:55] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show, Dr. Gabriele Oettingen. Gabriele is a professor of psychology at New York University and the University of Hamburg. She’s the creator of the WOOP process and the author of the book; Rethinking Positive Thinking: Inside the New Science of Motivation. Her work has been featured in the Harvard Business Review, NRP’s Hidden Brain and much more. 

Gabriele, welcome to the Science of Success.  

[00:03:19] GO: Thank you for having me. 

[00:03:21] MB: Well, we’re very excited to have you on the show today, and I’m really pumped to dig in to the kind of research and the conclusions that you’ve uncovered, which I think kind of go against a lot of these sort of traditional kind of conventional wisdom of much of kind of the self-help world. 

[00:03:37] GO: Yeah. At the beginning, it was interesting, because our findings were counterintuitive, and actually it went against our own expectations. We thought positive thinking must be positive, but then when we did our first studies, we found that positive thinking actually can be detrimental when it comes to realizing these positive daydreams and fantasies which we have for the future. 

So positive thinking in terms of daydreams and fantasies and visions about the future can be very helpful when it comes to increasing our mood or exploring all the different possibilities we might have for the future. But when it comes to fulfilling our wishes and to reaching our fantasies, then they are detrimental. 

For example, we found the more positively women who were involved in a weight reduction program fantasized and daydreamt about their success in the program the less well they did later on. Three months later, they lost fewer pounds. One year later, they lost fewer pounds, and even two years later. 

But also in other areas, in the academic area, in the professional area, in the interpersonal area, and the house area. For example, the more positively university graduates fantasized about a good transition in work-life, the fewer dollars they earned two years later, the fewer job offers they had gotten. What is interesting, the fewer applications they had sent out, or the more positively students fantasized about a good grade in the exam, the less well they did. Or in the interpersonal domain, the more positively students fantasized about getting together with a person they had a crush on, the less likely they were to actually get together with that person. Or with the elderly in the house domain, the more positively hip replacements surgery, patients fantasized about an easy recovery. The less well could they move their joint two weeks later, the less well was their general recovery and the fewer steps they could actually walk. 

It seems as pleasurable as these fantasies and these daydreams are, they are a risk for not actually reaching our fantasies and daydreams. Then we thought, “Oh my! What shall we do? Shall we just dismiss these positive fantasies and daydreams, or we can’t really?” Because these positive fantasies and daydreams, they come from our needs. 

When you have a need, meaning you have a deficiency. For example, you don’t have enough water. Then you suddenly start fantasizing about getting to the water fountain, about drinking a nice fresh glass of water. So we did experimental studies where we compared with the people with the need, let’s say for water, would fantasize more positively about drinking water than people who would have a need in a different area, and that’s exactly what we found. 

You can also do it with psychological needs. For example, if you deprive people of meaning, they will fantasize about a meaningful job. Or if you deprive people of interpersonal relationships, they suddenly fantasize about meeting a friend. So we cannot dismiss these positive fantasies and daydreams because they give action the direction. But why do they then impede the realization of these fantasies? 

We did some studies for that question too. We asked, “Why is it that these positive fantasies actually kind of stand against attaining them in the future?” We found that these positive fantasies make people feel already having attained the future. They positively fantasized and visualize the positive future in their mind, and that gives them the impression that they’re already there. They’re already in the goal box, if you want. If you are already there, what do you do? You relax. So energy goes down. 

With these studies, for example, where we induced positive fantasies about the future as compared to negative fantasies, or questioning fantasies, or factual thoughts, or no thoughts at all, and we found that when you induce these positive fantasies, that people actually relaxed. They feel less energized. You can also measure that by blood pressure. So systolic blood pressure goes down, meaning these positive fantasies give action the direction, but they sap our energy. 

Then the next question was, “What can we do so that people who positively fantasize about the future get the energy of actually going the cumbersome way to reach these positive fantasies and daydreams?” Now, what will be the answer to that question? The answer to that questions might be they say compliment these positive fantasies and daydreams with a healthy sense of reality. That’s actually then how we proceed at this research. We said, “Okay, what you need to do is you can make people fantasize about the future and positively visualize all these desired events.” But then you need to make them aware that they’re not already there.  How can you do that? You just sort of ask them to find and imagine the obstacle in the way, the obstacle in themselves that stand in the way that they actually go the cumbersome way or realizing these positive daydreams and fantasies. 

What you need to do is what we call mental contrasting, mental contrasting of the positive future and the inner obstacle of reality standing in the way of attaining the positive future. If you do that, so you think about, “What do I really want of the future? What is my dearest wish? What is it that I want? Not what other people want me to do necessarily. What I want? What do I want for the future?” Then you identify this wish and you summarize it in a couple of words. 

Then you say in order to really stir up these positive energies, you say, “What would be the best outcome if I realized that wish? What would be the best thing? How would I feel?” Then you identify the best outcome, and then you imagine that best outcome, and that’s exactly this positive fantasies and daydreams, which we’re just talking about.

Instead of stopping there and indulging in these positive fantasies, you now change gears and you say, “What is it in me that stands in the way that I realize this dear wish and that I experience the positive outcome? What stops me? What is it in me that impedes me? What is my main inner obstacle?” 

That’s neat, because now you want to stand, what is it in your way, and it might be an emotion, anxiety. It might be an irrational belief. Somebody said at some point something about you which you took to heart. It might be a bad habit. Just these kind of automatic things you do. But by identifying what it is in you that stands in the way, you will find that inner obstacle. What you do then, imagine, you imagine that inner obstacle occurring. You will understand what you can do to overcome that obstacle and you will also understand that you need energy to overcome that obstacle, and you will understand whether it’s worthwhile to overcome that obstacle. 

So by identifying that inner obstacle, you will understand whether you actually want to overcome it and whether you actually can overcome it. If it’s not too costly and you can overcome it, you will now fully commit to realizing your wish and experiencing that outcome. So now you have a goal. You don’t have a kind of uncommittal wish anymore. Now you have a goal. You say, “Okay. Yes! That’s what I want to go for. That’s what I really want.” 

But if the obstacle is too costly or simply not surmountable, then you will say, “Hmm, maybe I should adjust the wish a little bit. Not 7 times in the week exercise, for example, but maybe just 4 times. You say, “Well, at the moment, it’s not a good time, because I’m in the end of my exams. But as soon as the exams are over, then it would be a better point in time.” 

Or you will say, “This is just too costly, or it’s simply not surmountable,” and then you can let go and say, “Okay, I invest my energy in more promising endeavors and not in trying to reach a wish that is not attainable after all.” 

So what mental contrasting does, it helps you prioritize your wishes, and commit to those and pursue those that are dear to your hear and are feasible and de-commit or not pursue those goals or those wishes that are either too costly, not opportune in your life right now, or are simply not reachable. 

Mental contrasting helps you to clean up your life to say, “Yes! This is what I really want. Yes! Let’s go for it. And this is what I better let go.” That’s the reason why it is a need, because you get clarity about what you want and what you can do and where you want to put your energy and your resources in.

[00:16:03] MB: There’s a couple of places I want to dig in, and there are so many different things that you’ve brought up that I want to explore further. Kind of coming back to the original premise, which I find really fascinating, you basically set out to discover the benefits of positive thinking and yet sort of counter to your own expectations or predications about what your research would show, your work kind of started to peel back the layers and reveal that in many instances the science shows that our daydreams and our fantasies can actually negatively impact our progress towards our goals. 

[00:16:33] GO: Yes, exactly. That’s so counterintuitive not only because prior research has not focused on that, but it’s also counter our culture that we can think, “Oh! Positive visions, positive kind of fantasies, daydreams, they’re always good.” Not necessarily. It depends on for what? Yes, for mood, for exploratory reasons, they’re good. You feel good. They’re pleasurable. But at the same time, they bare the danger that you will never get it.  

[00:17:11] MB: So how did we kind of come up with this or kind of land with this cultural myth that we should think positive, that we should be optimistic, that all of the kind of traditional or typical kind of jargon that you’ll see in many self-help books and a lot of personal development literature, how did we end up with that and how do we kind of move beyond it? 

[00:17:34] GO: Well I wish I could have an imperative answer to that. I certainly don’t, because I don’t know how these myths developed overtime in history in our culture. But it’s very seductive to think that just by positively fantasizing about the future, you would already reach the positive future. It’s so seductive to think you could reach the positive future without actually going the cumbersome way to reaching it. Most of our wishes are more complex and they are more difficult to reach than just stretching out the hand and doing it. 

Now, you could say, “Well, you don’t need mental contrasting if the wish is super easy, or if you can just do it automatically.” Then you don’t need it. But as soon as a wish a little bit more difficult, needs a little bit more effort, needs a little bit more complex thinking to be reached, then sheer positive visualizing will just not bring this future to you. 

[00:18:51] MB: So tell me a little bit more about kind of the mechanism by which this sort of positive visualization or daydreaming and positive thinking starts to kind of sap our energy or prevent us or slow us down from sort of achieving our goals and dreams.

[00:19:08] GO: Well, what we find is that people who are positively fantasizing, versus those who are induced to negatively fantasize or produce questioning fantasies or produce factual thoughts and just experimentally induced, that these positive fantasies, which are induced, that they lead people to relax. This is actually measurable by feelings and by systolic blood pressure. We find that people feel already there. They mentally feel themselves already in place. That’s what we then kind of disturb by doing mental contrasting. We interrupt that, “Oh! I’m already there,” by putting in the obstacle of reality and say, “Hmm, what is standing in the way that you are already in the goal box, if you want? What is that in your way?” 

By making people aware what it is that stands in the way, we can actually interrupt that complacency that people have when they just kind of go on the little visualization journey into the future. The idea that you have an obstacle in the way, then will stir up the energy to overcome that obstacle. The resistance which we put in by making people aware that there is an obstacle in them will produce this energy to overcome that obstacle, and it will produce, when you think about the obstacle, it will produce strategies that are opportune to overcome that obstacle. It doesn’t matter whether this obstacle is kind of emotional, or whether it is an irrational belief, or whether it is a bad habit or so, it produces anyway these strategies to overcome that obstacle. 

In mental contrasting, the non-contrast processes that actually produced the behavior change, produced the prioritization, and then the active unsuccessful pursuit of the goal and the let go of the wish. These mechanism, they are non-contrast. That is really neat, because mental contrasting is a counterstrategy. Okay, you define the wish, you define the best outcome, you imagine the best outcome, you define the inner obstacle, you imagine the inner obstacle. What then happens is if you have an surmountable wish, then non-contrastly, meaning outside of your awareness, the future will be connected to the obstacle of reality. The obstacle of reality will be connected to the behavior to overcome the obstacle. 

So these associative links are triggered by the contrast technique of mental contrasting, and these associative links are completely uttered of people’s awareness and they then predict the behavior change. They are the mediators of behavior change. 

What happens then also is that people automatically, without that they know, will understand that the reality is an obstacle. So the party on Sunday night or Saturday night is now an obstacle to doing well on the exam on Tuesday. It’s not a fun anymore. We interpret it in non-contrast terms as an obstacle, rather than a fun party. 

The idea really is that these conscious exercise triggers these non-contrast processes, and these non-contrast processes then do the job for you. What then happens too is that the energy goes up, and we measure that again by systolic blood pressure. When you do mental contrasting of a feasible wish, then the systolic blood pressure goes up and it predicts then the increased effort and the increased success. 

What happens then as a third component is that when you get setbacks or when somebody criticizes you or have negative feedback, that you process that negative feedback really well, so you get all the information out of these negative feedback. So you don’t take it personally. Meaning, you are not defensive. You’re not defensive. You take the negative feedback. You take the setbacks and helpful, useful information to reach your wish. 

These three processes; one, cognitive, associatively between future and the obstacle in between the obstacle, and the behavior to overcome the obstacle. The reinterpretation of the reality as, “Oh! This is an obstacle. The second component of mechanisms is the energization. So that’s motivational. First cognitive, second motivation, more energy. Now I have the energy ready to help me reach my wish. Then the third component or the third mechanism is that I can effectively process the feedback, the kind of setbacks, and I will process them without that myself concept or my self-esteem is hurt. 

All these three processes will the predict the behavior change. So it is as if you automatize your behavior. So you do the conscious exercise that leads you to automatically behave in a way that you do what needs to be done to reach your wishes, or also to let go from your wishes. So you can actually rely on these processes, which you aren’t even aware of. That’s neat, because if you apply it, you do the strategy of mental contrasting, then you realize that you’re behaved in a way that you programmed yourself beforehand. So you kind of automatize yourself.  

What you can then do as well is you can complement this mental contrasting with if/then plans. This is a strategy which has been discovered by Peter Gollwitzer, implementation intentions in the scientific literature, or if/then plans. So what you do then is you take your obstacle after you have imagined that and then you ask yourself, “What can I do to overcome that obstacle?” and you think about an effective action or an effective thought and you formulate that and you put it in front of your eyes. Then you make an if/then plan. You say, “If,” and then you imagine the obstacle, “then I will,” and then you imagine the behavior to overcome obstacle. 

The combination of mental contrasting and the implementation intentions is what we call WOOP, which is a four-step strategy, which contains find a wish that is dear to your heart. Your wish, what is really important to you? Find the best outcome. How would you feel? What’s the best outcome? Imagine the best outcome. Find the inner obstacle that is standing in the way and imagine that inner obstacle. Then find the behavior to overcome the obstacle and make an if/then plan. If obstacle, then I will behavior to overcome obstacle, and that’s WOOP. You can apply WOOP wherever you are. You just need about 5 to 10 minutes of quiet. Actually, you can also do WOOP in a New York subway, where it’s really loud. That doesn’t matter. But it needs to be kind of background noise. You can’t do anything else. Because if you know from our research, it takes mental effort. 

So from our neuropsychology research, we know it draws on the processes that are typical for mental effort. So you can’t do emails or you can’t talk to anybody apart from doing WOOP. WOOP means you take 5 or 10 minutes and they’re just for you and everything else can wait. You need to be slow. Because WOOP is an imagery technique, you need to be slow, otherwise you can’t produce the imagery, and you need to be interrupted. 

Again, you can do it in the New Your subway, but you need to be interrupted. You need to be slow and just for yourself. Everything else can wait. Then you go through these four steps. By going through with outcome, imagine. Obstacle, imagine. The plan, if obstacle, then I will behavior to overcome obstacle, you trigger these automatic processes. They do the behavior change without that you are even aware. 

So I will every day, for example, in the morning, I WOOP my wishes for the day. You can WOOP life-changing wishes. But you can also WOOP every day more [inaudible 00:29:36] wishes. Then I go through the day, I WOOP maybe one, or two or three of these wishes in different areas of my life. Then I go through the day, and then in the evening I think, “What did I do today?” Very often, I think, “Oh! I’m surprised how well this meeting went,” or “I really had a good interaction with my colleague,” or “I really finished this paper,” or something. Then I remember, “Oh! This is what I WOOP’ed this morning.” 

So you actually act automatically without that you’ve realized that you do what is in the service of your wish fulfillment. 

[00:30:22] MB: This week when I opened up my mailbox, I found another epic surprise waiting for me, and that’s why I love our sponsor for this episode, Bespoke Post. This month’s box of awesome had some serious goodies, and incredible and beautiful utility knife from Barebones, along with a few other surprises. This thing is like a 5-in-1 tool that’s going to be incredible on my next hunting trip, and I want to thank Bespoke Post for bringing the awesome once again. 

You can open up your world to new and exciting experiences like this by visiting boxofawesome.com. That’s all you have to do to get started is to visit boxofawesome.com and answer a few short questions. This will help you get a feel for what kind of boxes you like and what goes with you and your style. 

Whether you’re in search of the perfect drink, a well-kept pad, jet setting in style, Bespoke Post improves your life one box at a time. Everything in their boxes goes for under 50 bucks, but often has more than $70 worth of unique gear waiting inside of it. 

The first of each month, you get an email with all the box details, and then you have five days to change colors, sizes, add extra goodies, or if you’re not feeling it, just skip that box. They’ve got some really cool stuff. There’s an amazing bomber jacket that I’ve actually had my eye on that Austin just got that looks really, really cool. Limited edition cigars, bags, dopp kits, all kinds of amazing goodies. 

To receive 20% off of your first subscription box, just go to boxofawesome.com and enter the code SUCCESS at checkout. That’s boxofawesome.com, code word SUCCESS for 20% off of your first box. Bespoke Post; themed boxes for guys that give a damn. 

[00:32:06] MB: I want to come back to the kind of core components of the WOOP framework before we get into kind of some examples of maybe how to use it, the two kind of component pieces I think are really important and I’d like to dig in to each of them. Kind of coming back to this idea of mental contrasting, I think it’s a really powerful point that you’re making that this idea of using sort of the tool of mental contrasting, which is a conscious exercise that we sort of spend time and focus on, we can actually start to, kind of as you said, build the associative links to the subconscious that are ultimately going to kind of lay the foundation and the groundwork for sort of automatic behaviors changes down the road. Is that correct?

[00:32:46] GO: Yes, that’s correct. That’s exactly it. That’s why it is so different from other behavior change strategies which focus more on increasing the attractiveness of behavior change or increasing the self-efficacy that I can do it, or which focus on framing, learning goals versus the performance goals, in Carol Dweck’s work, for example, or which focus on social comparison processes. In the alcohol literature sometimes, people use social comparison that they say, “Yeah, other people drink less than you.” Then people kind of for a certain time get a little scared and they drink also less until they get together with their buddies again. 

But these other behavior change strategies, they might be effective too. But WOOP is really different, because WOOP draws on the automatic processes. Because it draws on the automatic processes, it has a chance against the automatic processes which are already in place. Meaning, you build new goal habits by replacing the bad old habits. Habits, yeah, they’re automatic. But you can only change these automatic processes, these bad habits, by having processes that are kind of strong and non-conscious as well, because these habits are non-conscious processes and you need to have other kind of non-conscious processes which goes against them. That’s the reason why this is so neat, especially when it comes to more complicated behavior change problems such as you have some substance obvious, or kind of bad habits, like whatever the bad habits, interpersonal habits, or kind of personal habits, or also work habits, like procrastination or interpersonal habits, that you get really angry or strong impulses that you want to, “Ugh!” eat the chocolate cake. It is neat, because you instill automatic processes that have a chance against the automatic processes, which are already in place in your life.  

In don’t want to say anything against the other behavior change strategies. They have been proven effective too. But WOOP is different because it draws from automatic processes, because it’s a skill you can learn, like riding the bicycle, or swimming, or riding, or whatever. It’s a skill, which you can learn, and the more you practice WOOP, the better you get, the more expert you get. You can WOOP any wish you have, in the academic domain, in the professional domain, in the interpersonal domain, in the house and fitness domain, any wish qualifies, long-term, short-term, trivial, non-trivial, whatever. 

The only thing you need to do is you need to have these 5 or 10 minutes and then you need to say, “What is the wish that I really would like to fulfill for myself that is a little challenging, but feasible?” If you do that, if you identify this wish – Actually, WOOP is a very good way of understanding what you really want, because it asks you for a wish, and it asks you not for any kind of wish, “What do you want?” No. It asks you, “What do you want?” because when you actually answer this question, then you understand what your needs are. These wishes come from our needs. So you actually have a chance to really sort of give in to your needs. Then by understanding the outcome, the best outcome, you can really imagine the wish fulfillment, and that’s important, because you need this passion. You need this passion for the future. 

WOOP only works for wishes that are dear to your heart. So you need to identify a wish that is dear to your heart, the outcome, imagine the outcome. That’s the first step. That’s really sort of you anchor your wish in the sky. You anchor it in the future. Then you ask yourself, “In me, what is in the way?” 

Why do we kind of instruct people to ask in me? Because if you have the external obstacles, you can’t change them. You can’t change your boss, you can’t change your company, you can’t change your context, you can’t change all of these things. You can’t change the weather when it comes to fitness. But you can change how you react to your boss, your company, the weather, whatever. By understanding what is it in me that stands in the way, then I can also overcome the obstacle. So the wish needs to be challenging, but feasible, best outcome, imagine, and then the inner obstacle. Very often, it’s an emotion, an anxiety, anger, resentment, whatever, but it’s your emotion, and you need to identify. Nobody else can. It’s a discovery tool. WOOP is a discovery tool, because you will discover, “What do I really want? What’s the best thing? What is it that I kind of desire?” Then, “Why don’t I do it? What is it in me? Why don’t I do it? Why don’t I go for it?” 

By identifying that obstacle, you might have only identified an obstacle to that wish. You might also identify the obstacle to other wishes. You can dig a little deeper. Dig a little deeper into your wish. What is it really that stands in the way? That will be very interesting. I mean, with a little humor, you will discover. You don’t need to tell anybody, but find out what is it in you that stands in the way? Then you can react to it by saying, “Okay, how can I overcome that?” and do an if/then plan.  

[00:39:06] MB: Tell me about – I want to come back and sort of understand how the phenomenon of mental contrasting, and then after that, I want to dig in to implementation intentions. But how does mental contrasting specifically sort of harnessed by the WOOP framework and the WOOP process? 

[00:39:22] GO: Well, mental contrasting is WOOP. We just renamed it. In the scientific literature, it’s called mental contrasting with implementation intentions. The mental contrasting part is the wish part, and the outcome part, and the imagery. Mental contrasting is an imagery technique. Then the obstacle, the obstacle in the way and the imagery of the obstacle, that’s mental contrasting. 

[00:39:49] MB: So just to clarify, it’s basically kind of the combination of visualizing your sort of goals and dreams and desires and then sort of doing a little bit of visualization, thinking around, “Okay, what are the actual obstacles to that.” Contrasting those two things and then trying to sort of reconcile them back to the actions and stuff you’re going to take as a result of sort of thinking about your goals, thinking about the obstacles with sort of equal weight and importance, and then ultimately determining how you’re going to kind of bring those two things together. Is that correct? 

[00:40:19] GO: It’s correct, but it’s not quite correct. First of all, you never say, “I’m just thinking about my goals,” because there are so many exercises. Yeah, list your goals, or what is your goal? “Sure, I want to go to college,” or “I want to have a promotion. Yeah, sure I want that.” But mental contrasting is so different. It’s asks you for a wish. It’s asks you what do you really want for your life, for the next four weeks, for today? What do you really want?

By understanding what you really want, you will understand much better where your needs are. You don’t need even to think about the needs, because the wish is an expression of the needs. But think about what is dear to your heart. What actually do I want in life? What do I want today? What I want to get out of this meeting? What do I want tonight when I – Mental contrasting with implementation, it is  WOOP, is for times when I’m stuck. What do I want? I want to get out of here. For times, when I’m really doing fine, but I could do better. What do I want for tonight? I want to have a good evening tonight with my friend. What do I want for the next phone call with my mother? 

Whatever it is, it needs to be dear to your heart. We are not used anymore to think about what do I really want? Take yourself into slow motion before you do WOOP. Its’ not that you need to have slow motion for long meditation sessions, or 8 weeks mindfulness or something. No. No. No. No. It’s just that you need to slow yourself down for the next 5 or 10 minutes and then say, “What do I want for today?” 

Let’s say in the academic domain, or I the professional domain, or, yeah, in the fitness domain, what do I want for today? Then you go slowly to one best outcome. Not for the best millions of outcomes. No. For one best outcome. Again, for one best obstacle. Not many obstacles, just one. The central obstacle, the most important. That’s important, because otherwise these are automatic processes can’t be triggered. Again, then one best behavior to overcome obstacle. 

So it is a little counterintuitive for what we are used to do where we say, “We have goal setting strategies,” or we have other strategies where we want to list all the goals and see where we are. In that perspective it’s really different. It’s an imagery technique, and therefore you need to be slow, and therefore you need to be quiet, and therefore you need to have these 5 or 10 minutes for yourself. 

[00:43:28] MB: Tell me the kind of concept of these implementation intentions. What is an implementation intention and how do we, using kind of the WOOP methodology, how do we sort of integrate that into our sort of planning, or goal setting, or visualization techniques? 

[00:43:44] GO: Now, implementation intention has been a concept discovered by Peter Gollwitzer, which had been around for a while, and there is a huge literature on the effectiveness of implementation intentions, and it come in the form of if situation X arises, then I will do the goal directed behavior Y. 

Now, by doing that, you connect the situation with the goal directed behavior. Now, we talked about mental contrasting where we said, “One effect of mental contrasting is that outside of people’s awareness, the obstacle is linked to the behavior to overcome obstacle.” What we thought is what if the obstacle is really hard to overcome? Then we thought, “Okay, let’s add the plan. Let’s add an implementation intentions to make this link between the obstacle and the behavior to overcome obstacle even stronger.” That’s what we did. 

In the context of mental contrasting, the implementation intention takes the form of if the duration, this time it’s an obstacle, then I will behavior to overcome obstacle, which is the goal directed behavior. So we integrate the implementation intention into the framework of the mental contrasting. Now, what is neat that’s so far the research on implementation intention has focused on contents, which were given by the researchers, or by the educators, but it was pre-fabricated. 

Now, the problem really with this research then is, that you need to put in the content from outside. If you want, it’s kind of put in quotation marks, is “paternalized.” But how can people make these implementation intentions just by themselves? How can they produce them by themselves? By doing mental contrasting, because mental contrasting can refer to any content or any wish, outcome, and obstacle, by finding the obstacle, we guaranteed that the situation part, the [inaudible 00:46:02] part, the implementation intention is relevant and it’s recognizable. 

So now you can have an implementation intentions, which is cut to the kind of personal needs. Then the same for the behavior to overcome the obstacle. That has been pre-fabricated in past research, but now the person herself or himself has come up with that behavior to overcome the obstacle, or to react to the situation. Meaning, now we emancipate people. They can have their own implementation intention. They don’t need a researcher, or the educator, or anybody to tell them what to put in the if part and what to put in the then part. 

So we made by inventing WOOP, or by combining mental contrasting with implementation intentions, we made it possible that implementation intentions are kind of individualized for each person, so that each person can now come up with their own wish, outcome, obstacle and their own if/then plan. So we emancipate people. 

Because people are the best experts of their lives, it is a tool that you can apply now to any wish you have. You can make as many WOOPs as you have wishes. That’s really nice, because now you don’t need a coach anymore, or you don’t need a trainer, or a therapist anymore, I mean, for daily life. It’s different in clinical cases. But you can emancipate yourself by using WOOP, and WOOP therefore can be considered a companion to your daily life and a companion that helps you to get inside into your wishes, to prioritize your wishes, and then also to attain your wishes.  

[00:47:57] MB: Tell me about the kind of striking the balance between having our wishes be sort of challenging enough, but also feasible enough. 

[00:48:06] GO: Yeah. I mean, our research has shown that when the wishes are feasible, high expectations, then people really go for it, commit to them and attain them. If they’re not feasible, not at all, then people will say, “Oh, this is too much energy for wish fulfillment,” and they will de-commit and will let go. So that’s prioritization. That’s what we say in the WOOP exercise, take a wish that is feasible. Take a wish that you can actually attain, because then you can use WOOP in order to actually fulfill your wishes. But you can use WOOP also to actually find out whether you want to even go and realize your wishes by not saying, “I will come up with a wish that is feasible.” Let’s say, you have a wish, which is very important to you. You don’t even have to think about kind of carefully to identify if it is a wish you really want. But you want to know whether it is worthwhile pursuing it or not. Then you do WOOP in order to help you prioritize, to help you understand whether the obstacle is surmountable or not. 

So you can use WOOP really for very different purposes. One is to find a wish that is feasible and then really to attain it, or to find a wish that is very dear to your heart, and you want to find out whether you want to actually go for it, or whether you want to actually let go and put your energy into something, which is more feasible. The challenging part where you say, “Find a wish that is already challenging.” If a wish is super easy to reach, you don’t need WOOP. You just go and do it. So you don’t need the exercise. Therefore, you better do WOOP for wishes that are a little bit difficult, but in principle, feasible, that will help you most in fulfilling your wishes. 

[00:50:22] MB: For listeners who want to kind of concretely implement some of the things we’ve talked about today, maybe do sort of a WOOP for themselves, what would be kind of one piece of homework that you would give them to start kind of implementing this methodology? 

[00:50:38] GO: Right. That’s a good question. Actually, in the past years, we have been designing materials which will help people to actually use WOOP for themselves and to apply it in their daily life as a kind of routine practice. We put these materials on the woopmylife.org website, which is actually translated into many languages, and which contains detailed instructions in written form, in audio form, in video form. It also contains references to the WOOP app, which has the bare bone instructions and which you can download on your Android or iPhone, and which guides you through the WOOP exercise without that you actually need to think about, “Now, what is the first step? What is the second step? What is the third step?” So if it’s a help to use WOOP on a daily basis. 

Then you’ll also find some references to Rethinking Positive Thinking, where we describe the research backgrounds and some of the studies in great detail, and also some example. So that will be a very good start to look at the WOOP materials, the videos, the audios, the app, and the book. On the website, there are also references to the research if you’re interested. Then certainly, on the WOOP My Life website, you can always write to us. If you have questions, please feel free to write to us. We get a lot of correspondence, and also kind of people inform us where they applied WOOP and you find them applying it in so many different life areas. It’s really kind of moving to see. If you have experiences, you can always write them to us, and then if you don’t mind, we put them on the website. So that would be great. If you want to have more personal training, just let us know. 

[00:52:58] MB: Again, you told listeners where to go, but for listeners who want to find you, learn more, etc., one more time, what is the website for them to be able to find you online? 

[00:53:06] GO: Okay. It’s WOOP, W-O-O-Pmylife.org. 

[00:53:15] MB: Awesome. Gabriele, thank you so much for coming on the show, sharing all these wisdom and knowledge and the surprising science from all of the research that you’ve done. It’s been a really fascinating conversation. We’ve enjoyed having you on here. 

[00:53:27] GO: Thank you for having me. 

[00:53:29] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called How To Organize and Remember Everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.

September 27, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Emotional Intelligence, Focus & Productivity
LauraVanderkam-01.png

The Death of Time Management & How You Can Manipulate Time with Laura Vanderkam

August 16, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we tell the truth about time. We throw out the old and dated conceptions of “time management” and look at how time really works. We explore the fundamental way you must flip your approach to time so that you can focus on what really matters in life. We look at how you can become an artist manipulating time at your will - stretching your best moments so that they last longer and ruthlessly removing the things that clutter your life. If you feel pressed for time - like there is never enough - and want to figure out how to create time for what really matters - listen to this episode with our guest Laura Vanderkam. 

Laura Vanderkam is the author of several time management and productivity books. Her TED talk titled “How To Gain Control of Your Free Time” has been viewed over 5 million times and she is the co-host of the podcast Best of Both Worlds. Her work has appeared in publications including the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, Fast Company, and Fortune.

  • Does time management work? Is time management a concept with too much baggage associated with it to even be meaningful?

  • It’s not about cramming so much stuff into your life - it’s about focusing on the most important things. 

  • Fundamentally flip your approach - removing as much as possible is much more important than cramming as much as possible into your day

  • A day in the life of 900 busy people - and the conclusions of how the most successful people spend their time

  • People who were highly relaxed around their time had a tendency to plan “mini adventures” in their lives 

  • Putting more valuable stuff into our lives makes time more memorable. If you want to feel like you have more time you need to create more memories. 

  • Before you can improve your time and focus it on the right things - you have to begin measuring it. 

  • We have lots of stories about where our time goes - but they often aren’t true. 

  • Can we become “artists manipulating time” to stretch the best moments so that they last longer?

  • Anticipation is powerful - starting savoring before it starts

    1. Be as present as possible, notice details, think about how you might describe it to someone

    2. Tell the story of what happened - every time you tell it you get pleasure from it

    3. Commemorate it with artifacts (ticket stubs, t-shirts, etc)

    4. Play the same song over and over again to encode that song to a specific memory or experience

    5. Create as many memories as possible - more memories makes time expand 

  • Time is highly elastic - it stretches to accommodate what we need or want to fit into it 

  • Time management is not about shaving extra hours out of every day - it’s about selecting the right priorities

  • The key to time management is treating what’s important to you like a "broken water heater"

  • If you’ve ever binged something on Netflix - you found extra time because you had something that was a big priority

  • Lack of Time = Lack of Priorities 

  • Instead of saying “ I don’t do XYZ because I don’t have time” instead say “ I don’t do XYZ because its not a priority"

  • Many people never pause for 10 seconds to consider what their priorities are

  • The people who manage to take time out and think about what’s important and how they want to spend their time 

  • “Reflective Activities” like journaling, meditating, praying - stepping back from life and thinking about life - people with the highest time perception and time management scores did these every other day, the lowest scores people never did it

  • If you want to feel like you have more time - instead of picking up your phone - try thinking about your life and spending time on reflective activities and contemplative routines 

  • What’s your time perception score? 

  • It’s not that people with bad time perception and time management are working harder - the data shows that they are not - it’s that they are wasting their time on irrelevant or low value activities like social media, browsing their phone, etc 

  • Being busy is not an example of how important you are - it’s an example that you have a lack of control of your time

  • How do you create a time log and measure how you’re spending your time?

  • It’s easy to track your time - the tool is not that important - don’t let perfect be the enemy of good - start capturing at a high level where your time is going and have a holistic perspective?

  • Part of feeling relaxed about your time is knowing when and how you’re spending your leisure time

  • Letting go of expectations is a great time management strategy 

  • Planning your weeks before you’re in them is a great strategy to make time for your priorities FIRST

  • Make a 3 category priority list:

  • Career

    1. Relationships

    2. Self

  • Each one of those categories is key!!

  • A great tactic for setting your short to medium term goals - writing a “Performance Review” (for next year)

  • Look at this list all the time

    1. It can start informing your schedule choices

  • How do we create more effective morning and evening routines?

  • Homework: Track your time for a week (if you can’t track it for a day or two)

  • Homework: Plan a “mini adventure” during the work day or after work this week - do something different, put a little adventure into your life

  • Time is how we perceive it

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

brilliantimage.png

This weeks episode is brought to you by our partners at Brilliant! Brilliant is math and science enrichment learning. Learn concepts by solving fascinating, challenging problems. Brilliant explores probability, computer science, machine learning, physics of the everyday, complex algebra, and much more. Dive into an addictive interactive experience enjoyed by over 5 million students, professionals, and enthusiasts around the world.

You can get started for free right now!

If you enjoy learning these incredibly important skills, Brilliant is offering THE FIRST 200 Science of Success listeners 20% off their Annual Premium Subscription. Simply go tobrilliant.org/scienceofsuccess to claim your discount!

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [Book] Savoring: A New Model of Positive Experience by Fred B. Bryant and Joseph Veroff

  • [App] Moment

  • [Personal Site] Laura Vanderkam

  • [Book] Off the Clock: Feel Less Busy While Getting More Done by Laura Vanderkam

  • [Book] 168 Hours: You Have More Time Than You Think by Laura Vanderkam

  • [Book] What the Most Successful People Do Before Breakfast: And Two Other Short Guides to Achieving More at Work and at Home by Laura Vanderkam

  • [SoS Episode] Everything You Know About Sleep Is Wrong with Dr. Matthew Walker

  • [SoS Episode] The Secret That Silicon Valley Giants Don’t Want You To Know with Dr. Adam Alter

  • [SoS Episode] Essentialism - Get the Mental Clarity to Pursue What Actually Matters with Greg McKeown

Episode Transcript

[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than two million downloads, listeners in over a hundred countries and part of the self-help for smart people podcast network.

In this episode, we tell the truth about time. We throw out the old and dated conceptions of time management and look at how time really works. We explore the fundamental way you must flip your approach to time, so that you can focus on what really matters in life. We look at how you can become an artist manipulating time at your will, stretching your best moments so that they last longer, and ruthlessly removing the things that clutter your life. If you feel pressed for time like there's never enough and want to figure out how to create time for what really matters, you're going to enjoy this episode with our guest, Laura Vanderkam.

Do you need more time; time for work time, for thinking and reading, time for the people in your life, time to accomplish your goals? This was the number one problem our listeners outlined and we created a new video guide that you can get completely for free when you sign up and join our e-mail list. It's called how you can create time for the things that really matter in life. You can get it completely for free when you sign up and join the e-mail list at successpodcast.com.

You're also going to get exclusive content that's only available to our e-mail subscribers. We recently pre-released an episode in an interview to our e-mail subscribers a week before it went live to our broader audience. That had tremendous implications, because there is a limited offer in there with only 50 available spots that got eaten up by the people who were on the e-mail list first. With that same interview, we also offered an exclusive opportunity for people on our e-mail list to engage one-on-one for over an hour with one of our guests in a live exclusive interview, just for e-mail subscribers.

There's some amazing stuff that's available only to e-mail subscribers that's only going on if you subscribe and sign up to the e-mail list. You can do that by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. Or, if you're driving around right now, if you're out and about and you're on the go, you don't have time, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44-222. That's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222.

In our previous episode, we showed you the science of communication. Have you ever been afraid to speak or present? Have you been worried that you don't have the skills, or tools to communicate your ideas to the world? We dug into the science and the strategies of mastering skills, like speaking and presenting, crushing the anxiety that often accompanies these high-stakes moments and sharing evidence-based strategies for becoming a master communicator with our guest, Matt Abrahams. If you want to learn how to speak and present with total confidence, check out our previous episode.

Now, for our interview with Laura.

[0:03:05.3] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show; Laura Vanderkam. Laura is the author of several time management and productivity books. Her TED talk titled How to Gain Control of Your Free Time has been viewed over five million times and she's the co-host of the podcast, Best Of Both Worlds. Her work has appeared in publications including New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Fast Company, Fortune and much more. Laura, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:30.4] LV: Thank you so much for having me.

[0:03:31.9] MB: Well, we're super excited to have you on the show today. It's funny, we constantly try to pull the listeners and see what topics or themes are really important to them and top of mind for them and time management and how to get more time was actually the number one thing that our listeners wanted to hear about and want to learn more about. That's part of the reason we sought you out and we really wanted to have some more guests on the show where we got into the concept of time. Thank you for coming on the show.

[0:03:57.6] LV: Yeah. Well, I'm not surprised that people are concerned about time and trying to do the most with their time, because I mean, obviously how we spend our hours has a big effect on how we live our lives, and anything we're going to accomplish is going to require putting time against it. It's really this ongoing journey of all trying to use our time in better ways, so hopefully we can talk about some strategies today that will be helpful for people.

[0:04:23.0] MB: Definitely. I'd love to start out with this idea of, I think so many people when they think about time management and I don't even really the word time management, because I think there's so much baggage associated with it, but when people think about time in their lives, you've talked about a lot of misconceptions and ways that people don't really think about it correctly, or think about it from the wrong perspective. I'd love to hear your thoughts around that.

[0:04:46.7] LV: Well certainly, a lot of people when you say time management, what comes to mind is trying to cram 30 more things into your day, which is really not the point. It's not about scheduling every single minute of your life, or getting 10 billion more chores done and all your e-mails answered by 2 PM, or whatever it is. It's not really about that. It's honestly about spending your time and your energy on the things that are most important to you, and on the things that will help you achieve your goals in life.

When you approach it from that perspective, you have a very different mindset about time. You stop trying to cram more, and in many cases, you start getting rid of things, because you realize it would be more beneficial to have open space, so you can think about things, or deal with situations as they come up, or linger in good conversations as they're happening, because they start leading to new opportunities. It's a very different mindset.

[0:05:40.2] MB: I love that idea of fundamentally flipping your approach, instead of trying to cram as much as possible into your day. You're saying it's really more about removing as much as possible, so that there's the space for what's truly important.

[0:05:53.7] LV: I mean, there's really no point in being busy just to be busy. I know, people often like to talk about how busy they are and how much they have going on, which is a nice way to talk about how important we are. If the demand for our time is high, then we must be very important, that's why we're so busy.

I've interviewed and studied the schedules of many very successful people over the years. I've always been surprised at how much open space there is in some people's schedules. These are people who clearly could fill every minute, if they chose to. Certainly the demand for their time is there, but they choose not to. They choose to recognize that open space does invite opportunity into their lives, because they have time to think, they have time to linger in good things and explore them and create new opportunities.

Yeah, I think it's about asking for all our commitments, all our obligations; is this something that really is adding joy and meaning to my life and the life of people that I care about? If so, great, like double down on that. If not, maybe time to figure out how to scale it down, or get rid of it over the next few months.

[0:06:57.3] MB: Well, I think you touched on something that I'd love to dig into a little bit more, which is this idea that, and I know you've done a lot of work around studying really successful people, learning from them and then seeing at a really granular level how they spend and allocate their time. I'd love to unpack that a little bit more and hear more about what some of the surprising conclusions, or results were from that work.

[0:07:20.6] LV: Yes. I've done a couple different time diary projects for a book that came out a few years ago, I looked specifically at professional women who are also raising families, look at how they spent their time. I recently wrote a book called Off The Clock, that involved looking at the – a day in the life of 900 busy people with full-time jobs, other things going on in their personal lives. Had them track their time for a day, ask them questions about how they felt about their time, so I could look what the differences were in people's schedules between people who felt relaxed about time people, who felt time was abundant, with equivalently busy people, who felt time was getting away from them, most scarce, they were starved for time.

I found a couple of interesting things. First, that the people who felt most relaxed about their time were highly likely to plan, what I call, like many adventures into their lives, that I had people track just a normal March Monday, and the people with the most abundant perspective on time we're doing things like going to salsa dancing lessons at night, or going to a big band concert, or going to a movie on a Monday night.

On some of that that might seem a bit of a paradox, because committing to do stuff like that might make us feel we have less time. I have something in my evening, therefore I have less time, but it turns out not to be the case. It turns out that by putting interesting things into our time, we make time memorable. But when we make time memorable, then we remember it. We don't have this sense that time is just slipping from one side of the hourglass to the other.
I found that quite fascinating, that if you want to actually feel like you have more time, you need to create more memories and have this mindset toward having adventures in your life, even on normal days.

[0:09:06.9] MB: I think that's great. It comes back to the paradox that you talked a little bit about, is this idea that the people who are often the most successful, don't necessarily subscribe to this cult of busyness and constantly telling everyone how busy you are and constantly feeling overwhelmed and busy. It's really, they have a much more slow and intentional approach to their time in many cases.

[0:09:30.0] LV: Yeah, they don't fill their time with stuff they don't want to do, because they want to leave it open for the things that they do want to do. It's pretty simple when it comes down to it, but it has profound implications. I mean, I remember one of the gentlemen I interviewed for off the clock, he’s managing teams in three different continents in corporate America. Of course, they would say, “Oh, he must be in meetings all the time, like I'm trying to get on his calendar, like I'm going to e-mail him and ask for some time and I'll probably be offered 15 minutes on a Wednesday three weeks from now.”

He sent me back a note and it was just like, “Yeah, I'm pretty free on Thursday and Friday this week, so why don't you just pick a time that works for you.” I’m like, “What? What is this?” He was intentionally leaving his schedule very blank and he wanted to talk with me and he had open time on these days, and it's not that he didn't have anything to do. I mean, he has teams on multiple continents, but he made sure that he wasn't packing his calendar with meetings. He had a very good rapport with his teams, where they could come to him with anything and they could come to him at any time, but they knew they didn't need to set up a formal hour-long meeting to get an answer on something. That allowed him to be very nimble and make decisions very quickly and also allowed them to make decisions very quickly. I thought that was pretty profound.

[0:10:40.6] MB: For somebody who's caught up in this this reactionary state of constantly feeling busy and feeling overwhelmed, how can they start to open up to this new approach, or this new perspective around thinking about time differently?

[0:10:57.2] LV: Whenever anyone wants to spend their time better, I always suggest that they first try to figure out where their time is really going now. This is another one of those paradoxes. I'm not saying, “Oh, people should feel relaxed and off the clock,” but I want you to know exactly where your time goes. We have to pay attention to the clock first, before we can start feeling off the clock. Because one of the reasons people feel so overwhelmed and busy, if they actually don't know where all their time is going.

They don't know, am I spending enough time on the things that are important to me, or maybe I'm skimping in this area, or I'm spending too much time in this area? If you don't know for sure, it can become the source of anxiety and stress. I have people track their time for a week. It's not as difficult as it sounds. I know probably people are like, “Oh, no. Not that.”

I use a spreadsheet. I've actually been tracking my time for a little over three years continuously now, which nobody else needs to do that. I want to be very clear, I'm not expecting anyone else to track their time for three years, but just a week gives a very good perspective on your life and where your time really goes. I just use a pretty simple spreadsheet that's got half-hour blocks along the left, days of the week along the top. There's a 168 hours in a week, so there's 336 cells on this particular spreadsheet, and I just write down what I'm doing, check in three times a day, fill in roughly what I've done since the last time I checked in.

It takes about three minutes a day, which is the same amount of time I spend brushing my teeth, so not a huge commitment. Yeah, just look at it at the end and add it up, see well, how much time are you working for instance, or how much are you spending in the car, how much time are you sleeping, how much your TV time, or exercise time, or volunteering time, or friend time, or family time, whatever it is that you happen to do with yourself.

Then when you look at the categories, you can decide, “Well, does this seem right? How do I feel about this?” The fascinating things, people have all kinds of stories they tell themselves about where the time goes, which may not be true. We have a tendency to view our weeks where we're working in the longest hours as typical. In our minds maybe we’re like, “Oh, I was at the office until 9:00 p.m. on Wednesday. Therefore, I'm working always 12-hour days. If I think of five days a week, that's 60 hours and I'm working on weekends too sometimes, so that doing things, and so it must be 70 hours a week.” It turns out every other day, you weren't there until 9:00 p.m. and there were breaks during the day, Friday you came in late and left quite early, and those weekend e-mail checks only added up to an hour, even though it felt more than that.

The number will come out to like 48 hours, and people are like, “Wait. Wait. 48 hours, that's a very different number than 70,” but that's what happens, or people tend to remember their shortest night as typical, because again, it really stinks to not sleep we tend to remember the night where we didn't sleep and that stands out in our minds.

I found looking at people's time logs, the vast majority of people sleep more than seven hours per day when you average it over the whole week, even very high earning people, successful people, people with a lot of responsibility, people with young kids, we have people listening to a podcast in that situation. Even so, it does tend to add up over the week. Not for everybody, but for the vast majority of people.

Often looking at our time logs, we can get a better sense that's not in this story of overwhelm, this narrative of catastrophe. When we sent back from that, just look at the numbers, then we can decide, “Well, actually I am spending a little bit more time in the car than I'd like. Are there ways I could scale that down? Or I'm doing more errands than I'd like. Are there ways we could start ordering stuff online? Or I seem to be at work longer than I wish to be, because I get really distracted in the middle of the afternoon, go down some internet rabbit hole. If I maybe figured out how to manage my energy and take real breaks, then I could actually focus for the afternoon, maybe I could get out a reasonable hour.” Lots of things you can discover.

[0:14:34.7] MB: It's so true, the mind and we talk about this all the time in the show and actually, our very first episode ever of the Science of Success was called the biological limits of the human mind. The mind is such an inaccurate tool sometimes. There's so many biases and shortcuts etc. Often are our own perceptions of the way things are, even about our own lives are really inaccurate and it's not until we measure them that we can really get a true picture of what's really happening.

[0:15:00.3] LV: Yeah. I mean, I talk about this all the time, and yet, I do it myself. That was certainly one of the things I discovered when I started tracking my time continuously. I had this idea that I worked 50 hours a week, because I had tracked my time for a few weeks here and there over the years and I had always worked about 50 hours a week during those weeks. Then I started tracking my time continuously and I realized that in the past, I had chosen very specific weeks to track, namely the weeks when I was working 50 hours a week, because I had in my mind that was who I am, I'm this professional working long hours and I want to show these weeks to the world that showed that.

When I tracked my time continuously, I couldn't do that and I found that the average was a lot closer to 40, which is a different number than 50. 10 hours that now I need to account for. Where are they going? I don't know. Well I found out. You need to track your time to start getting that data.

[0:15:50.0] MB: I found, this is getting deeper down the rabbit hole, but in talking back, there's an importance of measurement. One of the things that I've taken some time to do for myself is map out what an ideal day would look like for a 24-hour cycle and basically say every hour, how do I want to allocate and be spending that time? Then started measuring that against not only what my actual days look like and how I was spending those hours, but even spot checking or looking at certain items like for example, flagging. How many hours a week do I spend in meetings?

Going back through my calendar for a month or two and tracking okay, every week I had 15 hours this week, 22 hours this week, all that stuff and starting to see whether it's meetings, or time wasted browsing on my phone, or different core almost red flag items, finding those opportunities that’s okay, maybe if I tweak this thing and set more of a budget for how much time I'm going to spend on these activities, suddenly you can really start to free up hours a week that you didn't realize we're getting wasted down a certain rabbit hole, or sucked into a certain activity.

[0:16:54.6] LV: I think that's a really smart idea. I like the idea of creating, I like to call it a realistic ideal day. I mean, so it's not a perfect day, because then we'd have flying cars, but a realistic ideal day that, what would your schedule look like?

You don't need to separate – I mean, how about a realistic ideal week? Because again, a week is the cycle of life as you live it. When you're thinking of that ideal day, you're often picturing, say a work day, but we have weekends as well and we should think about them, because being intentional about our weekends is a great way to maximize our fun, leisurely enjoyable time and make sure we're spending that in ways that are rejuvenating to ourselves as opposed to just spending the whole weekend on chores and errands, or else attempting to do nothing and yet, the nothing turns into stuff that we didn't really want to do, and so you hit Monday not feeling so great about it.

[0:17:42.8] MB: I know you wrote about some of these strategies for as you call it, making life memorable and the idea of not filling time and lingering. I'd love to dig into that a little bit more and maybe talk about how we can savor some of the finer moments of life.

[0:17:59.9] LV: Yeah. I mean, one of the things about time is it does keep passing. We can learn how to make some of the good moments pass as slowly as what we have with the bad moment. Say you think you're something stuck in a boring meeting, you’re looking at the clock counting seconds, hoping it's going to be 11:00 soon, you can get out of there. That time seems to pass really slowly and yet, good moments seem to often go by very quickly.

The question is can we become better stewards of time, or artists manipulating time by really lingering in these good moments and trying to stretch them? There turns out to be a couple techniques that really work. I found some research on this. There's a book called Savoring that came out in I think 2006, by a couple researchers who had really delved into this topic, of how people learn to stretch good experiences.

In psychology, it's fascinating to see how people can take tough moments and be resilient in them, but it's also an equally interesting thing to see how people can take good moments and make them feel deeper and last longer. A big chunk of that is knowing that they are coming up, because when we know something good is going to happen, then we can anticipate it. The anticipation can stretch the pleasure for quite a bit of time.

That concert with your favorite artist is only going to last two, three hours, but if you get the tickets two months ahead of time, you can think about it for two months and you can have some of the pleasure of knowing you're going to go hear it for two months, so that's one way to stretch out the pleasure.

Certainly, while the good event is happening, you want to do your best to be fully present, to take in as many of the details as possible, that's one way to keep your mind from wandering to your utility bills or something like that. Just notice details and think about how you might describe this to someone afterwards, and the stories of it. If you have somebody there with you, talk about how much you're enjoying yourselves. Actually calling that out to each other is a good way to remind yourself that you are enjoying yourselves, and to focus on that.

Then after the fact, you think about how you can – you do recount it to someone, like you tell the story, you tell the story again, if you can, because the more times you tell it, you get a little bit of pleasure from it each time. Think about ways that you can commemorate it, if there's any artifacts you can take from the time. That's why people buy concert t-shirts. It's a way to get at that, to get some of that pleasure from it.

Sometimes you can even consciously do this with things that you know you're going to want to remember later. I had a great conversation with a lady the other day who told me that she had gone to Europe one summer when she was a young person. One of her companions on this trip kept playing the same song over and over again like, “Why are you doing this? Why do you keep playing this song?” Her companion said at one point, “Listen, every time for the rest of your life that you hear this song, you are going to think about the summer.” It is true. They do. Every time they hear that song, that is the summer that comes to mind. They have those memories of their summer in Europe and what they did, long after the relationships themselves have gone away, they still have this song which allows them to stretch back that memory, to still have that memory, even when so much of life tends to fade.

[0:20:59.4] MB: That's a great example, and I can think of a personal instance of a trip that I took with my wife and some friends a couple years ago, and we were all obsessed with this one song and we played it over and over and over again. Now every time we're together and we hear it, we all think back to that trip, and it's encoded to that memory.

[0:21:15.3] LV: You can do that. I mean, you could even do it with your hotel soap, or something if you're trying to remember a vacation. Sniff the soap, and then for the rest of your life, that olfactory memory is going to be associated with this time. Having those artifacts is what tends to unlock this and allows us to relive, and the more memories you have of a unit of time, the more time seems to expand. That's how our brain and judges how much time we have is how many memory units we have formed.

If you think about the first day of a vacation, it tends to seem very long if you're traveling somewhere exotic, because your brain has no idea what it needs to know, so it's remembering everything that you encounter. That can make that day seem very, very long. The question is well, can you do that in normal life too, right? Can you have new experiences, novel experiences, can you plan in things that will be memorable? Because then, you will remember those days.

[0:22:06.3] MB: I want to come back to getting back to that concept more broadly of how we conceive of time. I know you've shared, or talked to a phrase about the idea that time is highly elastic. I'd love to incorporate that into the conversation we've already been having and explain that topic a little bit more.

[0:22:23.3] LV: Yeah. I mean, time is what it is, but I always say that time stretches to accommodate what we need, or want to put into it. In my TED Talk you mentioned, in the intro I tell a story of a lady who could track her time for me. Very, very busy, many things going on in her life, but she goes out for a Wednesday night for something. She comes home and finds that her water heater has broken, and so there's water all over her basement, so she obviously has to deal with this. Sit down the minute aftermath that night, the plumbers and the cleaning crew, because her carpet is all destroyed and everything.

All this is being recorded on the time log for the week and it winds up taking about seven hours of her week. If you think about a lot of time management literature that is out there, it’s all structured along those ideas of, “Oh, we're going to help our readers, or viewers, or listeners find an extra hour in the day. We're going to shave bits of time off everyday activities added up, we'll have time for the good stuff. We're going to find an extra hour on the day.”

Well, if you think about it, finding seven hours in a week to deal with this water heater explosion is like finding an extra hour in a day. Obviously, if she'd been thinking at the start of the week like, “Oh, let me find seven hours to whatever, train for a triathlon.” I think, most of us – she would have not been able to find the seven hours to do that, but then when she had to find seven hours because there's water everywhere, she finds seven hours.

Really what this gets at, is that time is elastic. It's not that she had a magical seven hours somewhere, so that when something was important enough to her, when it was I'm getting water all over her basement, she had to deal with it, and so she found the seven hours. Really the key to time management in general, it's treating whatever is important to us as the equivalent of this broken water heater. We decide that we are going to get to it. We are going to make the time in our lives, in our busy lives for it.

A less extreme example, but you might see this all the time, if you've ever picked up a real page-turner of a book, or started a real binge worthy series, it is somewhat magical how you find extra time to read the next few pages, or to watch the next episode. Where did that time come from? Well what it is is that you had something you really want to do with it, and so you made the time. That time is very elastic. It will accommodate what you decide to put into it. Make sure that you are putting the important stuff in first and everything else will fit around that.

[0:24:36.3] MB: I think this hints at, or not even hints, but really gets at the core of one of my favorite quotes, which is there's no such thing as lack of time, there's only lack of priorities.

[0:24:46.0] LV: Yeah, that's a similar version of this a very busy woman I once interviewed put it to me like, I don't – I never say I don't do – I don't have time to do X, Y, or Z. I don't do X, Y, or Z, because it's not a priority. That basically I don't have time, means it's not a priority, which is true, if you think about it. I mean, whatever it is you're saying is not a – it's not that you don't have time for, if somebody offered to pay you a $100,000 to do it, it would probably become a priority.

If you think about it that way, whatever it is, you'd probably do it, you'd find the time. Obviously that's not going to happen for most things, but putting it that way can help us see the reality. In most cases and if it's not a priority, we're not choosing and we're choosing not to do it. It doesn't mean that it wouldn't be a priority for someone else. It doesn't mean that it's not a good thing. It just means that for whatever reason in your life right now, it is not a priority. I think we're better off just owning that and being honest with ourselves, rather than hiding behind this excuse of lacking time.

[0:25:43.6] MB: This week’s episode is brought to you by our partners at Brilliant. Brilliant is a math and science enrichment learning tool. You can learn concepts by solving fascinating challenging problems. Brilliant explores probability, computer science, machine learning, the physics of everyday life, complex Algebra and much more. They do this with addictive interactive experiences that are enjoyed by over 5 million students, professionals and enthusiasts around the world.

One of the coolest things that I really also like about Brilliant is that they have these learning principles and two of them in particular really stick out to me as powerful and important principles. One of them is that learning is curiosity-driven. If you look at some of the most prolific thinkers and learners in history, people like Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, they were incredibly curious individuals, just really, really curious. It’s so great to see that one of their learning principles is this principle of curiosity.

Another one of Brilliant’s learning principles that’s absolutely critical is that learning needs to allow for failure. If you look at Carol Dweck, if you look at the research behind Mindset, this is one of the cornerstones of psychology research. You have to be able to fail to learn and improve. You have to be able to acknowledge your weaknesses. You have to be able to push yourself into a place where it’s okay to make mistakes. These learning principles form the cornerstone in the foundation of Brilliant. It’s such a great platform. I highly recommend checking it out.

You can do that by going to brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess. I’m a huge fan of STEM learning and that’s why I’m so excited that Brilliant is sponsoring this episode. They’ve been a sponsor of the show for a long time and there’s a reason; they make learning math and science fun and engaging and exciting.

You can get started today with Brilliant by going to brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess. That’s brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess. If you’ve been enjoying our weekly riddles in Mindset Monday, we’re also collaborating with Brilliant to bring some awesome and exciting riddles to our Mindset Monday e-mail list.

[0:27:51.0] MB: I think many people's lives, they never even pause to take 10 seconds and consider what their priorities actually are, and end up almost like a pinball, just bouncing between commitment, commitment, reaction, reaction, reaction. How do we start to break out of that?

[0:28:09.3] LV: Yeah, it's very easy to be reactive when it comes to time, because time keeps passing, whether we think about how we're spending it or not. It's like you're in a boat in the middle of the stream, it's hard to direct things from there. You have to pause and get yourself over to the side and see where the current is going.

The people who manage to do that are the people who feel they have a better control of their time and their schedule and where their lives are going. In this time diary study I did for off the clock, I found that people who had the highest time perception scores were also the most likely to engage in what I call reflective activities. Those things like journaling, or meditating, or praying, just these things that have you step back from your life and think about your life.

The people at the highest time perception scores did these on average pretty much every other day. The people with the lowest time perception scores, at least have never done it, never did those things. Again, these are all equivalently busy people, these are all people who are working full time, are all working within a range of hours, they're pretty normal. All have commitments in their personal lives.

It doesn't take much time to write the journal or meditate. You can do it in five minutes. In fact, the people with low time perception scores, spent more time watching TV, or on social media. Again, they had leisure time. They were just not spending it in ways that allowed them to think and reflect on their lives. If you do want to feel like you have more time, you might try and there's little bits of time we all have when you're waiting for a phone call to start, you’re waiting for the bus, something like that. Instead of picking up your phone and deleting e-mail, or looking at headlines, or looking at social media, you might try just thinking about your life, or writing in a journal, meditating, any of those things. Because if you do those things, you will start to feel you have more time.

[0:29:50.1] MB: We've often on the show heard those reflective activities and also called contemplative routines. There's a lot of science around how powerful those are in shaping your priorities and your ability to step back and really determine what the most important things to focus on in life are.

[0:30:06.1] LV: Yeah. I'm sure there's, whatever you want to call them, but the science is pretty good on it. It makes sense, right? I think the key thing for people is that it doesn't have to be the hour-long session. You don't have to go off on the silent retreats for three days. It's really about just taking little bits of time and choosing to do something, other than being on e-mail, not really doing anything productive, but thinking we are. Because what happens is people have leisure time, but then we tend to chop it up with these phone checks. I found that the people who had the highest time perception scores checked their phones about half as frequently as the people who had the lowest time perception scores.

[0:30:42.7] MB: Just briefly, I'd love to dig in a little bit, tell me what exactly is a time perception score and how does that factor into – I mean, I think we could assume it, but I just want to make sure we have a really clear understanding of what it is and how that's shaped by people's behavior.

[0:30:56.8] LV: Yeah. I realized I was just throwing that out there and didn’t mention what it was. When I had people track their time for a day, these 900 people, and then I asked them, it was like 13 questions that was getting at various aspects of time perception. Yesterday, I felt present rather than distracted, or generally in life, I have time for the things that are important to me, or yesterday I spent time on things that made me happy, generally make time for people who are important to me, just all these different things that we're getting at, feeling like you had enough time, right?

People could answer from strongly disagree, one, to strongly agree, seven. Then I would assign them a score, so the people who had most 7s on all these questions were at the top of the time perception score. The people with the most ones in the lowest scores were on the bottom. I could break out, there's 900 people, so yeah, I can cut it a little bit and say the top 20% and the top 3%, the bottom 20% and bottom 3% compared to the average and see what was the different –

What was interesting to me is some of the things that weren't different. You might think that the people at the lowest time perception cores were working really extreme hours, for instance and that turned out not to be the case. Almost everyone I studied worked between seven and nine hours on this March Monday, and the people who had the lowest time perception scores were really not that – I mean, was minutes off the average. It was not very different from the average at all. It's not that they were working around the clock or anything like that, it's just how we choose to spend that discretionary time we have, has a big effect on how we perceive time.

[0:32:24.1] MB: I think that's a really critical point, which is that it's not – that people who feel distracted, or they don't have time for what's really important, it's not that they're necessarily working harder, it's that their time is getting sucked into things like browsing their phone, or getting sucked into Facebook, or social media, instead of being consciously invested in things that are really important, or really high-value to them.

[0:32:47.4] LV: Definitely. I've seen this in various schedules of high profile people I've studied. I talked about how I've tracked my time and I can look at the days they're tracking. I see, like I might be working more hours than these people, but it's not because the demand for my time is higher, these people these are people who could pack every minute of the day if they want to do, is that they're choosing not to. They're embracing their power by saying, “My schedule is mine. If I only wish to have seven hours of work commitments for the day, that's great. I'm going to leave open space in the middle of the day, so I can relax, or think, take a real break, or if things run over, then I have space for it without making the rest of the day be a disaster.”

It’s really their power move is not to pack every minute. I think that's fascinating. Being busy is not always an example of how important you are. It's really sometimes more an example that you have not yet claimed your control over your calendar.

[0:33:41.7] MB: It's funny, we've talked about this in a couple previous interviews. One of them with Greg McKeown, the author of Essentialism, where we really dug into the a cult of busyness and how, if you ask someone how they're doing in the United States today, almost always their response is, “Oh, busy. Busy good and busy.”

[0:33:58.9] LV: I’m fine. Busy. Just fascinating, right?

[0:34:02.4] MB: It’s so funny, because we get caught up in that self-importance of busyness, but ever since really going, starting to go down this rabbit hole of time management and using contemplatively routines to determine the most important things to focus on, not only have I tried to not tell people that I'm busy, but I also when someone says that they're busy, I almost view that as a marker that they don't really have – they haven't really invested the time in these reflective activities to cultivate actual control over their time.

[0:34:31.5] LV: Yeah. If they did, I think they'd get a very different perspective. Hopefully people listening to this will take that to heart.

[0:34:37.8] MB: I want to get into some of the specific tactics and strategies for implementing some of these ideas and themes. Specifically, I know we touched on and you talked a little bit about this idea of a time log, or a time diary. I'd love to learn a little bit more about how the listeners could concretely implement that.

[0:34:57.0] LV: Yeah, tracking your time doesn't have to be very complicated. I use a very simple spreadsheet, and if people want to come to my website, it's just my name, lauravanderkam.com; you can get e-mailed one there. You can make your own. It's really just Excel. Or you can use – there's dozens of time tracking apps on the market. Often, it's like billing software for instance, so people buy it for their companies because they need to build their time to different things, but you can repurpose that to build all the projects in your personal life too, if you felt like it.

Or you can even just walk around with a little notebook and write not what you're doing. The tool itself is really not all that important. What's important is that you just try to stick with it and don't let the perfect be the enemy of the good, like you don't have to record every bathroom break, you don't have to record every time you got up and filled your water bottle at the water cooler. It's really more about just having this holistic perspective, and where the time goes, so that you know roughly like, “Okay, I was working during this time and I took a break here and this is what I did with my break. Yeah, this is when I got in the car and this is when I got home and this is what I did after I got home, this is when I ate dinner, this is what I did afterwards, this is when to bed.”

Then on weekends too, make sure you track a weekend. I find people – I ask people to do this sometimes and then they just stop on Friday afternoon. Did life stop then? It did not continue? What happened? I mean, it's fine if you don't want to share what you did on your weekend with me, that's perfectly fine. I understand that. It's usually not about that. It's just that they didn't even think it was important to track the weekend. I think part of feeling off the clock and relaxed about our time is knowing where our potential leisure time is and knowing that we're spending it on things that we truly enjoy. One of the best ways to figure that out is to actually track a weekend to say, what are you doing with the 60 hours between 6 p.m. Friday and 6 a.m. Monday, and how are you happy with that? Did it go the way you like? What did you not do? What did you do? How do you feel about that?

Yeah, just try for a week and then look at the major categories and ask yourself what you like about it. There's probably something that's going great and you should celebrate whatever that is. You can ask what you want to do more of with your time and you can also ask what you want to spend less time doing. I think if you focus on all those questions and ramp up the things you do want to do and ramp down the things you don't, then over time you'll start to spend your time better.

[0:37:12.6] MB: It's such an important point that you shouldn't get caught up and letting perfect be the enemy of good. I think people so often get trapped in this fear that they have to be capturing everything, they have to be measuring it perfectly, and there's a really a good mental model that we talk a lot about on the show as well, which is the idea of being roughly right, is often better than being precisely wrong. The idea is generally, if you're approximately correct, you can actually get a ton of value out of that. If you try to refine it too much, oftentimes you end up derailing yourself for not doing it, or whatever. Sometimes the freedom of just getting it approximately correct is a really effective strategy.

[0:37:52.2] LV: Yeah, it also saves time too.

[0:37:54.0] MB: That’s right.

[0:37:54.9] LV: Letting go of expert to expectations of perfection is one of the best time management strategies I've ever encountered, because it's probably good enough. The vast majority of things, like going from the 95th percentile to the 99th is not really getting you much and probably is wasting a lot of time.

[0:38:10.3] MB: One of the other themes, or ideas that I know you've talked about and it dovetails obviously with everything we've been discussing today, but I think it's really worth digging into and sharing is this idea of putting your priorities into your schedule first, and then filling everything else. I'd love to hear you explain that and tell a little bit more about that.

[0:38:28.5] LV: Yeah. I mean, you read a lot of time management literature, which everyone talks about this, because it's what really matters that you put what is important to you in your schedule first. Some people go as far as why would we even bother making a to-do list, if it doesn't have a time attached to it, like what is that? It's these things that we want to do take time. Our time is represented by a calendar, like we only have so much time. If it doesn't have an assigned time, it can't happen. Better to think about the assigned time for these tasks that you're deciding to do, as opposed to just listing them and hoping that they will happen at some point.

I try to put important stuff in my schedule first, by planning my weeks before I'm in them. I try to do this on Friday afternoon, which is something I actually picked up from David Allen, productivity expert; I'm sure many of your listeners are familiar with. He said a lot of his clients were planning their weeks and doing the weekly review on Friday afternoon. What I do is I make a three category list for the week ahead; career, relationships and self.

The reason to have a three-category priority list is it will nudge you to put something in all three categories. It's pretty hard to make a three-category list and then leave one of the categories blank. That's just not how people tend to make lists, so it's a little trick right there to nudge you to have a more balanced life. Just a short list. You can put two to three items in each, probably not more than eight, 10. If it's more than 10, they're not really priorities, then it's just your laundry list of everything you need to do.

The good thing about this is you've got your work stuff there. Most people know roughly what the good things they should be doing on the work front beyond what they absolutely have to do. Nudging yourself to create things, like personal priorities, or relationship priorities even more so, it makes those things happen, because when you start saying, “Oh, what is my relationship priority for the next week? Well, my spouse and I haven't been out to eat in a while. Let me ask this person what would be a good night for that, and then we can maybe make a restaurant reservation somewhere,” and if there needs to be a babysitter involved, you’re in that stage, then you make it happen.

You get the logistics and then you both have it on your calendar, you're both looking forward to, you got a reservation somewhere, it's probably going to happen. Whereas, if you just generally have in your mind like, “Yeah, we should spend time together,” yeah, that's not going to happen. Or getting together with friends. Many of the people who are happiest about their time, the high-time perception scores in my studies are the people who spent the most time with friends, because they are the people who make us feel time is good, like we have time for the things we want to do.

You look at your priority list for the next week and say, “Oh, actually I really want to get together with this friend I haven't seen in ages. Let's see if we can go out for a drink together sometime during the week.” You e-mail that person, you look at your calendar, see when it can happen, all of a sudden, wow, you're meeting for a drink on Thursday night. How exciting is that? How awesome is that? You're going to look forward to that all week. That's how you schedule these priorities. That's how you think about what you'd like to be doing, get it on the calendar and then these things happen.

[0:41:18.3] MB: I love the two of the themes from that. One, the planning your week before you get in them, phenomenal tactic, and I borrowed a very similar strategy from – you see the author of GTD?

[0:41:29.8] LV: Yeah, getting things done, yes.

[0:41:31.1] MB: Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, same thing. I use the same exact methodology. I do it on Sundays. I spend an hour or two of planning out my whole week and setting my most important tasks for every single day, and that really helps me feel like I'm starting the week with a foot ahead basically. The other thing that I found really interesting is that you – everybody's to-do list, or priority list often is almost exclusively career focus. I love that you included relationships, but also really self on there. It's such an important bucket and I feel like many cases gets almost completely left off and neglected.

[0:42:03.8] LV: Yeah, but it's really what makes life feel doable. I mean, if you have on there like, it doesn't even have to be the things you do regularly. If you run five times a week already, that doesn't have to be one of your personal priorities. That's probably already going to happen. You're good about that. Maybe it's that you want to instead of just doing your three miles on the treadmill in the morning, someday you're going to go find beautiful park and run there.

Like you look at the upcoming weather for the week and see that one day, it's going to be a really great weather and you want to go to this park and you can carve out time for that to happen, wow, you’re going to have a great run, you're going to look forward to it, you're going to enjoy it, you're going to think about it afterwards. Something like that could go in there, or time for a hobby perhaps, or even reading 100 pages in the novel that has been sitting on your bedside stand for the last six months. That could be a personal priority that you want to get through to the next week.

Yeah, elevating these things to the same status as your work priority list, your work to-do list, just massively increases the chances that they happen, and it treats them with the importance that these things deserve, because they are important. This is an important part of life. Life isn't just work. Work is a wonderful part of life, hopefully. Work is a very enjoyable, meaningful, fulfilling part of life, but it tends not to be the only thing. Treating ourselves and our relationships with prior – as important as well, can really make us feel like whole people.

[0:43:19.6] MB: I want to jump into another tactic that I've heard you share that I think is really impactful and I wanted to share with the audience, which is this idea of writing your next year's review, or writing your next year family letter.

[0:43:33.6] LV: Yeah. This is a way to start thinking about your goals, but putting your goals into a near-term thing, like the next six to 12 months. One way you can think about this is writing your own year in performance review, either for the end of this year, or if you're listening to this at the end of the year, maybe think about the next calendar year.

Let's say it's been an amazing year for you professionally and you're giving yourself this performance review that's making you pop the champagne corks, because it's been so awesome. What three things would you have done professionally in the course of the year that would make it so amazing? You think about what these goals would be, these things you would write in a prospective performance review, because those are the things that made an amazing year professionally, so those are really your top career goals.

You can do this in your personal life too, if you think about what you might write in a holiday letter if you have listeners who are young enough who've never gotten one of these really ridiculous misses that people have mail out around the holidays. You just think about it yourself being like a holiday party in December, and you're telling your friends and family what you did in your personal life that mattered to you in the course of the year. You can look forward to December think about, “Well, what would these things be?” If this were to be a really amazing year, the year that I'm just on fire at this party telling people about. What would those three things be?

Maybe it's the year that you took the extended family trip to Ireland, or the year you ran that 10k, or the year you joined a choir, or did a community theater production, or whatever it is. What would be so cool in your personal life that you would really just want to tell people about it at this party? List three things. Now between the prospective performance review and this holiday party chitchat, you have six top goals. These are six top priorities for the next six to 12 months, whatever time of the year it happens to be.

You should put this list somewhere really prominently. Put it on your desk, put it on a post-it note on your computer. You want to look at this list all the time, because this list can start informing your schedule choices. If you plan your weeks on Friday like I do, or Sunday like you do, look at that post, look at the six things and say, “Well, what am I actually doing in the next week that would get me toward those goals? Am I making any steps toward those? Because if I can, well those should definitely be on the priority list.” If this is the year you're going to run that 10k, you should for the next year, next week you can definitely make it a priority to research which 10k you think you could do, and maybe find a training book somewhere and find your training shoes, your running shoes that you have to dig out of the closet and find somebody who'll go run with you. These are all steps you can take that will get you toward those goals.

[0:46:01.3] MB: It's funny, the same Sunday review that I do, sort of your Friday review, I keep a list of all of my medium-term goals, and then I'll look at those and then say, “All right, how am I going to – this next week, how am I going to take action towards as many of those as possible?” Monday, I'm going to take action on this one, Tuesday I'm going to take action on this one, etc. It's a great way to chunk those down and keep meaningful progress going every single day, or every single week.

[0:46:27.5] LV: That's great. I love that you're thinking about putting it in Monday and Tuesday, because I think that's the real pro tip here for your listeners is when you make that priority list, put as much of it as possible toward the front of the week. The reason is it's A, it's treating it as a priority, so you want to do it first. Also stuff is going to come up. I mean, the reality of life is that things will happen. Like I don't know, be a big snowstorm, or power outage at the office, or work emergency, major client calls, you need X, Y, or Z. The closer these priorities are toward the front of the week, the emergency either have yet to happen, or if you do have stuff come up, then you have the rest of the week to reschedule this stuff.

Whereas, if you put it off till the end of the week and say, “Oh, I'm going to do all that Friday afternoon.” Well, you might not, because you'll be tired on Friday afternoon. You won't have energy to start these new projects. If you're racing to get to the weekend with stuff that's come up during the week, then that's these high-priority, but maybe not urgent stuff is going to get jettisoned. As much as possible, if you can do Monday or Tuesday, the better off you'll be.

[0:47:25.7] MB: I want to zoom in, we've been talking about time in a broader sense. I want to zoom in a really specific day part and see what from your work and research have you seen around the most effective morning and evening routines.

[0:47:39.7] LV: Yeah. Well morning routines are always a big draw in the productivity world. We all want to find the perfect morning routine that's going to help us get so much done and start the day on the right foot. I think mornings can really be great. I mean, I love when I see people with morning routines. I want to stress for people, it doesn't have to be this great thing, it doesn't have to be long, it doesn't have to be elaborate. If you're doing the stuff in life that you find important to you, like if you are finding time for exercise and any creative pursuits you want to do and spending time with friends and family, you probably don't actually even need some elaborate morning routine.

It's more that for many people who have full-time jobs that are in offices and have family commitments, or personal life commitments, morning tends to be the time that you can get to these things that are important to you, before everybody else wants a piece of you the rest of the day, before you wind up with all the work emergencies, the personal demands. If there is something that is important to you, that life has a way of crowding out, then morning is often the best time to do those things.

Probably, you don't have to wake up at the crack of dawn, you probably don't even have to sleep less. Many people when they track their time, they discover that they are not spending the hours before they go to sleep in particularly wonderful ways. This tends to be the time when people are just watching TV that they didn't mean to watch, puttering around the house, surfing the web, two-hour Instagram, I don't know what it is. People are doing stuff before bed that they're just tired, and so it just keeps going.

If you can put a stop to it a little bit earlier, go to bed a little bit earlier, wake up a little bit earlier, and you can then have time in the morning for these things that do require focus and discipline, like exercise, or writing that novel, or any other creative pursuit that you wish to do, or even family breakfast, or something like that, if you have a family and family dinner is difficult to make happen because people are all these different places, family breakfast could be a great substitute.

Yeah, it's whatever is important to you that life has a way of crowding out. I think for most people, the evening routine is about enabling the morning routine, so the evening routine is about making sure that you are going to bed at a time that will allow you to wake up rested and ready to go. Sadly enough, I do think that going to bed early is how grown-ups sleep in.

[0:49:50.9] MB: Yeah, I totally agree with that. I think the idea of flipping the unproductive evening time into really productive morning time is a great hack, because it's so easy to get sucked into just sitting on your phone and looking at Instagram for an hour before you go to sleep, and yet, that time is completely wasted. Whereas, if you would have just gone to bed and then gotten up an hour early, you could do some really fruitful and productive work first thing in the morning.

[0:50:18.0] LV: Exactly. Easier said than done of course, but yes, that is the goal.

[0:50:21.6] MB: I mean, I think it comes back to one of the themes we've talked about earlier in the conversation, which is the idea of measurement, right? If you're if you're not measuring and tracking that time, you might not even really be aware that you're – how much time you're really spending browsing your phone, or watching TV, or doing things that maybe you don't want to spend five hours a day on your phone, maybe three hours a day would be plenty of time texting and chatting and that stuff.

[0:50:46.6] LV: Then you get two hours back. Yeah. Or else, you're walking around with this story that you're not a morning person, and I hear this from people all the time, “Oh, I'm not a morning person.” Well sure, I mean, there are people who are night owls and I'm sure many of your listeners truly are. The way to know is if you are doing your best work at night, like if you are running that side hustle at night, you're writing the Great American Novel at night, you're doing your paintings, or composing your music, or whatever it is. If you are doing that at night, great, you're a night owl.

For most people, what they mean when they say they're not a morning person is that they're tired in the morning, but they haven't really thought through, “Well, why am I tired in the morning? Well, maybe it's because I am on Instagram for an hour before bed every night, and my life would be improved in all sorts of ways if I stop doing that and you get an extra hour of sleep, or maybe just get an extra half hour sleep and wake up half an hour earlier and have time to write in a journal, or meditate, or go for a run, or actually spend some relaxed time with your spouse, or kids.” These are all things that you can do if you had a bit more control over getting to bed at a reasonable time, so you could wake up refreshed.

[0:51:42.3] MB: For listeners who want to concretely implement some of the ideas, or themes that we've talked about today, what would be a starting point, or a first piece of homework you would give them as an action item to begin implementing some of these things?

[0:51:57.2] LV: Well, I hope people would try tracking their time for a week. If you can't get through a week, just try for day, right? Try one weekday and one weekend day and see what you learn from that. Often, that can wet your appetite for keeping it going for a week. One fun exercise that might help you have a different perspective on time is to try planning in one of these little adventures during your week.

Think about tomorrow, probably if you're listening to this during the week, tomorrow's a normal workday, nothing crazy going on, but look at your schedule, think about how you plan to spend your time and think about, well what one out of the ordinary, memorable fun thing could I do with my time tomorrow? It doesn't have to be elaborate. I mean, it could be that you take a colleague you've been meaning to chat with and the two of you go to a new restaurant that opened up down the street, or maybe you're working closely with a team, you all know each other pretty well, you decide to go to a park for that meeting instead of sitting in your conference room.
Or maybe it's that you park your car in a different garage and walk a slightly different route into work, and then on the way to your car in the evening, you stop in some cool little store that you saw on the way in and you explore that for a few minutes before you go brave the traffic on the way home. Or maybe at night, it's that you go for a walk after dinner, or you go someplace interesting to have a drink with a friend. Just anything that would be different, that would be a little adventure you can put into your life.

Think about what that might be and make that happen for tomorrow. I promise you that you will remember the day a little bit better, and it will also make you feel you have more time, mostly because you start to see yourself as the person who has the time to do these adventures. That's really all about the mental game. It's all about time is how we perceive it. We do all have the same amount of time and time doesn't stop for anyone, but we do so many things with our amazing brains to change our interaction with it, and that change our perception of it.

[0:53:47.8] MB: For listeners who want to learn more, who want to find you and your work online, what is the best place for them to do that?

[0:53:53.5] LV: Well, you can come visit my website, which is lauravanderkam.com. I'm one of those old school people who's still blogging four times a week, I guess I never left 2007. I enjoy it still. If you listen to all your episodes, or the Science of Success you're looking for other podcasts, I run one called The Best of Both Worlds, with my co-host Sarah Hart-Unger.

I also hope some of your listeners will check out the book that just came out, Off the Clock: Feel Less Busy While Getting More Done. A lot of these strategies that we talked about in this episode on how to make more memories, how to feel more in control of our time, how to feel more time is fun, as opposed to this drum beat marching toward doom.

[0:54:31.8] MB: Well Laura, thank you so much for coming on the show, for sharing your time with us today and for sharing all these insightful lessons and strategies.

[0:54:39.4] LV: Well, thank you so much for having me. I really appreciate it.

[0:54:41.7] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.

August 16, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity

The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing with Daniel Pink

June 21, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity, Mind Expansion

In this episode we discuss the secrets of perfect timing. Is there really a science to timing the most important things in life? Is it possible that something as simple as time of day could impact the effectiveness of doctors and other medical experts? Can you align your day to be more effective just by changing the time that you do certain activities? We dig into these questions and much more as we explore the truth about the power of time - with Dan Pink.

Dan Pink is the New York Times bestselling author of multiple award winning books including his most recent work When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing. Dan has been named one of Thinkers 50’s top 15 business thinkers in the world. His TED talk on the science of motivation is one of the 10 most-watched TED talks of all time and his work has been featured across the globe.

  • Is timing an art or a science?

  • The science of timing is multi-disciplinary challenge

  • The power of multi-disciplinary thinking and how thinking between and beyond the boundaries of academic disciplines gives us the more coherent picture of reality

  • We don’t take WHEN as seriously as WHAT

  • Science say about constructing better daily architectures?

  • The three major day parts - Peak / Trough / Recovery

  • How we should think about aligning our day around each of these periods

  • Our “vigilance” peaks in the morning

  • Align Analytic, Administrative, Creative

  • We see the same patterns across different domains of life

  • All times of day are not created equal

  • The performance gap is pretty astounding

  • Why you should never go to the doctors office in the afternoon

  • “The Science of Breaks” is proving to be really powerful

  • The science of “breaks” is where the science of sleep was 15 years ago

  • “Breaks are for wimps, breaks are a sign of weakness” - this is totally wrong

  • Professionals take breaks, amateurs don't

  • The three “chronotypes” - the field of chronobiology

    • Morning people - “larks

    • Evening people - “owls"

    • Intermediate people - “third birds"

  • “The Munich Chronotype Questionnaire"

  • Does fasting raise your energy levels throughout the day?

  • Does caffeine positively or negatively our energy flow throughout the day?

  • Take a cup of coffee and then a short nap - will energize you tremendously

  • Our lives are a series of episodes, not a clear linear progression

  • Life is full of Beginnings, Middles, and Ends - and each affects us differently

  • Middles can bring us up or bring us down

  • Mid points are often invisible to us

  • Homework: Make a “break list"

  • A small break is better than no break at all

  • Moving is better than not moving

  • Social is better than solo

  • Best breaks are FULLY detached

  • Homework: Track your daily behavior

  • Set an alarm every 45min to an hour

  • How do I feel right now 1-10

  • How am I worked right now 1-10?

  • Chart those answers over time for a week or two

  • Homework: Observe your own behavior and conduct small experiments - A/B Test on yourself

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

Brilliant.png

This weeks episode is brought to you by our partners at Brilliant! Brilliant is math and science enrichment learning. Learn concepts by solving fascinating, challenging problems. Brilliant explores probability, computer science, machine learning, physics of the everyday, complex algebra, and much more. Dive into an addictive interactive experience enjoyed by over 5 million students, professionals, and enthusiasts around the world.

You can get started for free right now!

If you enjoy learning these incredibly important skills, Brilliant is offering THE FIRST 200 Science of Success listeners 20% off their Annual Premium Subscription. Simply go to brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess to claim your discount!

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [Personal Site] Daniel H. Pink

  • [Article] Cognitive fatigue influences students’ performance on standardized tests by Hans Henrik Sievertsen, Francesca Gino, and Marco Piovesan

  • [Faculty Profile] Francesca Gino

  • [Article] Oh What a Beautiful Morning! The Time of Day Effect on the Tone and Market Impact of Conference Calls by Jing Chen, Elizabeth Demers, and Baruch Lev

  • [Article] The Long-Term Labor Market Consequences of Graduating from College in a Bad Economy by Lisa B. Kahn

  • [Article] The Fresh Start Effect: Temporal Landmarks Motivate Aspirational Behavior by Hengchen Dai, Katherine L. Milkman, and Jason Riis

  • [SoS Episode] The Secret That Silicon Valley Giants Don’t Want You To Know with Dr. Adam Alter

  • [SoS Episode] Everything You Know About Sleep Is Wrong with Dr. Matthew Walker

Episode Transcript


[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:12.0] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success, the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than 2 million downloads, listeners in over a hundred countries and part of the Self-Help for Smart People Podcast Network.

In this episode we discussed the secrets of perfect timing. Is there really a science to timing the most important things in life? Is it possible that something as simple as time of day could impact the effectiveness of doctors or other medical experts? Can you align your day to be more effective just by changing the time that you do certain activities? We dig into these questions and much more as we explore the truth about the power of time with Dan Pink. 

In this episode, we discuss why the way we think about grit and willpower is fundamentally wrong. Self-control is one of the most research-validated strategies for long-term success, but the way we think about cultivating, it misses the mark. Emotions don't get in the way of self-control. They’re actually the path forward to sustainable and renewable willpower. How do we develop the emotions that underpin grit, self-control and achievement? We dig into that and much more with our guest, Dr. David DeSteno. 

I’m going to give you three reasons why you should join our email list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. There’s some amazing stuff that’s only available to our email subscribers, so be sure to sign up and join the email list today. First, you're going to get an awesome free guide that we created based on listener demand. This is our most popular guide and it’s called How to Organize and Remember Everything, which you can get completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide. You got to sign up to find out by joining the email list today.

Next, you’re going to get a curated weekly email from us every week called Mindset Monday. Our listeners have been absolutely loving this email. It’s short. It's simple. It’s filled with articles, videos, stories, things we found interesting or fascinating in the last week. 

Lastly, you're going to get exclusive content and a chance to shape the show. You can help us vote on guests. You can help us change our intro music and much more. You can even submit your own questions to upcoming guests. You’ll also have access to exclusive giveaways that only people who are on the email list get access to, and much, much more. Be sure to sign up and join the email list. There’s some incredible stuff, but only subscribers who are on the email list are getting access to this awesome information. 

I want to tell you about one of our earlier episodes this month. In our previous episode with Peter Shallard, we explored the gap that exists between learning and doing. Why it is that so many smart, ambitious people invest hours in their growth and development but failed to see breakaway external results for the time that they've invested? If you sometimes feel overwhelmed by all the things you know you could or should be implementing to level up your life and career, then that episode is going to blow your mind. 

We explore what science is telling us about the actual execution of concrete individual growth and measurable upward mobility across various dimensions of life, which are the most effective tactic for moving yourself from learning to doing, with our special guest Peter Shallard. 

That interview a couple of weeks ago is one of the most impactful and different interviews that we've done on the show. If you want to finally take action on what you been procrastinating on, listen to that episode. It will have a big impact on you. 

Now for interview with Dan. 

[0:03:28.4] MB: Today, we have another legendary guest on the show, Daniel Pink. Dan is the New York Times best-selling author of multiple award-winning books including his most recent work When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing. 

Dan has been named one of Thinker 50s top 15 business thinkers in the world. His TED Talk on the science of motivation is one of the 10 most watched TED Talks of all time and his work has been featured across the globe. 

Dan, welcome to the Science of Success. 

[0:03:56.9] DP: Matt, thanks for having me. It’s good to be here. 

[0:03:58.9] MB: Well, we’re very excited to have you on the show. Austin and I have both been big fans of you and your work for years and years and years. So we’re really excited to finally have you on here. I loved to start out with and kind of dig into some of the core ideas from your recent book When. When you talk about kind of timing, many people sort of bring this idea up. Is timing and art or is it a science?

[0:04:23.7] DP: I used to think that it was an art, but I'm not convinced it’s a science, because to write this book and try to figure out how to make better timely decisions, I realized that there is this incredibly vast body of research on timing. Everything from what’s the effective time of day on what we do and how we do it. How do beginnings affect us? How do midpoints affect us? How do endings affect us?

I think the challenge in this research and the challenge in this body of science is that it's really not a self-contained body. It is spread over many disciplines. So there's a research asking these questions in economics, and in social psychology, and also in anthropology, in cognitive science, in molecular biology. There’s a whole field called chronobiology. It's in anesthesiology, and epidemiology, and endocrinology. So the research is splattered across all these disciplines, and because the people in these individual disciplines often don't talk very much to one another, I don't think they fully realize that they’re asked the same questions. 

[0:05:26.7] MB: I love how multidisciplinary kind of approach is. I men, one of the things that we talk a lot about on the show and one of my kind of intellectual heroes is Charlie Monger, who is a huge champion of kind of multidisciplinary thinking. So I think that’s great approach to pursue this sort of question of timing. 

[0:05:42.7] DP: Yeah. Although I have to say just to be fair. I didn’t set out to take a multidisciplinary approach. I set out to find the evidence, and the evidence turned out to be in multiple disciplines. So, generally, when we have a choice, when we have a volition, yeah, I like to see things from different – From multidisciplinary perspective. But I actually discovered the multidiscipline rather than set out to be explicitly multidisciplinary. 

[0:06:06.9] MB: That's really interesting. I mean, I think it comes back to this kind of fundamental premise that to be true, any discipline of reality, or academia, or whatever has to also reflect what every other discipline reflects, right? So to really figure out what's actually the case, and if we get into kind of the evidence and the science and kind of looking for truth in that sense, I think it all comes back to this idea that every discipline has pieces of the truth, and the only way to really get to the ultimate conclusion in a lot of cases is to kind of merge those types of things. I mean, behavioral and economics is another great example of kind of that cross disciplinary approach. 

[0:06:41.7] DP: Sure, and I think it’s really good point and I actually think that the boundaries between disciplines are not fully arbitrary, but are much more porous than we believe. If you think about economics and social psychology, well, they’re both ultimately about behavior and decision-making and the endless tug between individuals and the context that they’re in. The fact that we label one economics and one social psychology is in some ways arbitrary and if you look at the boundary between social psychology and anthropology. 

Anthropology is less experimental, but the underlying questions are in some ways similar. Again, I don’t want to get a lot of hate mail from social scientists, but they are different disciplines. In some ways that have different methodologies, but I really think the border the far more porous and the more we learn about the brain, the more we learn about even human physiology, the more we realize that the boundary between "behavioral science” and the “life sciences” are probably more porous than we realize too. 

[0:07:49.1] MB: I want to come back to this kind of idea of timing, because I think we could go on about multidisciplinary thinking and how powerful it is, but one of the things that you said in the book that really kind of stuck out to me was this idea that we don't take when nearly as seriously as we take what. 

[0:08:09.2] DP: Sure. I mean, it’s the heart of this book. We tend to be very intentional about certain aspects of our live when we think about our work lives. So what are we going to do? We’re intentional about that. We have a to-do-list. Who are we going to do it with? Companies have HR departments to figure out who gets to participate. But when it comes to when we do things, we think it doesn't matter, and the evidence shows it matters. It matters a heck of a lot. Even on the unit of a day, our cognitive abilities don't stay the same throughout the day. They changed in ways that can be fairly dramatic. When we do something depends on what it is we’re doing, and yet we tend to think of these questions of when as a second order, a third order issue, and it's not. I don't think the question that when are more important than the questions of what or who. But I think they’re as important. I think the evidence, that data, the research says that very clearly and loudly. 

[0:09:03.9] MB: I think it's kind of funny. I mean, the listeners may not hear this in kind of the edited version, but we both actually already had like at least one thing we had to kind of edit out of this and retake and we typically record our interviews earlier in the day and we’ll get into kind of the daily architecture of this stuff kind of flows. I just think it's funny. We’re recording this now, 2 PM in the afternoon, and we are dead in the middle of the trough. So we’re both trying to kind of wake up out of the fog and do this interview. 

But I'd love to get into that a little bit. So tell me about what is the science and the data say about how we should structure our kind of daily architecture and how our mood and our performance changes based on the day part?

[0:09:45.2] DP: So what we see in general is this, that most of us move through the day in three stages. There is a peak, a trough and a recovery. Most of us move through the day in that order, peak earlier in the day, trough middle of the day, recovery later in the day. 

Now, when I say most us, that’s actually very important caveat. Some of this is determined by what’s known as our chronotype, which is basically our propensity to wake up early and go to sleep early or wake up late and go to sleep late. About 15% of us are very strong morning people. About 20% of us are very strong evening people, and most of us are kind of in the middle. So 15% of us are larks. 20% of us are owls. Two-thirds of us are what I call third birds. 

The sequence in which you go through these stages depends on your chronotype, and the simplest way to think about it is owls and not owls, nighttime people and not nighttime people. 80% of us go through the day exactly as I suspect it, peak early, trough middle, recovery later. Owls are much more complicated. they might go through the day recovery, trough, peak, but the main thing is that they hit their peak late in the afternoon and early, sometimes even midevening. So why does this matter? 

Let’s think about these three stages, and this goes to the point I made earlier about when we should do something depends on what it is we’re actually doing. During the peak, which are most of us is early in the. That's when we are most vigilant, and that’s the key word here, vigilant. What does is it mean to be vigilant? Vigilance means that you can bat away distraction. You can guard your cerebral gates. You can fight back against intruders, and that makes it the best time for what social psychologists call analytic work. That work that requires heads down, focus and analysis of writing a report, analyzing data, something like that. 

During the trough, we’re actually not good at very much at all. It’s a very dangerous time of the day. You have a lot of problems at healthcare. You have arrived in auto accidents. Trough is the, as you were saying earlier, Matt, is a less than ideal time of day. So what we should be doing there is work that doesn't require massive amounts of brainpower or creativity or administrative work. Answering routine emails, whatever it is, the kind of garbage that all of us do day-to-day on the job. 

They recovery period is actually really interesting. Again, for most of us, that’s late afternoon and early evening. The recovery period is really interesting. At that time of day, our mood has recovered. Our mood is higher and we’re less vigilant and that combination can be potent. That makes it a good time for things like brainstorming, iterative work where we’re able to exercise a little bit more mental looseness than mental tightness, and that's pretty much it, that what we should be doing is we should be doing our administrative work during the trough. We should be doing our analytic work during the peak and we should be doing our creative insight work during the recovery. The problem is that we don't do that. It goes back to this idea that we don't take the when as seriously as we take the what. 

[0:12:49.7] MB: So I’d love to get into some of the research behind these conclusions about kind of the day parts and how our mood and behavior changes throughout the day. I know the data behind this is really robust in many cases. So I’d love to kind of hear that. 

[0:13:02.7] DP: There’s so much interesting stuff, Matt, and what I think is interesting about this, again, and maybe it's analogous to the multidisciplinary research we’re talking about before, is how much we see the same patterns across different domains of life. Let me tell you what I mean by that. So let’s take education. There’s some brilliant research on student test scores in Denmark. This was done by Francesca Gino at Harvard and two Danish researchers. Something very peculiar, sort of natural experiment occurred in Denmark where students in Denmark take standardized tests as they do here in the United States. But in Denmark students take these tests on computers. That don't take them on pencil and paper. 

However, the typical Danish school has more students and computers, so everybody can take the test at the same time. So they’re randomly assigned to take the test at different times of day, and it turns out that kids who take the test in the afternoon versus the morning score considerably worst. They scored as if they missed two weeks of school. That’s pretty amazing when you think about it, and that if taking a test in the afternoon is the equivalent in your performance of missing two full weeks of school. We see this over and over again in education where all times of day are not created equal when it comes to student performance. 

You see this in big time in healthcare where some very alarming research out of the healthcare sector is showing that, for instance, hand washing in hospitals deteriorates considerably in the afternoon. Anesthesia errors are four times more likely at 3 PM than at 9 AM. Doctors perform colonoscopies find as half as many polyps than afternoon exams as doing morning exams. You see this in corporate performance, where there’s a great piece of research out of NYU, New York University, about the tone of corporate conference calls, earnings calls, and earnings calls in the afternoon are more negative, irritable and combative than earnings calls in the morning even when you control for the fundamentals of what earnings company is reporting. 

So in every domain – I mean, basically in multiple, multiple domains, we see some fundamental tenets here about human performance, and one of them is that our cognitive abilities don't stay the same throughout the day. That's really important. Our brainpower isn't the same throughout the day. It changes. Some of those changes can be fairly dramatic so that the difference between the daily high point and the daily low point is often quite significant. 

As I was saying before, when we do something depends on what it is that we’re doing, and that goes back to what we’re saying before. It's like, so we should be much more intentional about putting the right work at the right time, doing that heads down, lockdown focus work requiring vigilance during our peak period, which for most of us is morning. For Alice, it’s later in the day. Doing that more insight-driven brainstorming ton of research during the recovery period, which for most of us is late afternoon or early evening, and using the period in the middle of the day, which is generally a pretty bad period for stuff that isn’t a heavy lift, answering routine emails, doing that kind of thing. 

[0:16:02.6] MB: I find the performance gap be pretty amazing. I mean, the Danish kind of schools example. 

[0:16:08.4] DP: Yeah. It’s incredible. 

[0:16:09.9] MB: Yeah, it was really, really fascinating. 

[0:16:11.8] DP: It’s really incredible. I think the other thing that’s interesting about that researcher is also – I don't want to sound hopeless here, because there are remedies for this. So, I mean, the meta-remedy is being much more intentional about doing the right work at the right time. But the other more tactical remedy, in Denmark, and you see it with some of these other studies as well, is that one of the things that help give those scores a lift back up was giving the kids a break. Giving the kids a 20 to 30 minute break beforehand to get a snack and run around. When they had that, they afternoon test scores went up. 

There’s another aspect of the science of all of these, which is that the science of breaks is proving to be really powerful. That we should be taking more breaks. We should be taking certain kinds of breaks. We see it in the research on handwashing in hospitals. One of the remedies for getting handwashing in hospitals backup was to give the nurses more breaks in particular, in that case, social breaks, breaks with other people. So if we go into the underlying evidence, we can get some clues about what's going on in our midst and how to do things a little bit better. 

[0:17:16.1] MB: Yeah, I think the kind of theme of recovery and downtime and taking breaks is something we see again and again as kind of one of the most common and recurrent themes on the show. We've interviewed a number of people who are kind of top performance experts in that kind of stuff and they talk again and again about how critical rest and recovery is. So that's fascinating. 

[0:17:35.9] DP: Well, here’s what I think about that. It’s interesting you say that, because my analogy here is that if you look at, again, the science. I think the science of breaks is where the science of sleep was 15 years ago, that I’d really do think that in this country we have a somewhat changed perspective on sleep that I find fewer people saying, “Oh, sleep when I'm dead,” or “Sleep is for wimps.”

I think that in the last 15 years or so, the science of sleep is deep and its hit some critical level of public consciousness. So at least somewhat less, people are not celebrating as much sleep deprivation and pulling all-nighters because we know it hurts performance. It doesn't help performance. That you shouldn’t be bragging about that, you should be ashamed of that. I mean, nobody would brag about saying, “Oh my God! I came into the office yesterday and was totally drunk,” and sleep of sleep has that kind of effect and I think we’re changing on that, on our approach to sleep. I think the same thing is happening with breaks. 

Again, I don't have clean hands here because I'm someone who never took breaks and my attitude toward breaks was that breaks are for wimps, breaks are sign of weakness, breaks are concession, that amateurs take breaks, but professional don’t. As you’ve discovered on your show, it’s the exact opposite. Professionals take breaks. It’s the amateur that don't take breaks. But every once in a while a body of research, a body of science gets deep enough that it has some substance, but whatever collection of forces, it ends up hitting public consciousness and changing the way we approach our life. I think that is happening now asleep and I think that's on the brink of happening with breaks. 

[0:19:11.4] MB: That's a really fascinating insight, and I think it's great way to kind of look at that, because sleep definitely has become more – People have started to realize how critical it is. We had an interview a couple of months ago with Dr. Matthew Walker, who’s one of the top sleep experts. 

[0:19:25.9] DP: I recommend that book all the time. I’m spacing on the name of it, but it's Why We Sleep, something like that. But it's the best book on sleep science around. 

[0:19:33.7] MB: Yeah. Yeah, he's a fascinating dude, and we’ll throw that in the show notes so listeners can did into that. But it's a great way to kind of conceive that, because you're right. I think there is still a huge stigma around taking breaks. You know what I mean? I can’t imagine going into a random fortune 500 company’s office and seeing somebody napping at 3 PM in the afternoon. 

[0:19:52.6] DP: Yeah, and maybe they should be. Maybe they’d be performing better. It is a weirdly American thing, that is that somehow Americans, no matter where they come from, have absorbed some of this puritanical mindset where breaks are sign of not only like physical and intellectual laziness, but they’re a sign of moral weakness, and it’s just the wrong way to think about it. As I said, I'm a sinner in all of these, because that's what I used to think. 

[0:20:23.5] MB: Yeah. I mean, I think I have the same belief, and even years ago, the same kind of conception about sleep and how it wasn’t important and all of this kind of stuff. The more you look at, whether it's the science and the data, people like Dr. Matthew Walker, or even the world's top performance experts, sleep, rest, recovery, it's so vital. 

[0:20:41.4] DP: Absolutely. You have many NBA teams now have sleep consultants where they’re monitoring their players’ sleep where they're actually taking away some of the autonomy players have over the temperature in the rooms when the sleep. So sleep is a part of our performance. Just as breaks are part of our performance. 

Again, I used to think that these things were deviation from performance. They were concessions that you had to make, but I actually think the better way to look at it is that breaks are part of performance itself. 

[0:21:13.6] MB: Yeah, I think that’s a great way to kind of contextualize it. 

[0:21:17.5] DP: So I want to come back and circle back to this idea of chronotypes and the three kind of different ways that people kind of live in the world and how they kind of interact with different day cycles. Could you tell me again and kind of share what were the three different types?

[0:21:32.5] DP: Sure. We have to think about it as a spectrum, but the three broad categories are — you can think of as morning people, evening people and intermediate people, or to put some feathers on it, larks, owls and what I call third birds. As I said, the distribution is about 15% of us are larks, 20% of us are owls and about two-thirds of us are third birds in the middle. 

What that does is all that is it's a way of categorizing your propensity. Are you more likely to – Are you the kind of person who wakes up early and goes to sleep early? Or are you the kind of person that wakes up late to goes to sleep late? Or are you somewhere in the middle? That has an effect on how we navigate the day, that the patterns of the day, the hidden pattern of the day is somewhat different for these. It's different for every individual. There’s individual variation But in this broader group, there is variation in that larks are peak, trough recovery. Most third birds are peak, trough recovery. Owls are much, much, much, much, much more complicated. 

[0:22:34.8] MB: It's really just to see me. I mean, I think you hear and kind of experience colloquially people saying, “Oh! I'm a night owl,” etc., etc. But there's actually a ton of science that kind of supports that conclusion. 

[0:22:46.6] DP: Oh my God! There's a whole field called chronobiology that has devoted a huge amount of resources to this. It's relatively easy to figure out your chronotype. There is a something called a Munich chronotype questionnaire, the MCTQ, which you want to take online. You can also do it in a back of the envelope way by figuring out your midpoint of sleep on days when you don't have to get up to an alarm clock.

[0:23:09.3] MB: That's really interesting. So basically when you say midpoint of sleep, just take the time that you – 

[0:23:13.6] DP: Yeah. Well, let’s do it for you, Matt. So let’s think about — What’s important here to do is think about what chronobiologists call as a free day. A free day is a day you don't have to wake up to an alarm clock and you’re also not massively sleep deprived. So you're sleeping and you can wake up when you want and you’d go to sleep when you want. 

So, for you, when would that be? On a free day, you don't have to wake up to an alarm clock, but you're not massively sleep deprived so you’re not trying to catch up. When would you we typically go to sleep? At what time?

[0:23:37.0] MB: Probably 10 PM. 

[0:23:39.8] DP: And then what time would you typically wake up?

[0:23:41.7] DP: Probably between six and seven. 

[0:23:43.1] DP: Okay, so let's call it – I mean, just call it six, all right? So you wake up at six. What we’re trying to do here is figure out your midpoint of sleep. So your midpoint of sleep if you went to sleep at 10 and woke up at six, your midpoint of sleep would be 2 AM. Okay. So you're a lark definitely. 

[0:24:00.3] MB: Yeah. I mean, I think I definitely am. 

[0:24:01.8] DP: So if your midpoint of sleep is 3:30 AM or earlier, you're probably a lark. If it's 5:30 AM or later, you're probably an owl, and if it between 3:30 and 5:30, you’re a third bird. So that's fairly larky profile right there. So you’re probably in the 15% of people who are larks. So you’re going to go to the day probably peak, trough, recovery and your peak is probably going to begin earlier and end earlier than my peak. I'm not an owl by any means. I’m larky, but not a full-fledged lark like you. 

So for you, someone like you, that start in the morning, relatively early in the morning, is going to be when you're most vigilant. So any work you have that requires vigilance is best done during that stretch of time. 

[0:24:44.5] MB: It's funny I’ve kind of, before even discovering when I think I'd kind of stumbled into this daily architecture of having my first couple of hours of the day be all around kind of that proactive, most important tasks, kind of the important but not urgent kind of activities. 

[0:25:00.2] DP: Absolutely, and that's hard to do. Most of us don't do that. Most of us know – And Eisenhower's famous 2x2 matrix of important and urgent, most of us neglect the important for the urgent and it takes some discipline and good set of choice architecture, a good pattern of choice architecture to get around that. 

[0:25:21.6] MB: So there's a couple kind of variables that I'm curious if you looked at or stumbled upon in your research. One of them is fasting. Have you seen or did you uncover anything about how fasting, either positively or negatively kind of impacts energy levels throughout the day? 

[0:25:37.5] DP: I not look at that. I’ve found a lot of the research on nutrition or whatnot somewhat internally contradictory and I didn't feel comfortable going full throttle. 

[0:25:46.6] MB: Yeah, it’s a minefield. 

[0:25:47.3] DP: Yeah exactly. I didn't feel comfortable. That said, I mean, there is research out there on – Certainly, there's a lot of research showing that calorie restriction, sometimes severe calorie reduction can aid in longevity. There is some research now and some practice out there on intermittent fasting. There is a very interesting line of research. Again, it's not in humans yet, called TRF, time-restricted feeding, which suggests that the key to weight control might not be what you actually eat, but when you eat it, and then if you can restrict your eating to a certain 12-hour period, like you never eat before 7 AM and after 7 PM, that that might be helpful for weight loss.

There are these more popular books with these various kinds. I've no idea how scientifically valid they are where you fast for two days and then eat what you want for five days. This intermittent fasting might have effect of rebooting or streamlining our metabolism. 

[0:26:51.2] MB: Yeah. I mean, trying to step aside from the whole weight loss and that kind of question, because I know that can be a disaster. I was more curious specifically about kind of energy levels, but it sounds like you didn't necessarily go down that rabbit hole. 

[0:27:01.9] DP: No, I didn't. I found that nutrition work a thicket. I really did.

[0:27:06.2] MB: Yeah. It is a thicket. 

[0:27:08.4] DP: And I didn’t know how much guidance I can give readers based on the thicket. Maybe bushwhacking through that thicket, I wasn't sure I was going to get it right and I wasn't sure whether the people who are doing the research actually fully knew, because there are a lot of contradictions from study to study. I also feel like – And this is science, too, that, “Oh! What we thought two years ago about this is not right.” “Oh! What we thought two years before that, that’s not right either.” So whatever it is we’re thinking about today could be superseded by whatever it is that we discover two or three year attempts. 

[0:27:43.1] MB: So this is kind of a related sort of just tidbit of a question, but did you find any research or look at all on the impacts of caffeine and kind of that peak, trough or daily energy levels?

[0:27:53.6] DP: There are some. For instance, I think there’s a pretty strong argument against having a cup of coffee as soon as you wake up, and the research – Coffee has a caffeine delivery mechanism. When we wake up, we start producing cortisol. It’s a stress hormone, and that's one of things that helps us wake up. We produce it naturally. It's part of what is waking up, and it turns out the caffeine can interfere with the production of cortisol. 

So if you inject caffeine, immediately you inject caffeine while you're producing cortisol, it can actually slow the production arrest/stymie the production of cortisol. So what you’re better off doing is waiting an hour or so before introducing caffeine in the morning, because at that point your cortisol levels will have begun declining and you can then use the caffeine to bring up your levels of alertness.

There's also some interesting research on napping and coffee drinking. There’s a very strong argument in the science for taking very short naps. There is an even stronger argument for having a cup of coffee before taking a very short nap, because it takes about 25 minutes for caffeine to get into your bloodstream. 

So if you drink a cup of coffee and then lie down and try to get a 10 or 12 minute nap, when you're waking up and set your alarm for 25 minutes, it takes you 5, 10 minutes just to fall asleep. You can nap for 12 or 13 minutes. When you're waking up, you are able to get the restorative benefits of the nap without the groggy-buggy feeling and the added bonus of a big dose of caffeine kicking in at that exact moment. 

[0:29:30.3] MB: This is obviously kind of a sample of one, but I found that if I forgo caffeine completely, my energy level, let’s say it sorts of stays at like a 6 out of 10 throughout the day, and if I have it in the morning, my energy is like an eight or nine in the morning, but then I think it almost amplifies the kind of trough and the crash in the afternoon. 

[0:29:49.6] DP: Sure. That sounds plausible. I mean, I don’t know the physiology well enough to draw to assert big, big claims about that, but that seems very plausible to me. I remember, human beings got by fine without caffeine for a long time. 

[0:30:04.7] MB: So let's zoom out of this sort of nutritional rabbit hole and even further out of kind of the daily architecture component, and I want to get to the kind of idea of timing in a more macro sense in terms of life events and how those kind of – It impacts our lives in a broader sense. Can you talk a little bit about some of the conclusions that you’ve found and doing the work for the book?

[0:30:27.2] DP: Sure. I mean, what we have here is that our lives are in many ways a series of episodes. They’re not clear linear progression in many cases, and episodes have beginnings, middles, and ends, and beginnings, middles and ends each exert different effects on our behavior. So there’s a whole body of research on how do beginnings affect us. There’s a fascinating body of research on how midpoints affects us. Sometimes midpoints bring us down. Other times it fires us up. There’re some great stuff on endings. How do endings shape our memory? How do endings shape our mood? How do endings change our behavior? This stuff is as important as the day-to-day effects of biology and physiology, physiology and psychology on how we perform. 

[0:31:10.7] MB: Let’s go deeper into that. So let's start with beginnings. Talk about how beginnings, kind of how do they shape us and what are kind of the implications of being in the beginning phase of something. 

[0:31:21.9] DP: Well, it’s going to demand from domain to domain. For instance, you look at some of the research in economics, particularly from Lisa Kahn at Yale showing that the initial labor market of conditions when you graduate, basically – I’m don’t want to fancy it up. There’s a great research for instance from Lisa Kahn at Yale who found that the unemployment rate when you graduate college can predict what your wages are going to be 20 years later. So that somebody who graduate from college in a recession 20 years later is going to probably learn – A similarly situated person will earn less than someone who graduated in a boom time. So what the labor market is like when you first enter it has a big effect on our wages literally two decades later, which is a little bit alarming. 

There’s also some great research from Katie Milkman at Penn, Jason Riis at Penn, Hengchen Dai was at Penn, now is a, I think, UCLA, about the importance of picking the right date to start something. So certain dates operate as what they call triggering a fresh start effect, where we do this weird form of mental accounting on certain days where we banish our bad, old selves to the past and open up a fresh ledger on our new selves. So what they found is people are more likely to start a diet or start a new exercise regimen or those kinds of positive behavioral changes, they’re more likely to start them on a Monday rather than on a Thursday, on the first of the month rather than on the 13th of the month, on the day after their birthday rather than the day before their birthday. 

[0:32:52.6] MB: I can definitely see that. So with the kind of awareness of that knowledge, how do you think we should sort of think about shaping or changing the way we interact with the beginnings in our lives?

[0:33:04.9] DP: Again, I think it’s a question of intentionality, that is – So, for instance, you and I happen to be talking on a Thursday that is the 31st of the month. That's a really bad day to start something in general, because Thursday is not a fresh start date. The 31st is not a fresh start date. What we also know is that the first of the month is actually a pretty good for a start date. So you’re starting on the day before the first of the month. So if I were planning some kind of behavior change of my own, today would not be the ideal day to start it. 

Again, it’s just simply being – Going back to your earlier question, Matt, it's like we don't take the when as seriously as we take the what. So we know what we should, “Hey, I need to stop eating meat,” or, “Hey, I need to exercise more.” But when we start doing that can play a role in how long we sustain the behavior. 

[0:33:56.4] MB: That totally makes sense. I mean, I think the simplest way that I could kind of conceive of that is even just the birthday example. It’s really simple, right? If it's about to be your birthday, you want to go out and have a nice dinner and eat some cake and kind of let loose. You’re definitely not going to be starting a diet or kind of radically changing your life right before that happens. 

[0:34:15.9] DP: No, but the day after your birthday is a very important for a start date for people. 

[0:34:20.0] MB: So what about middles? What did you find about middles and how they kind of function in our lives?

[0:34:25.2] DP: Will, as I said, midpoint, two things. Sometimes they bring us up, sometimes they bring us down. So you look at the research on well-being over the course of a lifetime and it turns out that it's shaped like a U where we’re relatively happy in our 20s and 30s, begin to decline in our 40s, reach of bottom in our 50s and then start to take it back up in our 60s, 70s, and if we make it, 80s and 90s. Then you also see other kinds of patterns of behavior and how will people comply with rules and how diligent they are where at the beginning they’re very diligent, at the end they’re very diligent, but their diligence fades a little bit in the middle. 

On the other hand, there's also research on the other side of that showing that teams, when they do team projects, they really don't begin their work in earnest until the middle of the project. So if a team has 35 days to finish a project, they’ll likely get started in earnest on day 18. The first 17 days, they won't do that much and it's only when they hit that temporal midpoint where they throw off old patterns and reengage and really get going. 

Also, some research from the NBA showing that for NBA teams, basketball teams – Again, basketball is something where there is an explicit midpoint. Most midpoint are invisible to us. Basketball has a very visible midpoint. It’s called halftime. A horn goes off. We announce it. These researchers found that teams ahead at half time are more likely to win the game with one exception. Teams that are trailing by one point are more likely to win than teams that are ahead by one point, that being down by one at halftime is equivalent to being up by two in your win probability. So sometimes midpoint create a slump, sometimes they create a spark, and simply being aware of all that allows you to be volitional enough about it to do something about it. 

[0:36:16.3] MB: In essence, midpoints are kind of these critical inflection points that can have a tremendous shift in one direction or another. 

[0:36:22.9] DP: Absolutely, and they're usually invisible to us. That's a problem. So if we make them visible, we can be – Again, my word of the moment, intentional about what we do about it. 

[0:36:33.5] MB: That's a great point. It's always hardest to kind of figure out when you're in the middle, right? The beginning are usually pretty clear, the ending is pretty clear, but the middle is the challenging part.

[0:36:41.5] DP: Right. I mean, certain project will have a certain duration and they’ll be a deadline or something like that and then you can work backward. But yeah, and that kind of ambiguity makes it tough sledding sometimes. 

[0:36:50.2] MB: And coming to this idea of sort of endings and the importance of endings. I know you share a really funny example of when people typically run a marathon.

[0:36:59.9] DP: Sure. That’s the research from Adam Alter and Hal Hershfield showing that people are disproportionately likely to run their first marathon in years that end in a 9, so 29, 39, 49, 59. 49-year-olds are, for instance, three times more likely to run a first marathon than 50-year-olds, because this is another effective ending. If the end of something becomes salient, we kick a little bit harder. 

[0:37:23.9] MB: That's fascinating. And again, I think it makes sense intuitively, but it's really interesting to see when the data kind of backs that conclusion up. 

[0:37:31.4] DP: Oh, yeah. 

[0:37:32.6] MB: So I think this is really interesting kind of conception that in many cases we don't prioritize or sort of de-prioritize the timing of things in our lives, but in reality that’s just as important as many other factors. 

[0:37:48.7] DP: Yeah, absolutely right. 

[0:37:50.9] MB: So for listeners who want to kind of take this concept of timing and the science of timing and apply it in some way concretely, what would kind of be a piece of homework that you would give to them in terms of kind of an action step they could implement in their lives to start being more intentional, as you said, about the timing of things around us both in our days and in the broader story of our lives?

[0:38:13.5] DP: Well, there are all kind of things. There are all kinds of things you can do. I think one of the simplest one is to make a break list, and I try to do this every day that I'm in my office, which is I will write down a certain time of day, let's say like 1:00 in the afternoon when I will take a break and I'll put it into my list of things to do that day at that particular time. So if I had a meeting or a phone call at a particular time of the day, I would never miss that. So I will go every afternoon, take –, I'm not going crazy here. At least one 10 or 15-minute walk around my neighborhood, and what we know about the design principles of breaks, it breaks our – That something is better than nothing. So even a short break is better than no break at all, that moving is better than stationary. So you're better off being in motion rather than just being plopped on the couch. 

We know that social is better than solo. So breaks with another person are more restorative. We know that the best breaks are fully detached, that as you leave your phone at home, you leave your phone behind and you don't talk about work if you’re going out with somebody else. So scheduling one break every day to do something, like go walk around outside with somebody, like talking about something other than work can be really, really powerful. 

Some of it also – I mean, among the other – There are so many in this book. There are so many huge. It’s just bursting with takeaways, some of which are going to depend on a particular person's experience or their perspective, but one of the things that think is useful for everybody is trying to track your daily behavior. So you can set your phone alarm to ring every 15 – Not every 15, every 45 minutes or an hour and 15 minutes or some like that and prompt two questions for you. How am I feeling right now on a scale of 1 to 10? How am I working right now on a scale of 1 to 10? If you chart that very simple set of self-reports, if you chart that over time, not bad. 

[0:40:05.1] MB: So what would be a good kind of sample size to chart those, a week, two weeks?

[0:40:11.0] DP: I would try it for a week. Yeah, I’d try it for a week. Again, I think part of – There’s also one of the things that we should get better at is observing our own behavior and actually conducting small experiments. I wouldn't know the answers to a lot of stuff. This is one reason why in the digital world they do so much A-B testing. Facebook knows whether I'm more likely to click a royal blue button or an aquamarine colored button. They serve their customers both and see which one is more popular. I think there's a lot of room to do A-B testing in ourselves, A-B testing organizations, and we should go in and treat a lot of our performance out, and this is at the heart of your show, Matt. We should treat a lot of our performance as if we’re scientists. 

Okay. What do scientists do? They have a hypothesis and they test the hypothesis. So I have a hypothesis that I’m going to do better doing my insight work starting at 5 PM, or maybe even later, 6 PM to 7 PM to do my insight work. Okay, that’s my hypothesis. Is it going to work? Let’s test my hypothesis. So go do that for a month or a week or two weeks or a month and then I see how it goes. If the hypothesis is right, great, I’ve learned something. If the hypothesis is wrong, great, I’ve learned something. 

[0:41:20.7] MB: So I think there’s two kind of funny anecdotes about that. One is when you started talking about breaks and kind of making a break list, the first thing you said about it was, “I'm not going crazy here taking all kinds of breaks,” and I think it's just underscores what we talked about at the beginning the conversation, which is this idea that there's kind of this social stigma around taking breaks. It's okay if you want to take a break then. We’re going to allow you to take one. 

I think the second piece, I love this idea of observing your behavior and kind of conducting small experiments. I mean, about a week ago I started – I was asking, I was really curious about this kind of caffeine and how it impacts people's energy levels to see if you'd seen any science behind it, but I started this experiment about a week ago where I’ve just kind of alternating days where I have caffeine and days where I don’t and seeing what my energy levels look like throughout the day and kind of trying to track that, “Okay. Is there sort of a repeatable pattern here, kind of peaks and troughs?” right? 

[0:42:10.9] DP: Yeah. That’s the way to do it. Yeah, absolutely. 

[0:42:14.0] MB: So for listeners who want to dig in more, who want to find you and your work, where's the best place to find that online?

[0:42:19.8] DP: They can go to www.danpink, D-A-N-P-I-N-K.com, www.danpink.com. I got all kinds of groovy stuff there, good videos. I’ve got PDFs of discussion guides for book. I get information on all the books. I’ve got other freebies and things like that. I do an email newsletter that’s free. I do something that I call a pink cast, which of these regular short videos with tools and tips and everything there is free. 

[0:42:45.9] MB: Well, Dan, thank you so much for coming on the show, for sharing all of these insights and practical strategies. As I said, we've been big fans of you and your work for a long time, so it's great to have you on here to kind of share some insights with the listeners. 

[0:42:57.7] DP: It’s been a pleasure, Matt. Thanks for having me. 

[0:42:59.0] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you, our listeners, master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story or just say hi, shoot me an email. My email is matt@successpodcast.com. That's M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I'd love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener email. 

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our email list today by going to successpodcast.com signing up right on the homepage. There's some incredible stuff that only available to those on the email list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly email from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called How to Organize and Remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the email us today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us as a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talk about in the show, links, transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


June 21, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity, Mind Expansion
Dr.David.DeSteno-01.png

What Everyone Gets Wrong About Willpower & Grit - The Science of Long-Term Success with Dr. David DeSteno

June 14, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Emotional Intelligence, Focus & Productivity

In this episode, we discuss why the way we think about grit and willpower is fundamentally wrong. Self-control is one of the most research-validated strategies for long-term success - but the way we think about cultivating is fundamentally wrong. Emotions don’t get in the way of self-control - they are actually the path forward to sustainable and renewable willpower. How do we develop the emotions that underpin grit, self-control, and achievement? We dig into that and much more with our guest Dr. David DeSteno. 

Dr. David DeSteno is an author and professor of psychology at North-Eastern University where he directs the Social Emotions Group. He is a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science and the American Psychological Association. His work has been featured in the New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and more!

  • What do Marshmallows have to do with success?

  • What do Buddhist monks and hot sauce have to do with the most effective strategies for succeeding over the long term?

  • Lower debt, lower addictive behavior, better SAT scores, and higher overall life success can be predicted by the ability to resist temptation and delay gratification

  • There’s NO DOUBT that delayed gratification/resisting temptation is highly correlated with success 

  • The real question is - what’s the best way to create self-control. Does willpower actually work? Do our emotions get in the way of self-control?

  • Self-control didn’t evolve so that we could save money for retirement or complete Whole 30. It evolved to help us develop strong relationships

  • What are the mechanisms that create fairness and good character? Positive emotions. 

  • Rather than being a roadblock to self-control, emotions may actually be the best way to develop self-control

  • Willpower tends to be pretty fragile, the longer you try to rely on it or use it, it fails

  • 25% of new years resolutions fail in the first 2 weeks - why is that?

  • 1 out of every 5 times the average person tries to resist temptation, they fail

  • Relying too much on willpower can increase your stress levels, cause premature aging, and negative health impacts

  • What research reveals why 90% of people cheat in this crazy experiment 

  • The danger of using reason and rationalizations 

  • Evolutionary basis of these pro-social emotions 

  • Emotional responses to self-control are better and stronger 

  • Self-control is highly correlated with pretty much every positive life outcome - let's dig into the strategies for how we cultivate more of it 

  • Revisiting the marshmallow test for adults - and determining what really works to help adults develop self-control 

  • The three emotions of developing self-control

  • Gratitude

    1. Compassion

    2. Pride

  • People who have more of these pro-social emotions (gratitude, compassion, and pride) persevere 40% longer than someone who doesn't. 

  • Most successful teams at organizations like Google are predicated on empathy and compassion, not technical skill. 

  • These emotions seem to form “pushing vs pulling” - more sustainable and powerful strategy of self-control 

  • The pro-social emotions are “the font of virtue” - you don’t have to struggle and remind yourself, they naturally create more self-control

  • 53% of Americans feel lonely in their work lives. Loneliness is as bad for your health as smoking. 

  • Pro social emotions not only give you “grit” - they give you “grace” - and the ability to invest in others and to help them. 

  • Resume virtues vs eulogy virtues - what are they and how do we balance them?

  • Should you be a jerk or should you be nice in order to succeed?

  • Self-control is double sided - it's about both controlling negative impulses (anger, etc) and making positive long-term choices (eat healthily, save money, etc)

  • Meditation does not tamp down your negative responses, it prevents them from arising in the first place

  • Key strategies for cultivating pro-social emotions

  • Gratitude practices

    1. Meditation

    2. Perspective taking exercises

    3. Self-compassion

  • How do we develop an effective gratitude practice?

  • Noticing gratitude at the moment is even more powerful than gratitude journaling

  • What kind of meditation strategies are the most effective and most scientifically validated?

  • Why Pride? Is that really a positive and pro-social emotion?

  • People will work 40% longer when they feel “proud” of the work they are doing

  • Willpower based cognitive tools are weak and potentially harmful to us both socially and individually

  • Emotionally based strategies for self-control are more robust and sustainable

  • Homework: Choose your emotion and pick a weekly practice to start implementing it

  • Gratitude

    1. Meditation

    2. Compassion

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

SkillShare.png

This weeks episode is brought to you by our partners at Skillshare!

For a limited time, Skillshare is offering our listeners TWO MONTHS OF UNLIMITED CLASSES for only $0.99! That's UNLIMITED classes for two months for only $0.99. Go to www.skillshare.com/success to redeem this incredible offer NOW!

Skillshare is an online learning platform with over 20,000 classes in design, business, technology, and more. Whether you’re trying to deepen your professional skill-set, start a side hustle, or just explore something new, Skillshare will keep you learning and thriving.


Again, Skillshare is offering our listeners the incredible deal of two whole months of UNLIMITED classes for only $0.99 so get out there and start learning at www.skillshare.com/success

SHOW NOTES, LINKS, & RESEARCH

  • [SoS Episode] The Science of Power - How to Acquire It, What Makes You Lose it with Dr. Dacher Keltner

  • [SoS Episode] Blindspots, Bias, Billionaires and Bridgewater with Dr. Adam Grant

  • [SoS Episode] Break Your Phone Addiction (& Your Other Bad Habits) With Charles Duhigg

  • [Book] The Truth About Trust: How It Determines Success in Life, Love, Learning, and More by David DeSteno

  • [Book] Emotional Success: The Power of Gratitude, Compassion, and Pride by David DeSteno

  • [Personal Website] David DeSteno

  • [Wiki Article] Walter Mischel

  • [Article] Self-control forecasts better psychosocial outcomes but faster epigenetic aging in low-SES youth by Gregory E. Miller, Tianyi Yu, Edith Chen, and Gene H. Brody

  • [TEDTalks] David Brooks - “Should you live for your résumé ... or your eulogy?”

  • [Harvard Program] Program for Evolutionary Dynamics

  • [Article] Self-Control and Aggression by Thomas F. Denson, C. Nathan DeWall, and Eli J. Finkel

  • [SoS Episode] Pride: Why The Deadliest Sin Could Hold the Secret to Your Success with Dr. Jessica Tracy

  • [HBR Video] Trustworthy Signals by David DeSteno

Episode Transcript


[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:12.0] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success, the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than 2 million downloads, listeners in over a hundred countries and part of the Self-Help for Smart People Network.

In this episode, we discuss why the way we think about grit and willpower is fundamentally wrong. Self-control is one of the most research-validated strategies for long-term success, but the way we think about cultivating, it misses the mark. Emotions don't get in the way of self-control. They’re actually the path forward to sustainable and renewable willpower. How do we develop the emotions that underpin grit, self-control and achievement? We dig into that and much more with our guest, Dr. David DeSteno. 

I’m going to give you three reasons why you should join our email list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. There’s some amazing stuff that’s only available to our email subscribers, so be sure to sign up and join the email list today. First, you're going to get an awesome free guide that we created based on listener demand. This is our most popular guide and it’s called How to Organize and Remember Everything, which you can get completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide. You got to sign up to find out by joining the email list today.

Next, you’re going to get a curated weekly email from us every week called Mindset Monday. Our listeners have been absolutely loving this email. It’s short. It's simple. It’s filled with articles, videos, stories, things we found interesting or fascinating in the last week. 

Lastly, you're going to get exclusive content and a chance to shape the show. You can help us vote on guests. You can help us change our intro music and much more. You can even submit your own questions to upcoming guests. You’ll also have access to exclusive giveaways that only people who are on the email list get access to, and much, much more. Be sure to sign up and join the email list. There’s some incredible stuff, but only subscribers who are on the email list are getting access to this awesome information. 

In an earlier episode this month, we looked at the gap that exists between learning and doing. Why it is that so many smart, ambitious people invest hours in their growth and development, but fail to see breakaway external results for the time they've invested. If you sometimes feel overwhelmed by all the things you know you could or should be implementing to level up your life and career, then that episode is going to blow your mind. We explore what science is telling us about the actual execution of concrete individual growth and measurable upward mobility across various dimensions of life. We share the most effective tactic for moving yourself from learning to doing with our special guest, Peter Shallard. 

Our interview with Peter Shallard earlier this month is what you need to finally take action on what you've been procrastinating on. That episode is one of the most unique and impactful episodes we've done on the Science of Success. Be sure to listen to that episode and check it out. It's going to have a big impact on you. It will make you into someone who takes action and creates results in their life. 

Now, for our interview with David. 

[0:03:30.9] MB: Today we have another fascinating guests of the show, Dr. David DeSteno. David is author and professor of psychology at Northeastern University, where he directs the social emotions group. He is a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, and the American Psychological Association. He’s work has been featured in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and much more. 

David, welcome to the Science of Success. 

[0:03:52.7] DD: Hi, Matt, thanks for having me on. 

[0:03:54.3] MB: We’re really excited to have you on the show today, and to start out I'm curious, kind of a weird opening question, but what do marshmallows have to do with success?

[0:04:05.1] DD: It's a good question. I think this study, which everybody is colloquially calls the marshmallow test, is one of the most famous studies of self-control. Probably one of the most famous studies of 20th century psychology, and the way it works, just to give your audience a sense, is the psychologist who conducted this was Walter Mischel, and he was interested in what led kids to be able to resist temptation, to have willpower. 

So the way this experiment work is he would come in and he would put a marshmallow down in front of a child, and to a child a marshmallow is a pretty good reward. We’re talking like four-year-olds that like to eat them, and he’d say, “You can have this marshmallow now, but I have to go do something. If you wait till I get back and don't eat it you can have two.” Then he’d go out of the room and he’d leave that there. If you see videos of reenactments of this, it's just adorable watching the kids try to resist trying to eat this marshmallow. Some kids lick it. Some kids cover their eyes. You can feel the gears of willpower turning. 

But what he found was the kids that were able to wait, to not gobble that first marshmallow, had lots of improved outcomes over time. So, for example, they had better grades in school and they had better friendships, more loyalty. Their teachers thought their academic performance was superior. So he followed these kids throughout their life and he found they had better career success. Self-control based on this test has been tied to lower deaths, lower addictive behaviors, all of these things that touch on the many different aspects of success. 

So that kind of has – And there's lots of work building off that has shown us that the ability to delay gratification, to resist temptation, is an important marker for how we succeed in life. It’s very related to one of the buzzwords these days called grit, which is the ability to kind of work hard at something that's difficult to do to succeed down the line. 

[0:05:51.8] MB: So does grit work or is grit overrated and kind of overhyped?

[0:05:56.2] DD: Yeah. There's no doubt that the ability to delay gratification, to value the future more than the present leads to success. It's something that economists call inter-temporal choice, which basically means I have a decision that has different consequences as time unfolds. So if you extrapolate the marshmallow test, what we’re facing as adults, my ability to put money into my retirement account rather than spend it on the newest smartphone, or my ability to go to the gym even though I really don't want to in the moment, rather sit home and watch TV, but to make myself do that for future gain. All of those things clearly underlie success. 

My argument though is that how we get there, how we engage self-control, how we give ourselves the ability to persevere and value the future over the present is wrong. So I think the goal is self-control and grit are clearly important, but there's a much better way to build and cultivate those abilities than the way most people are telling us right now. 

[0:06:56.6] MB: So what's wrong with the way that we currently think about or often kind of speakers right and talk about developing grit or self-control?

[0:07:05.9] DD: Yeah. Well, if you go to your local Barnes & Noble you'll see that the shelves are filled with bestsellers that in one way or another give some form of this advice, and that advice is squelch your emotions. Your emotions are getting in your way. Rely on willpower or what psychologists call executive function, and what executive function is, it’s kind of that part of the mind that we can order around to control other aspects. When you use willpower, basically your mind is saying, “Okay. Part of my mind is desiring something that would be fun in the moment, but I'm going to ignore that. I'm going to suppress that desire and make myself do something else.” 

If we rely on willpower or these other related cognitive tricks, that's the way to make us persevere toward the future, and I think it comes out of the logic of when the studies were done. These studies originally were done in the late 60s, early 70s, when the current metaphor of the time was the mind is a computer, and if only we didn't have these problematic things called emotions we would succeed. 

But if you think about where self-control really comes from, self-control didn't evolve so that we could save money for retirement, so that we can study for exams or complete the whole 30. The reason self-control evolved for most of our evolutionary history was to help us have good, strong relationships. For millennia, that's what mattered for success. You had to be trustworthy. You had to be honest. You had to have people want to partner with you, to work with you, and that's what led us for most of our life, most of our evolutionary history to succeed. And what are the mechanisms that make us be fair, that make us have good character? It's moral emotions. It's things like gratitude, and compassion, and pride. These are the emotions that motivate us to sacrifice our own selfish desires to help other people, and what we’re finding now on our own work is they also make us willing to sacrifice our immediate desires to help someone else who’s important to our success, and that is our own future self. 

[0:09:07.6] MB: So in essence, what you're saying is that rather than sort of being a roadblock to self-control, which I think people often conceive of their emotions as being kind of a barrier, emotions could actually be the best strategy for developing self-control. 

[0:09:21.4] DD: Yeah, they in fact are, I think, and I'm sure we'll get into this, a much stronger root. Now, there are certainly emotions that make us impulsive and focused on the moment. If you're feeling a lot of lust or desire, that may make you do things in the moment that aren’t good for you in the long term. If you're feeling anger, it might make you lash out in the moment. If you're feeling sad, it makes people want to do something in the moment to get a treat or award that helps them relieve that sadness. 

But there are other emotions, things that are central to kind of human social exchange, right? Things like gratitude and compassion that make us do just the opposite. So you know if I borrowed $10 from you, Matt, and I don't pay you back. Right in that moment, I’m ahead. But if I don't pay you back, you're not going to want to cooperate with me or work with me anymore in the future. So what I lose are all those long term gains and the aggregate that I'd get from interacting with you. 

So when I feel gratitude, it makes me pay you back, even though in the moment that's costly to me. Maybe you help me move, and this Sunday I really don't want to move your couch, but I feel really grateful for the help you’ve give me in the past and so I agreed to do it. Those sacrifices we make ensure that over the long term we’re going to have strong relationships, which allow us to have much greater gains over time. 

[0:10:36.2] MB: So I want to dig in a little bit on kind of the failures of some of these cognitive strategies for self-control. Why do they often kind of backfire or why are they not as effective as emotional strategies?

[0:10:47.3] DD: Sure. So one thing we know about willpower is it tends to be pretty fragile. The longer you try to rely on it and try to use it in repeated succession the more likely it is to fail. So, I mean, think about this, 8% of New Year's resolutions are kept to till the years end. 25% are gone in the first week or first two weeks and most people are trying to rely on willpower to keep them. Why are we so bad? 

So psychologists have sent people out into their normal lives following them with smartphones and beeping them at random times a day to see what temptations they're facing and what they do, and what we find is that one out about every five times people try to resist a temptation to do something that distracts them or takes them away from their long-term goals they fail, and if they're tired, or stressed, or distracted, their statistics get even worse. 

I think one reason why it's problematic is we’re constantly in a state of stress. If you're having one impulse and you're always trying to shut that impulse down and overrule it be a willpower to make yourself do something else, your body is in a constant state of conflict and stress and over time it's going to cause not only your mind to give in, but it actually takes a toll on your health. 

So there is a famous study done a couple of years ago by a psychologists named Greg Miller at Northwestern and he looked at kids from disadvantaged backgrounds who were trying the kind of use willpower and self-control in the normal way to succeed, and what he found his they were successful. They resisted the temptations they were confronted with, but at a cost. The constant stress they were under resulted in premature aging of their immune system responses, which if you extrapolate out means, yeah, you're kind of going to be successful, but you're not going to be around as long to enjoy it, which is not a good thing. 

The third problem with kind of relying on willpower and reasoning to have us reach our goals is sometimes we can engage in a bit of rationalization. So let me give you an example. One thing in my lab we study is cheating, and we have this task where people come in and we give them a virtual coin to flip. The reason it's virtual is so we can control what it comes up as. They're told, “There're two tasks that need to be done, a short and fun one, or a really long and onerous one. Flip this coin, if you get heads, you can do the short and fun one. If you get tails, you have to do the long and onerous one,” and we then leave them, and they think there alone, but of course we’re watching on hidden video and we know what they're doing. 

In that task, fully 90% of people – We’ve done this a few times. 90% of people cheat, right? They either don't flip the coin, or they flip the coin that comes up with the answer they don't like and they ignore it and they just report that they got heads, and they go on and do the task. If ask them later, “How fairly did you act?” They say, “Yeah, I did okay. I was kind of fair.” But if you have them watch somebody else cheat in exactly the same way, they'll say it's unfair and immoral and they’ll condemn them for it. 

So what you're seeing here is hypocrisy, and that people, what they're doing is they're creating a rationalization. They'll say, “Well, normally I wouldn't cheat, but I just had a medical appointment today later in that day and I just wanted to be sure I wouldn't be late,” or they'll create other stories like that. Most people would say, “Well, what's going on there is just that their willpower wasn't strong enough. Their motions for desires to get done got in the way.” 

But if we do the experiment again, and this time we prevent them from engaging in rationalization, and the way we do that is we give them something psychologists call a cognitive load, which basically means you have to remember a random string of digits while you're making the decision of whether what you did when you cheated was fair or unfair. Well, you find this hypocrisy goes away. People who are prevented from engaging in rationalization say what they did was wrong and is wrong as when anybody else cheated. 

So what this tells us is if we give you time to rationalize, you will and you create a story. Why giving in? Why not having the self-control to do the right thing was okay? What that means in real life is we create rationalizations for why it's okay for us to not study when we should be studying, or why it's okay for us to spend the money on the new smartphone instead of putting it in retirement or why we deserve the Ben & Jerry's at 2 AM tonight instead of not having it? The upshot of that is if you can rationalize yourself out of thinking why you should persevere toward your long-term goal, then you're never going to bother invoking willpower in the first place. 

For these reasons, kind of cultivating these emotional responses to increase self-control is better because they don't rely on rationalization. They don't need effort. They don't weaken over time. They just constantly push you toward valuing the future over the present. 

[0:15:33.4] MB: So I think we've talked about why and kind of how self-control is so highly correlated with pretty much every positive life outcome. Let's dig a little bit now into some of these strategies. How do we develop more self-control and what are these kind of emotions that we can cultivate to have more self-control?

[0:15:54.2] DD: Sure. So the three that I focus on our gratitude, compassion, and pride, but let me give you just a sense of how this works. So, if what I'm saying is right, then when you're feeling, let's say, grateful, you should do better at the marshmallow test, right? You should show more self-control. So we wanted to actually put this idea to the test, but we wanted to do it with adults, not kids and most adults don't like marshmallows, but they do like cash. So we constructed an adult version of the marshmallow test, and the way this works is people come to the lab and we have them reflect on a time they felt grateful, reflect on a time they felt happy, or just tell us the events of their normal day, which is kind of a neutral control. Then we had them answer a series of 27 questions of the form. Would you rather have X-dollars now or Y-dollars in Z-days? Where Y was always bigger than X, and Z varied over weeks to months. So a typical question might be, “Would you rather have $35 now or $70 and in three weeks?” So basically, would you rather have one marshmallow now or two marshmallows later?

We told him to make it real. We're going to honor one of their questions. So if we pick that question, you said you wanted $35 now. We’d hand you $35. If you wanted $75 in three weeks, we’d mail you the check for $75 in three weeks. What we found is most people were pretty impatient. So we can kind of calculate how impatient they weren't. So an example is people who were feeling neutrally saw $100 in a year is worth $17 today, or another way of saying that is if I gave them $17 right now, they’d forgo getting $100 in a year. I don't know about you, but if you don't need those $17 to survive today, passing up an opportunity to quintuple your money in a year is a pretty dumb idea given what the banks are paying. But if we made people feel grateful, they wouldn't take that, right? They became much more patient. 

For them, it took them over $30 before they were willing to forgo the hundred dollars, and what that translates to in marshmallows is they were much more willing to wait. They valued the future reward more than the present, or they at least discounted the value of the future reward less than most people would. If you value a future goal more than you normally would have, you're not in a state of conflict trying to make yourself aimed toward it. If you value it more, it just becomes easier to pursue it. 

So we found that over time, we measure people's daily levels of gratitude. People who experience more gratitude generally in their life are more future-oriented. They have more self-control. We give them these financial tasks. They want to wait for the larger reward, and other people have done the same thing with pride and compassion. 

So what this means is if you begin to cultivate these emotions regularly in your life, they’re kind of like a booster shop for self-control. So we've seen compassion is tied to less procrastination, more perseverance toward your goal, whether we’re talking about academics or athletics. We found that pride actually makes people persevere toward their goals. They’ll spend 40% more time working to hone skills that they believe are important, and it's a way of just changing what the mind values, making it value the future, which just makes it easier to persevere toward those long-term goals. 

[0:19:05.0] MB: So how do you measure kind of the longer term impacts of these pro-social emotions outside of sort of an isolated lab experiment? Let's say the impact of gratitude 3, 6, 9 months down the road. 

[0:19:18.4] DD: Yeah. So what we said is we would follow people in their daily lives and then give them these financial tests, but there's lots of people who actually study this in organizations. So, for example, there is great work out there by Adam Grant and Francesca Gino, which shows that – Talk about an environment where you need some level of grit. They looked at people working in call centers, basically calling people all the time were hanging up on you and your job is to persevere through this. 

What they found is that if the manager of a group expresses gratitude for people's efforts or expresses – They anticipate that they'll feel proud of their efforts because the manager will appreciate them, gratitude and pride, actually significantly predict people's efforts. They’re work longer and they're more successful and they’re less stressed and they're happier at pursuing whatever their job task is. We see the same thing at Google, right? The teams that are actually the most successful, the biggest predictor isn't the technical prowess of the team. The biggest predictor of a team's success at Google is that team does the manager instill a culture of empathy and compassion among the people there where the individuals who they feel that other people to team care about them, trust them, are interested in them as people, they’re willing to work harder and they're happier and less stressed at doing it. So what we do in the lab, we have tight control over these things to manipulate and see what they do, but the evidence from the real world showing that it increases self-control is pretty prevalent. 

[0:20:54.5] MB: So in essence, this kind of emotional strategy is much more sustainable and powerful way of cultivating self-control. It's almost like the kind of idea of pushing versus pulling. You're not constantly struggling to maintain it. It's sort of a foundation or a font within you that's kind of welling up. 

[0:21:12.2] DD: That's exactly right. We talk about these emotions as kind of fonts of virtue. That is, if you cultivate these, they’re like parent virtues. They increase lots of other things that people admire, and you're not constantly having to remind yourself from the top down, “Oh, okay! I know I don't want to work, but I've got a work, or I know I don't want to practice, or I know I don't want to not eat the Ben & Jerry's. 

If you just feel these emotions, you don't have to remind yourself to do the right thing. They simply make you value those future goals more and then it’s just easier to persevere toward them no matter what they might be. But they also solve another problem that we’re facing these days. So people talk about kind of an epidemic of feeling isolated, or loneliness, or lonely. There's a recent statistic that shows 53% of people report feeling lonely in their public lives and at work. 

We know that loneliness is about as bad for your health as is smoking in terms of what it does to human’s longevity because of the constant stress people are under when they feel isolated. When you cultivate these emotions as part of your daily life, I like to say they not only give you grit, they give you grace. That is, they alter your behavior in such a way that makes you not only willing to work harder to achieve your own goals but to invest in others and help them, and what that does is it reinforces that social side, that social network that is so important for our well-being.

David Brooks likes to talk about a distinction between what he calls resume virtues. Those are the virtues that we need to get ahead at work in our careers, like being nose to the grind stone, assertive, hard-charging, and eulogy virtues, those things that we want to be remembered for, things like being generous, being kind, being fair. He laments that these are different aspects of life and how do we balance them. 

My argument is they’re only different aspects of life and seems separate because the way we live our lives now. For most of human history, there wasn't a difference. The way that you succeeded was having good character, was being generous, was being trustworthy, was being kind, because that's how you formed relationships that allowed you to cooperate with others, whether it was in hunting, in agriculture and whatever it might be. It's only now, because of the way we live our lives, you can kind of succeed as an individual and get enough money to pay for your other needs. 

So if we cultivate these emotions, they build both of those virtues simultaneously. They build our self-control, but they build our social networks and our social support. There's lots of evidence showing that people who express gratitude, who express compassion, who express appropriately calibrated pride, and by that I mean pride in skills that they actually haven’t developed, not kind of egoistic, hubristic pride. We find that attractive. We want to be with those people. We want to work with those people. So I think that's why this is a much more resilient route to kind of building success and building perseverance than the kind of nose to the grind stone willpower way. 

[0:24:11.5] MB: So tell me a little bit more about the evolutionary basis of these pro-social emotions. 

[0:24:17.7] DD: Sure. People always ask me, “Dave, I want to be successful. So should I be a jerk or should I be a nice guy?” I say, “Well, what's your time frame?” Because if you are a jerk in the short term, you will rise to the top. So there are these wonderful evolutionary models out there. Some of the best done by a guy named Martin Nowak who’s a professor at Harvard, and what he finds is that over the short-term, if you're kind of selfish and you don't cooperate with others and you don't pay back your debts and you don't help people, you will accrue a lot of resources because you’re exploiting other individuals. 

But over time, people will recognize that you’re kind of like this and no one will want to cooperate with you. So you’ll lose all the gains that we normally get from working with others. So over time, as individuals who are cooperative, who show empathy, who to help others, who are fair, that gain the most resources. 

What we know is that it's emotions like gratitude and compassion that push us to do these things. So, for example, another study in my lab we do is we bring people into the lab and we make them feel grateful or we make them kind of not feel anything in particular, and we give them financial tasks where they can cheat others and make more money for themselves, or they can split profits equally. What we find is when people are feeling grateful they are much more likely to choose a decision where they're going to split money equally with someone else rather than take more for themselves with the other person's expense, even though the other person won’t have any chance to kind of seek vengeance on them for so doing. 

So what these emotions are doing is they’re making us behave fairly and, in essence, that's an issue of self-control. For me to behave fairly, I have to be willing to devote some resources to you in the moment and not hung them all off myself for future payoff. So these emotions do the same thing. Same thing with compassion, I feel compassion for someone. I’m willing to give them time, money, shoulder to cry on, things that all might not be the most fun for me to do in the moment, but I do that because in the future I know I'm going to reap those rewards back when I'm in that position. 

For millennia and even today, it's these emotions that underlie those behaviors, and what we’re finding is, as I said, they not only make us willing to sacrifice to help other people, but also our own future selves. And that's the best way to ensure that we’re going to be successful down the line. 

[0:26:43.5] MB: Another study that you've talked about that I’d love to dig into that kind of underscores the importance of these emotions is the hot sauce study. Would you share that? 

[0:26:51.1] DD: Sure, the hot sauce study on compassion an anger. Is that the one you’re thinking of? 

[0:26:54.4] MB: Yes, exactly. Yeah. 

[0:26:55.3] DD: Yeah, right. So when we began studying self-control, we thought, “Well, who better to talk to than people who are kind of has spent thousands of years thinking about how to resist temptation?” So we started talking to Buddhist monks, and what they told us is when monks first take vows to not drink and to not cheat and to be celibate, they failed a lot just like the rest of us, because they relying on willpower. 

But over time, what meditation does and practicing mindfulness does is it begins to unleash the sense of compassion, and we have some few other studies I can talk about later if you like where we show that as little as three weeks of practicing meditation makes people more compassion in their daily lives. But the study you’re talking about is how does it engage our self-control in how we treat other people, because part of self-control isn’t just about saving money or studying. Part of it is about controlling your impulses. 

So the way the study is designed is to look at thus feeling compassion based on meditation lead people to actually be able to control their impulses to kind of strike out at others? So we brought people into the lab and we trained them for three weeks. We trained them how to use a smartphone mobile-based meditation program, or one where they would just get logic problems. We told them, “This is cognitive training,” and half of them got meditation training. Half of them got just experience doing logic problems. 

After three weeks we brought them back to the lab, what they thought was going to be just a memory test and a writing test. We said, “Okay. We want you to write a speech about your long-term goals. Write a three minute speech about this,” and this is a paradigm that was developed by a guy named Tom Denson who studies aggression. So they would dutifully write out their speech, and then they had to present their speech to someone else, in this someone else was a person who was an actor who works for us who they belief was just another student who was also writing a speech. So they would give their three-minute speech on their life goals and this other person would say to them, “Really? That’s it? I can't believe those are your goals? That doesn't make any sense. How are you going to achieve any of these?” Basically kind of insult them rather harshly, which has been shown repeatedly to make people angry and not only self-report anger but show physiological and the seeds of anger as well, and of course our subjects were kind of angry at this. 

Then we moved them into a next study where they had a prepared taste samples for each other. So imagine this, we’re giving you one of those little kind of condiment cups you get where you might put ketchup or mustard in at a salad bar. We’d say, “Okay. You need to prepare a sample for the other guy who you were just talking to. Whatever you put in this cup will be placed in his mouth in its entirety as a taste sample, and you’ve been randomly assigned to prepare the spicy category.” So we give them a bottle of this hot sauce, and the hot sauce is like labeled, “Beware. Very hot. Exceedingly painful.” We simply measure how much hot sauce they put. This is a commonly used measure of aggression, because the more hot sauce you put in, the more pain intentionally you are desiring to cause someone else. Simply measure how much they put in. 

What you find is the people who weren't meditating put in on average about 7 grams a hot sauce. Now, I don't know if your audience can visualize that, but 7 grams a hot sauce is a hell of a lot a hot sauce. In most conditions, people put in about a gram when they're not angry at someone, because they know they have to make a sample. Of course, we never make the guy drink it, but they think he is. Now, the people who engaged in meditation and who have the compassion, daily compassion based on experiencing that, they didn't do that, right? They poured about 2 grams on average, and they said, “Yeah, I'm angry at this person.” They would report being angry at them, but they said, “I just don't feel a need to act on that impulse.” 

So, again, what we’re seeing here is just simple daily practices that increase compassion in your life, make people much more willing to engage in self-control, because, yeah, it might feel really good in that moment to make that guy feel pain, but we know one of the biggest threats of violence in the world is escalation, and what it does is if he engages in tit-for-tat escalation, things get rapidly out of control. So self-control here is also important to not engage in a situation that might escalate. Again, it's not just self-control and saving money. It’s self-control and controlling your impulses that might be problematic. 

[0:31:19.0] MB: It’s such a hilarious study. I mean, even the methodology alone I find really fascinating. But I think kind of at the beginning of that, you made a really important point that we haven't touched on net, which is this idea that self-control is kind of double-sided. It's not only about kind of saving for retirement and eating healthy and making these really positive long-term choices, which is highly correlated with ultimate success in life, but it's also about kind of impulse control and not getting angry or losing your cool in a given moment. 

[0:31:48.0] DD: Exactly. Exactly. The interesting thing in that study, which I forgot to mention, is we actually measured people’s executive control. That is their ability to kind of engage in impulse control using a few other cognitive tests, and what we’ve found is those three weeks of meditation didn't increase their ability, their executive control, their ability to tap down problematic responses. What it really did was basically short-circuit those responses from coming up in the first place. As you can imagine, that's a much more robust way of dealing with problems. Instead of trying to correct them, prevent them from happening in the first place and that's exactly the argument we’re making. When you cultivate these emotions, they make you value the long-term and behave in ways that lead to your success, whether talking about social success, or career success, or financial success, by preventing the problematic impulses from happening in the first place, and that's just a more robust way of getting there. 

[0:32:43.2] MB: I think that underscores kind of one of the fundamental things we've been talking about, which is that this idea that it's really hard to exercise willpower and these sort of pro-social emotions help us prevent that need to exercise it from ever arising. One of the other things I know you've talked about, and I'd love to hear a little bit about, is how the environment itself and kind of you can shape your environment to essentially do the same thing to kind of prevent these temptations from arising in the first place. 

[0:33:08.5] DD: Yeah. There's a lot of work these days, a lot of people talk about developing habits. Charles Duhigg had a great book called The Power of Habit or something like that and how that can lead to people’s success, and that's true. You construct your environment so that a certain time I'm going to come home and study this way or do that, but the problem with habits is if I develop a habit to study, it's not going to help me save money. If I develop a habit to save money, it's not going to help me go to the gym. But if you develop a habit to cultivate these emotions regularly, they influence every decision that self-control happens and they make us value long-term goals in every domain in which we face them. So they kind of are much more a pervasive influence on our lives. 

So what we recommend to people is develop habits of these emotions. Regularly, once every day or two, stop and reflect on things that you're grateful for. Now, the trick here is we all have the three or four things in our life that we’re incredibly grateful for, but if you always focus on those three or four things, they’re going to lose their power because we’re going to habituate to them. We find the same results of people reflect on just simple things, like, today when I was lost, someone stopped to give me directions, or someone let me in on the freeway when I was stuck and was waiting there forever. Just small daily things that you can focus on for gratitude are useful. Also, make it a case once a day to kind of reach out and do something to help someone else, because what they're going to do is they’re not only going to express gratitude to you, but they’re clearly in the future when you need it going to help you back, which is kind of placing a marker down for a future booster shot of gratitude to yourself. 

For compassion, there are a couple of ways. Practicing meditation even as little as 10 minutes a day and mindfulness increases peoples compassion, so does engaging in perspective taking a few times a week. So what that means is make it a habit every couple of days to stop and try to envision the world through somebody else's eyes. That simple engagement and that practice builds a sense of empathy and build a sense of compassion and makes that a habit. 

Pride, it's important to celebrate your successes. That is, don't only let yourself feel proud when you reach the ultimate goal. Make yourself , allow yourself to feel proud of steps along the way because that's what’s going to keep you going, celebrate those little steps. Also have self-compassion for yourself. Don't engage in self-flagellation when you fail. As long as you gave it a good try, have compassion for yourself, which will increase the odds that you're going to give it a good try again the next day rather than just kind of get caught in this kind of guilty shame, feeling of shame. 

[0:35:52.0] MB: So let's dig – I want to talk about pride, but before we do, I want to kind of drill down a little bit on this gratitude strategy exercise, because I think you made another really good point. It’s easy to – When you think about pursuing kind of a strategy or a gratitude exercise as gratitude practices you get kind of hung up on the same four or five key things over and over again. 

Tell me a little bit more about how we can develop a gratitude practice that really effectively builds gratitude. 

[0:36:18.8] DD: Yeah. So the easiest way, the way to start to make yourself begin to do this regularly, is every day or two at either in the morning or at the end of your day, sit back and think about what happened that day that should did or should evoke a feeling of gratefulness in you. Lots of times people will tell me, “I don’t have anything to feel grateful for,” but I have them think about their day and, “Well, yeah. My employee or my child or somebody, one of my friends, actually did something for me today, and I actually didn't stop to think about that,” and how that was a cost on their part to do it 

So if you daily reflect on these things, they will every day invoke some sense of gratitude in you and to the extent that you make that a habit after you do it intentionally for a few weeks at a time. It changes the way you view the world. It makes you more likely to actually look for, see and appreciate the favors and the help that other people give you that you might just test, buy or not think about your daily life. 

Again, to the extent that you can do that, you’ll have more self-control, that we followed people for three weeks. In that study, we didn't make some do this. We just followed what people normally do, and those who had habits where they experienced gratitude more regularly through those three weeks also showed more self-control and more value for the future. So that's an important way of doing it. 

[0:37:47.0] MB: Another strategy that I found that's really effective for cultivating gratitude, and I'm curious what your thoughts are on this, is to – And then I think meditation sort of underpins us to some degree because it gives you the presence of mind to be able to do this, but is to notice the little moments in your life when you kind of naturally feel happiness or gratitude. Even, as you said, kind of a small example of somebody doing you a small favor or something like that and notice those little moments and just spend kind of a moment while that happens, or right after that happens, and just nurture and cultivate that actual feeling, because that helps cultivate kind of the felt experience of gratitude. 

[0:38:21.6] DD: That's right, and I think some of it is us being able to reflect on it, but to reflect on it, we actually have to notice it. I think your idea there of actually noticing it in the moment is even more powerful than trying to reflect and force ourselves to re-create it. Again, if you do that regularly, when you feel that you're willing to stop and to nurture that feeling and to let it become kind of bigger inside of you for the moment, that will certainly be a very effective strategy. 

[0:38:48.7] MB: And I know you kind of mentioned meditation. I mean, it's obviously one of the most recurrent themes on our podcast. There's so much science kind of validating what an effective strategy it is. What kind of meditation tactics or strategies would you typically do in the studies you were conducting or have you seen the kind of the most research validate it? 

[0:39:07.1] DD: Sure. Here is idea – I mean, the important part about what you're saying. Most of the stuff you see on meditation out there shows that, “Oh, it will lower your blood pressure. It will make you more creative. It will help your standardized test scores.” But if you think about where meditation came from and why it was created, the Buddha or other meditation teachers didn't really care about your retirement account or your blood pressure. What they cared about was developing a practice that increased ethical behavior and compassion. So meditation was really created for this social side. 

As I’ve said, we've done other studies where we have people meditate either at the foot of a Buddhist llama or actually we've done it now and using smartphone tech, because not everybody has the time or access or even money to go sit at the feet of a Buddhist llama and train. We found similar results. The trick is to actually use one of the apps that's designed by someone who has monastic training. The one we used was Headspace, because Andy Puddicombe, the guy who designed it actually had many years of monastic training, so he knows what he's doing. 

In terms of what type of meditation, there're many types out there. We've looked at both loving-kindness meditation and straight up mindfulness meditation, which involves body scanning and noticing the breath and paying attention to feelings, etc., and we found no differences. When we first started doing this work I thought, “Well, maybe we'll find that only with loving-kindness meditation, which focuses on meditations about wanting to care about other people, and that worried me because I worried that if we only found with loving-kindness meditation, how did we actually know it was a practice of meditation itself that was producing these changes rather than hearing someone always say, “It's important to care about other people.” So when we found it for mindfulness as well, it made me truly believe in it because there was no talk in that training of how this should affect your interactions with others. 

So my advice to your listeners is whatever type of meditation appears to work for you, it will probably work. I would endorse mindfulness practice or loving-kindness practice and doing it at home with a really good smartphone app or mobile tech is almost as good as going into a center where your training with a person. The upshot of that is it's open to a lot more people if you can do it at a time and place of your own choosing. 

So, yes, it's going to lower your blood pressure. Yes, it's going to help you feel more relaxed and all these things, but what it’s really going to also do is just increase your perseverance and your career and your social success simultaneously. 

[0:41:40.8] MB: Coming back to pride, when people hear pride, I feel like there can often be kind of a connotation or an idea of arrogance or something like that. How do you distinguish that or how do you think about that?

[0:41:51.8] DD: Yeah. I know that's right. In fact, pride always seems like the odd one out of the three. I think we realize that where we think about it that way because we kind of have a name for this bad type of pride. It’s called arrogance or hubris. But if you think about it, any emotion that’s experienced in the wrong intensity or the wrong context is a problem, or even happiness. Happiness experienced to too great a degree and when you shouldn't feel it is called mania. It's a disorder. 

So with pride, the trick is like any other emotion, it has to be calibrated correctly. So if you have pride for inability that you have or that you’re cultivating and you show that, people actually admire that. So to give you an example, in our studies we bring people in and we have them work on some spatial tasks that they don't really care about, anything about like mental rotation and stuff, and some we give feedback to that induces pride. Basically, the experimenter will say, “Oh! You're doing really well at this. This is a really important skill. That's impressive,” and people report feeling proud of this, even though they didn't care about it before, but that's a clue to how pride works, right? The reason we’re proud of things initially is because others around them admire us for it. You’re looking at kids. Kids will do something and they’ll look up at mom and dad and see if they get praise for it. If they do, that's marked as hey, “This is important to those people around you. If you're good at this skill, will want to interact with you, will value you.” Again, throughout evolutionary history, that's what made you a success. 

We’ve found that when we make people feel proud of an ability and then we then give them the opportunity to spend time developing this ability on pretty difficult tasks, they'll work 40% longer if they’re feeling proud than if they're not on these tasks, because they believe there's some upshot to developing the skill. 

But interestingly, if we then put people in a group. So imagine this, we have a group of three people. One of them enters the group feeling proud about, an ability that's relevant to the group task, the other two don't and we just watch what happens. The person who is feeling proud suddenly starts to become more dominant in the group, starts to work harder and to direct the other people. But the interesting thing about it is these other people, they don't view him or her as kind of a jerk or being overly aggressive. They actually admire this person and they’ll report liking this person more and they’ll report admiring him or her more and wanting to work with him or her more, because those signals of pride are very attractive to us. 

Now, if they’re single, then it actually comes to path that we see that the person doesn't have this ability or is expressing pride when he or she shouldn't. Then the whole thing flips and then it's viewed as arrogance and is almost as like, “You’re trying to deceive me or you're claiming something you don't have.” 

But pride in and of itself is a very powerful emotion. We feel it because it motivates us to develop a skill that makes us valuable to those around us, and if we’re proud of ourselves, that pushes us to develop a skill that we ourselves value for our own long-term goals. 

[0:44:54.7] MB: So to sum this up and kind of make sure that I understand the core thesis of what we’ve been talking about, the fundamental idea here is that self-control is one of the most highly correlated traits with long-term success in the research, but the way we often think about kind of cultivating grit and self-control is fundamentally wrong. 

[0:45:14.4] DD: I don't want to say those strategies don't work. Sure, willpower can work, and I'm not saying please don't ever use willpower. In the battle to achieve our goals and to not be shortsighted, we need every weapon in their arsenal. But what I am saying, and I think this is where you're going with it, is the those willpower-based cognitive tools are not only weak, but they’re potentially harmful to us socially and harmful to our health. So this emotional route provides a much more robust and resilient way to get there. 

[0:45:44.4] MB: So what would be kind of one piece of homework or sort of an action item that you would give to the listeners to concretely start kind of implementing the strategies we’ve talked about today?

[0:45:55.5] DD: Sure. Two things; choose your emotion, and then over the next few weeks, develop a habit to do it. If you want to do and try gratitude, the next two weeks engage in daily or every other day kind of gratitude journaling, or as Matt said, when you feel an instant of gratitude, try and stop yourself – not from feeling it - stop yourself from being distracted and focus on that feeling, and do that for two weeks and see if you're experiencing a change. 

Another way to do it is when you, in the moment, when you’re next healing the temptation that's going to distract you from some long-term goal that you value, stop. Don't try and use willpower Stop. Go and count your blessings on something. Take 10 seconds. Reflect on something for which you’re grateful and I bet you in that moment, 10 seconds later it's going to feel a lot easier to resist that temptation, or download a meditation smartphone app on your phone and start practicing for two or three weeks and see if things don't become a bit easier to focus on what you value in the long term. 

[0:46:54.2] MB: And for listeners who want to learn more, where can people find you, your work, your writing, etc., online?

[0:47:01.0] DD: Yeah. The easiest place is my website, which is www.davedesteno, D-A-V-E-D-E-S-T-E-N-O.com, you will find my Twitter link there as well for those of you who would like to follow on Twitter. 

[0:47:13.8] MB: Well, David, thank you so much for coming on the show and sharing all these wisdom. Some great examples from the research, and I think your work is really, really fascinating. So thank you so much for sharing all these knowledge with our listeners. 

[0:47:26.1] DD: Thank you for having me on. I really enjoyed our conversation. 

[0:47:28.7] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you, our listeners, master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story or just say hi, shoot me an email. My email is matt@successpodcast.com. That's M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I'd love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener email. 

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our email list today by going to successpodcast.com signing up right on the homepage. There's some incredible stuff that only available to those on the email list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly email from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called How to Organize and Remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the email us today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us as a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talk about in the show, links, transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


June 14, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Emotional Intelligence, Focus & Productivity
PShallard-01 (1).png

This Is What Will Make You Finally Take Action - How To Bridge The Learning Doing Gap with Peter Shallard

May 31, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity, High Performance

In this episode, we take a look at the biggest failure of The Science of Success and what we can do about it. We examine the three types of people in the world and how they go about approaching their own development and achieving their goals. Peter and Matt dig into accountability, the impact it’s personally had on Matt and his businesses, and how you can build accountability in your own life with Matt himself. Finally, we examine the gap between learning and doing that prevents most people from ever actually applying what they’ve learned. 

Known as “The Shrink for Entrepreneurs” - Peter is a renowned business psychology expert and therapist gone renegade, he works with entrepreneurs from around the globe to help them master the psychology of reaching their goals of success faster, better, and with a bigger impact.

  • Matt has failed, failed you, failed his listeners. 

  • Matt shares his personal struggle with moving from learning to doing and actually applying everything he learns.  

  • The three types of people and how they go through life…which are you?

  • Close eyed and on autopilot - These people typically have a closed mindset and are not ambitious about achieving their goals. 

    1. Learners - These people are curious and passionate about the world and their goals. Typically these types have a growth mindset.

    2. High Leverage Action Takers - There are not many. They concretely apply these learnings in their lives and execute every day. 

  • What it means to be a high leverage action taker. 

  • How can you become a high leverage action taker?

  • Are some people just born in group 3? Born High Leverage?

  • If you want to become high leverage and level 3 then you cannot do it alone. It’s not possible.

  • The importance of having Accountability

  • The Science Behind Accountability and what makes it so powerful. 

  • How Peter and Matt formed strategies for accountability and executing on Matt’s most important projects. 

  • It’s up to you to take the action, but group accountability will get you there. 

  • We take a deep dive into Matt’s past both accomplishments and failures. 

  • Learn the history behind the beginnings of The Science of Success. 

  • Matt’s first experience learning outside of a classroom and actually applying that knowledge for results in the real world. 

  • Matt’s list of his personal favorite influencers and thought leaders. 

  • The best way to actually begin to apply what you learn. 

  • The PERIL of the learning-doing gap. What is it? Are you in it? And how can we get our of this spiral?

  • Are you stuck in the “bat-cave of learning?"

    1. Do you have a huge sense of what you’re capable and know you have potential… but never actually realize it?

    2. What evidence do you have for your own growth?

  • How to move from intellectual learning mode to high energy doing mode.

  • Matt’s unknown “selfish" reasons for starting The Science of Success. 

  • What you need to do after every episode of The Science of Success from this day forward. 

  • There is an aspect of development that simply cannot be taught, it must be experienced. 

  • "What you are learning is only as valuable as your ability to implement it in your own life."

  • What actions and tactics separate those who accomplish all their goals and those who just learn, become frustrated, and fall behind. 

  • How can you maximize the time you spend in your flow states?

  • The studies and research showing that conscientiousness is a learnable skill and can be a predictor of success. 

  • This IS NOT about doing more stuff. It’s about doing the right things that require courage and discipline. 

  • How isolation affects your productivity due to your mammalian brain. 

  • Accountability is the biggest driver of human behavioral flourishing.

  • Technology is robbing us of that “paleo” accountability that would normally flourish. 

  • Do you have accountability - These questions will tell you!

  • Is it even possible to hold oneself accountable?

  • Are you spending time with people who don’t want you to succeed?

  • Some of the most common accountability traps individuals and companies fall into. 

  • What happens if you don’t have social accountability?

  • Unveiling of The Science Of Action!

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

SoA Logo.png

This week's episode is brought to you by The Science of Action.

If you're looking to create big changes in your life and execute on your most important and ambitious goals, The Science of Action is for you. The Science of Action is based on years of research and working with thousands of individuals to level up their productivity. We guarantee the same results for you. 

As a member of The Science of Action, you'll receive...

  • Exclusive access to Matt. We'll be hosting monthly webinars and going deep on some of the most important tools and tactics Matt uses to build his businesses, organize information, negotiate, and execute.

  • A one-on-one call each week with your personal effectiveness aid who is trained in the research and psychology of accountability and The Science of Success podcast. Connect via text, email, and phone anytime and all our aids are based in the U.S.

  • Access to our SoA web app - think of this as a dashboard for your personal growth. You can track and measure your performance and stay focused on your goals. Available any time from any device.

  • A MASSIVE ROI in your personal and professional lives achieved through bridging the learning-doing gap.

All of this exclusively for Science of Success listeners for only $199/mo. Get started today and never fail to execute your goals again. 

Episode Transcript


[0:00:00.4] MB: So let's pull back from the darkness a little and dig into how we can solve this accountability problem permanently. 

[0:00:08.5] PS: What you're learning is only as good as your ability to actually build a practice of implementation and execution in your life. It's not about just doing more stuff. It's about doing the right kinds of things, which are typically the hardest things to do, the things that require the most courage and discipline. Human beings outsource their sanity. 

[00:00:19.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success. Introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:27.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than two million downloads, listeners in over a hundred countries and part of the self-help for smart people podcast network.

In this episode, we look at the gap that exists between learning and doing. Why is it that so many smart ambitious people invest hours in their growth and development, but fail to see breakaway external results for the time they’ve invested? If you sometimes feel overwhelmed by all the things you know you could, or should be implementing to level up your life or career, then this episode is going to blow your mind.

We explore what science is telling us about the actual execution of concrete individual growth and measurable upward mobility across various dimensions of life. We share the most effective tactic for moving yourself from learning to doing, with our special guest, Peter Shallard.

I’m going to quickly tell you why you should sign-up for our e-mail list if you haven’t already. There’s some amazing stuff that’s only available e-mail subscribers including three awesome guides, curated weekly e-mail every single week that our listeners absolutely love, exclusive preview and early content and much more. If you haven’t, be sure to go to successpodcast.com and sign-up for our e-mail list right on the homepage.

Because I’m so excited for this episode, let’s go ahead and dig in. Here is the show.


[0:01:59.0] MB: Before we start the conversation with Peter, I wanted to share something with you. This episode is particularly personal for me, because this is a concept that I’ve spent a tremendous amount of time thinking about, and in many ways it’s been one of the most important epiphanies in my own life.

I recently realized that I failed. I failed myself, but more importantly I failed you, the Science of Success community. Let me explain what I mean. I’ve been committed to deep learning and passionate about evidence-based growth for much of my life. Through that journey, I’ve identified essentially three buckets of people.

The first bucket are people who haven’t woken up yet; people whose eyes are still closed. They’re in some ways asleep at the wheel. They go through life without really questioning why things are the way they are, they’re not ambitious, they’re not driven to take themselves to the next level, and many instances they have a closed mindset. I think you probably know somebody like that in your own life.

The next bucket of people are people that are lifelong learnings, people that are curious, that are passionate, that are driven to improve themselves. They’re fascinated by learning and growing. They often have a growth mindset and they want to figure out how they cannot only improve themselves, but ultimately improve the world. I think many of you, many of my listeners fall into this bucket.

There’s a third subset of people; these are people that are executing every single day. They’re high-leverage action takers. They’re a small subset of these lifelong learners. They take what they learned and they concretely apply it in their lives, so that they can create impact and that they can create results. It cascades through everything that they do, to their home life, their friends, their family. For them, self-improvement is not just an intellectual exercise, but it’s a lived day-to-day reality.

One of the biggest challenges in my own life has been moving myself from that second group to this third group, taking myself from who’s been a lifelong learner since I was young, something that’s come naturally to me and been part of my life, taking that and transforming that into something that I actually take action on.

I went on this journey from learning to doing and I made the shift from indulging intellectual curiosity to proactively applying driving change in my life. I’ve reaped tremendous awards as a result of becoming somebody who takes action and actually takes his ideas and puts them into practice. I started this many years ago, taking my learning, everything from mental models, evidence-based growth and much more and concretely executing on the principles that I learn and applying them in everything that I do in my day-to-day life.

This became one of the most important things in my professional life and one of the most rewarding parts of my personal life. Through doing this, I’ve realized how challenging it is, and I think doing it by yourself, I think you’re crazy to try and battle that battle alone.

To that end, for the last four years I’ve worked with Peter to create accountability in my own life. We have hundreds of hours under belts working together and dealing with the challenge of the learning-doing gap.

This interview and this conversation is going to be a lot different than a normal interview. It’s not just going to be me asking Peter questions. It’s going to be a dialogue and an exploration of my journey of becoming an action-taker. Peter in some cases is going to flip the script and ask me questions that I’m going to answer, but we’re going to have a really rich and informative dialogue that I hope shares with you some of the biggest lessons and strategies that we’ve come up with and we’ve put together for helping you become an action-taker and helping to close and bridge the learning-doing gap.

For those of you who don’t know, he’s a very early guest on the show, but Peter Shallard is known as The Shrink for Entrepreneurs. He’s an X-psychotherapist who works privately with the founders of some of the world’s top startups. His client roster has collectively over a billion dollars in market capitalization value.

He’s also a passionate advocate of evidence-based psychology and has founded a startup of his own that works with academic researchers to bring empirical performance optimization to small business owners.

Peter, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:06:18.1] PS: Thanks for having me. I’m excited.

[0:06:20.2] MB: Well, we’re super excited to have you on the show today. I can’t wait to really dig into this conversation. I think it’s going to be a unique and refreshing experience for the listeners, and I think it’s going to be something that’s a little bit different from a traditional Science of Success interview.

[0:06:34.1] PS: Yeah. That was one hell of an intro. I’m super, super honored to be back first of all, second time. Yeah, and just to be able to rev and go deep on this topic, which I know for you is everything in a way. It’s like really where it’s the meeting of our minds, right? This is something that’s super important to me too.

[0:06:52.3] MB: Yeah. We’ve been working on this for a long time obviously. I definitely give you a lot of credit for helping me bridge this gap. In many ways, it comes down to when the rubber meets the road, being the person who actually has to be in the trenches and execute. I mean, that’s a battle that not only I’ve had to face by myself, but I think everybody listening who’s tried to take action in their lives has faced the same challenge.

[0:07:15.7] PS: Yeah. I think, I mean obviously you can’t credit our work together for changing everything, because we’re literally talking about the gap that even exist in our work when you and I rev were stepping outside of we’re taking like a break in an hour a week outside of the day-to-day of living life and implementing things and building businesses and doing what you do, and talking about it and learning about. Closing the learning-doing gap really moving and taking what you’re learning and taking action on it is always something that you do alone, but in a weird paradoxical way, it’s been a focus of – I think it’s the meta focus of every conversation we’ve had for, well how many years has it been now?

[0:07:53.6] MB: I think it’s been at least four years, maybe four or five years. I was trying to remember if it was 2013 maybe when we met, 2014?

[0:08:00.4] PS: Yeah. Wow, okay. Cool. Yeah. This learning-doing gap, I mean it’s the meta dialogue of everything that we talk about, but I know that when I met you, you’re already a really successful guy that this is something that you have – we’ve been working to optimize together and make you more of an execution powerhouse. Yeah, I mean where do you see, you really started waking up to this idea that everything hinges on jumping from intellectually understanding things into actually taking concrete action on them.
[0:08:34.8] MB: Yeah. I mean, I think in the early stages of my life I was inconsistent, but I still took action. I started to accumulate results and achievements, everything from winning the national debate championship when I was in high school, to becoming one of the only people, or actually the only person in either my high school or college graduating class to get a job at Goldman Sachs. I was a political science major, but I read over 20 books in finance and completely taught myself about the financial markets, and then applied that knowledge to getting a job on Wall Street.

Once I started really creating a system and a process, I was able to create much more concrete and impactful and consistent results throughout my life. Everything from in my day job as an investor in the last five years, I’ve probably sourced and closed more than 20 million dollars’ worth of deals and transactions.

Another thing getting on the Forbes 30 under list in 2017, I wouldn’t have been able to do that if I hadn’t applied that lessons and the knowledge from the things I’ve learned, not only from the show, but books I’ve read about how to build relationships and how to influence people. Even in the trenches of some of the work we’ve done with companies we’ve invested in.

I spent years turning around failing technology company and our portfolio and recently got that company into the Inc. 5000 fastest growing companies in America. Without being a consistent – somebody who consistently executes and takes these ideas and these principles that I learned through things like the podcast, through things like being a voracious reader, I wouldn’t have been able to create those results in my life. Today, I have the flexibility to control my own destiny, control when I work, spend time traveling the world and learning and having fun and having a completely flexible schedule where I control what I do and when I work. I think a big piece of that has been the execution that has resulted from a consistent process of applying the things that I’ve learned.

[0:10:35.5] PS: I think that’s such an important distinction for people who are – for your listeners here, people who are tuning in and wondering like, “What is this learning-doing gap?” That we’re not talking about the value. It’s not my job to be on top of you every week cracking a weapon and making you work hundreds of hours to execute all of the stuff. In fact, it’s almost the opposite. What we’re talking about is that gap that exist between the most aspirational learning, the development of mental models, the reading of books.
I think that one of your – you’ve given us a laundry list of pretty badass accomplishments here, but I think one of the best ones for you is the Science of Success. I remember when you started this project that it was basically a project to satisfy your intellectual curiosity, because you wanted to have an excuse to have conversations with these people whose thinking that you admired, who are influencing the way you do business as an investor. It was really an exercise and satisfying that curiosity.

Then one of the things I’ve seen is that your access to people has turned into those incredible workflow of taking new ideas and then putting them to work in your life. I’m so stoked that we can have this conversation today, because I think that for a lot of Science of Success listeners, I’m guessing as they know you the guy who asks the smart questions and they’re taking notes thinking, “Here’s what I want to do with what I’m learning.” What isn’t always obvious from the outside is that you’re probably one of the biggest beneficiaries of the show itself in the sense that you’re building plans into your life and taking action based on the stuff.

[0:12:13.8] MB: Yeah, I think that’s totally right. It’s funny, I mean, I selfishly ask many of the questions in the interviews, because I’m implementing many of ideas in my life. Even the question we ask at the end of every interview, which is what’s the one piece of homework that they would give to our listeners to implement? I’m asking that for myself in many cases.

[0:12:30.7] PS: That’s for you too, yeah.

[0:12:32.5] MB: Yeah, absolutely.

[0:12:33.5] PS: I think that this is – it’s such an interesting thing in life, because that distinction that you made, I love this idea of three different types of people in the world, because I think it’s usually – it’s always a dichotomy. It’s like these two types of people in the world. It’s so true that these people who aren’t curious, these people are and who do a lot of learning. Then there’s this tiny, tiny fraction of those people who go on to actually take the things that they learn and do something with them. I think that there’s just a huge number of people who have a bunch of ideas of what they would do if they had the time or the energy, or maybe just the motivation or whatever it is to be this version of themselves that they have in their mind and taking that step, crossing that learning-doing gap is a real challenge.

It’s from my work, like with you as a client, the other people I work with, I see it as the juice of life itself, that that’s where the really big transformational shifts and leaps ahead and business and personal life come from. I think that a relentless, like increasing the rate at which somebody, which you, I’ve seen you do this, ask yourself what am I going to do with this idea? How am I going to apply this? Then having that go from being intellectual to being a practical conversation. That whole challenge is really everything that we’re talking about here is the daily practice of moving oneself out of cerebral intellectual mud and into execution tactics implementation.

[0:14:00.9] MB: I just think you bring a really unique perspective to this, because I’m one man. I’m an island and see, only within my own personal struggle with bridging the learning-doing gap. There are so many other people out there that suffer and struggle with the same challenge.

[0:14:14.7] PS: Well, this is the thing is that it’s actually totally possible to live your entire life in what I think of as like a bat cave of learning, right? Completely cutoff from the world, reimburse consuming all kinds of content, like podcast have made this stuff super accessible to people. Building up a sense of what you’re capable of without ever actually realizing it in the concrete sense.

It’s this lifestyle of holding a mental image of yourself that is bigger, better, smarter and more successful than objective reality. The scary thing about it is that it’s really comfortable for a lot of people to live that way, to have this idea but to never actually cross that leap, to feel great about what they’re learning, but to never cross the chasm and jump into the doing part.

[0:14:59.9] MB: I think that’s something that I struggle with myself is constantly building up the sense of like, “I’m collecting all these ideas and one day I’m going to implement them.” It’s really hard to break out of that shell and actually become someone who does. When we talk about evidence-based growth on the show and what we’re really digging into is we want to figure out what are the empirically valid science-based methodologies of improvement.

What we’re trying to figure is what evidence do we actually have for our own growth. I think when we get caught up in these as you call them bat caves of learning where we don’t see ourselves growing and approving and actually implanting what we’ve learned, I think it’s really easy to deceive ourselves about how much growth we’re actually achieving.
[0:15:43.4] PS: Totally. Yeah. I think that’s why when you hit me up about having this conversation and recording this for the podcast, I thought it’s a bold move, because Science of Success, like all podcast, like every book, that every author in the space, these and people, lectures, TED talks, all that stuff, everything that’s published really feeds those hungry for knowledge people, that second group that you articulated.

In a lot of ways, the self-development industry and even the more academic side of it, we could point and say that they’re a little bit of a failure, because it only does that. It encourages that second group of people, those curious people to just listen more, pop your head funds in, stop doing what you are doing and start listening, start listening to this podcast and that one. I know it’s like not something you’re supposed to say on a podcast interview as a guest, but I think that there is a reality that all of that learning stuff is great to a point, right?

[0:16:41.7] MB: Yeah. I mean, you and I started kicking this idea around. I think we both realize that was a really important conversation, because you’re right, it’s almost a taboo subject in the personal development, or self-help space to say, “All these ideas are great,” but does it really matter if you don’t actually implement any of them, right? I think being somebody who’s a high-leverage action-taker, somebody’s who is in that third bucket is a constant process. It’s a practice.

It’s a posture that requires energy to maintain. It’s not something you can learn to do. It’s something you have to practice doing and master through practice, right? The idea that you can learn it is almost that kind of coming back and falling back into that second bucket of thinking again. Only through practice and execution can you actually begin to become somebody who is truly an action-taker.

[0:17:35.1] PS: A lot of the founders that I work with will talk about, like entrepreneurs will sort of allude to this. I think it’s one of the biggest things that people who haven’t had that experience of building companies and doing all that stuff, that people just don’t get. These entrepreneurs talk about street smarts, school of hard knocks, getting hard one industry experience.

They’re all pointing, I think. Trying to verbalize this thing that can’t be verbalized, because it is something that can’t be learned. There’s an aspect of experiential development I think is what a psychologist would call it, that just intellectually is out of reach. It can’t be taught at college, or parents can’t teach it to you. It’s the thing that my clients get when they get out there into the world and they start taking action.

I think for people who are passionately curious about self-growth, there is that aspect too that what you’re learning is only as good as your ability to actually build a practice of implementation and execution in your life.

[0:18:32.3] MB: I mean, you and I have obviously had a number of conversations. If tens, if not hundreds of hours where we’ve kicked around to some degree or another this fundamental idea of how can we move ourselves down this path from learning to doing. The cool is that we’ve decided to collaborate on a new project, to help move Science of Success of listeners from learning to doing.

[0:18:57.5] PS: Like I said, my background comes from studying entrepreneurial success. The secret to my career is that I’ve done the world’s greatest MBA program over the last decade that I got paid to do, because I got to learn from all of my clients, and actually you’re one of them. I get to work with these incredible people. I’ve done a bunch of work advising venture capitalists who are investing in these entrepreneurs. I’ve worked directly as a service shrink with the entrepreneurs.

A big part of what I have to figure out is patent recognition. That’s figuring out what do we know about success? What do we know about the people and the businesses when they go in to work so that we can effectively predict the future, which is super important in the VC world? Then I launched a company called Commit Action. It’s a software and a human-powered coaching hybrid, which gave me access to over 10,000 conversations with business owners of all sizes. Not just the startup, the technology space, but also lots of different small business and FMEs across the world in over 20 countries.

We have also got to talk to a bunch of academic researchers as advices for those business and even test out a lot of what we’re doing with totally non-business people as well. We’ve stumbled across artists and also to creative professionals. Basically, what we have discovered is that these three types of people thing, what I’ve spent the last decade doing is working with people who are really strong in that level two space, who have deep intentions of being level three.

What we learned and especially in some of the research, we did at Commit Action is that success for these entrepreneurs isn’t really a spectrum. That is actually a really major goal. Like when I started out I thought, “Okay, there’s these people out there who want to build things and make their lives better as a consequence. There’s a whole rainbow spectrum of people who are just starting out, who are struggling, and then people who are widely successful and every type of person in between.

What we actually discovered is that there is a huge number of people who are really struggling. Then there’s a tiny fraction of people who have it all, who are hitting homerun after homerun in this area. Again, 90% of the folks that we talk to were totally dissatisfied with their progress of putting ideas into action, or just doing the things that they know they should do professionally, or even personally. What we found is that there weren’t differences in location, or knowledge, or education that separate these people.

[0:21:32.5] MB: I love that idea that success is not a spectrum, that it’s not evenly distributed. I think that’s really, really important and a fascinating conclusion from some of the work that you’ve done.

[0:21:44.2] PS: Yeah. We started asking, okay if it’s not a spectrum, if there is this quite binary like have, have not difference, what is it that could be contributing to it? That’s where we basically went down this rabbit hole of empirical psychology bunch in neuroscience and basically realize that what you’re talking about in this epic intro where you articulated this learning-doing gap is basically a crisis of conscientiousness, like what behavioral psychologists call conscientiousness, and what other psychologists call self-regulation.

These are understood by the people who study them, who go deep in these areas to both be the major social pathologies of our time. What I’m trying to explain here is summing up a whole bunch of different academic approaches to understanding the same thing, which I think that you have so succinctly articulated as the learning-doing gap.

What our research pointed us to was that the biggest course of this problem, the biggest reason that there’s some people who really, really struggle with this who never quite seem to take as much action as they want to who don’t get into the flow states as much as they want to, however you want to put is basically isolation. That social isolation is really at the root of the cause of these major social pathologies of the modern world.

[0:23:09.8] MB: I think accountability is so critical. The science obviously supports that conclusion. We talked about a number of components of that. In many ways, our relationship over the last four or five years has been a form of objectively created accountability via our professional relationship. That’s enabled me to become an action taker.

[0:23:36.1] PS: Totally. I mean, that’s exactly what works about literally any therapeutic or coaching relationship, whether it’s a good one or a bad one. I want to give myself credit, we’ve had a lot of great strategy conversations you and I. We’ve talked about some of the mental models, the things that you’ve learned and how you’re applying them to investing decisions and that kind of stuff. At the core of any professional relationship like that, where it’s my job to show up and basically hold on to a biggest set of expectations for you on a weekly basis, then you might even through yourself to hold that space. That is the heart of what I think really, really works about therapy, about coaching, about having mentors or advisers or any of that stuff.

I think so many people hung up on the content in thinking, “Well, what are we talking about?” They missed that it’s actually the container that creates a tremendous amount of that value. Those are the thing is that the specialization of our work in the modern world, like the technology, the fact that most people these days work behind a computer doesn’t even really matter where they are, if they’re blue collar, if they’re participants in the knowledge economy. Certainly, if they’re business owners or entrepreneurs.

All of the social changes that are very, very recent, that have only come about in the last 50 years, if I’m being generous, have robbed us of the natural accountability that would have existed even for our grandparents and certainly every generation beyond that with social ties that close would be right there and that would really help us flourish. I think that that’s why we’re seeing so many people who are stuck in the modern, why so many people are unhappy, not doing as well as they wish they could be. It’s why people have to proactively seek out accountability.

[0:25:22.0] MB: Let’s dig into that a little bit. Tell me a little bit more accountability and for somebody who’s listening, how can they figure out if they have accountability in their life or if it’s missing and maybe that’s something that could be holding them back?

[0:25:33.6] PS: Yeah. I mean, this is the thing. This is the sad state of affairs and the reason why I think that this is the root cause of the major social pathology about time is that most people, many, many people have absolutely zero accountability in their lives; for the personal growth, like the biggest opportunity that they have, like the thing that they’re working on. For people who are passionately listening to a podcast like Science of Success, or who reading books, who are really developing some aspect of themselves, or trying to, that’s an incredibly private process for most people.

Most of the folks we’ve talked to will tell us that the spouse doesn’t get it, their family doesn’t get what they’re up to, most of their friends don’t even get it, that they really are in that intellectual bat cave. As a consequence of that, while they are doing the learning, they are totally excited about what they’re doing, but as soon as they start moving from learning to doing, just putting their toe in this sort of proverbial doing swimming pool, they immediately become plagued by isolation, doubts and sort of loneliness, because they just don't have people who are in it together who are with them.

Then what we've seen is that some people play games to attempt to hold themselves accountable. That looks like weird mind games that people set up for themselves, where they're doing mental bargaining, they're installing reward systems in their life where they're trying to manage their schedules and various kind of things that they're implementing, or rituals, aspects of self-improvement, whatever it might be in the business world and their personal lives. That kind of feel like the way someone would manage an unruly toddler, right? It's like putting a little chart on the fridge and saying, “Now if you take this off, if you get this done then you get the cookie.”

It’s a very unhealthy mental dynamic. The other thing we see is people who try to get it from like a close friend, they find a buddy who's going through a journey with them, but then the challenge with that is that it's very – it sometimes works, right? Like jogging buddies work and that's a form that's really basic form of accountability, that's like a perfect metaphor for this. They fail when the first day that somebody's hungover, right? They tend to fall apart. They don't stress test well. Those relationships fall apart when you need it the most.
Or sometimes it's worse than that, that the form of accountability that's available to you socially keeps you stuck where you are, where as a consequence of your accountability partner or friend not being entirely on the same page with the vision you have for yourself, not quite wanting the same things as you. There are some people who actually don't want to the people around them succeed, because it makes them feel worse about where they're at. It's very difficult to spot.

[0:28:19.8] MB: I think a lot of these traditional strategies, I know definitely been challenging for me and I've seen other people I know struggle with the same things.

[0:28:28.4] PS: I mean, it is a major, major problem. We found this out when we started asking people at my company. We started doing this research, thousands of people we asked this one simple question which was, does anyone on earth really know if you spent the last week in the zone absolutely crushing it, or if you were just clocking in and out without accomplishing anything?

What was shocking about that question is that people with committed, like fantastic, like self-described fantastic marriages answered it no. That something about the way that modern human beings work has made people with close families, people with friends who live very near them all answer no this question, that our work has become increasingly digital, it's private, it's on screens other people can't see, no one knows whether or not you crushed it last week, or whether or not you just clocked in and out and wasted time. The human brain did not evolve to optimally perform in that vacuum of social accountability.

[0:29:28.6] MB: I want to dig into, and we're going deeper and deeper in this rabbit hole, but we'll come out of it. I want to into the implications of not having accountability. What are some of the problems that that creates in people's lives?

[0:29:40.6] PS: I think that the problem with a long-term, and it really is for some people, they begin these chapters of their lives that can last decades without really any social accountability. The first thing is that human beings are beginning to lose the mental mirror that develops self-awareness. There's this brilliant saying, I forget where I picked it up, that human beings outsource their sanity. That it takes a village to grow a human mind.

I think that that is everything that we're talking about. That when you're in the accountability vacuum, there's nothing making you honest with yourself. You might know that you're capable of more, right? I think we all believe deep down that we're capable of doing more, of being more, but you're not clear on the specifics of where you're letting yourself down. There's this feeling of uneasy loneliness as a consequence of long-term accountability vacuum.

We also saw people describe seeing others around them, particularly folks who live and like – live and work in really high-performance cultures where there's a lot of successful people and who are around that. That they sort of felt as though everything was on slow-mo for them compared to other people. That they would see other people move much faster and feel like taking action on whatever it was, took them two to five times longer, whatever that means.

We see people kind of – before I talked about the sort of mind games, the mental bargaining people play, I think that long-term, that tends to result in a sort of a schism of the psyche, where people describe this experience of feeling as though there's like an internal mental in a critic, or like a personal trainer whose job it is is to beat you up and tell you what you're supposed to be doing. What typically happens is that internal voice like lets you off your morning workout says, “You didn’t sleep so good last night. Take it easy. Or just chill on Facebook for a little bit this morning at work. Don't worry about it.” Then that afternoon turns around and screams and yells at you for not doing enough. There's this insane rollercoaster of inner critic dynamics that really upset people.

[0:31:50.5] MB: That's one that personally for me has been a major challenge. I mean, I think I'm naturally just very tough on myself. That split personality of letting myself off easy sometimes and then flipping it around and being really hard on myself as a result of that is something that I've personally dealt with and struggled with for sure.

[0:32:10.0] PS: Yeah. Well, yeah. Thanks for sharing. It's tough. I mean, we've heard some shocking things from people. We've heard folks who have described having epiphany after epiphany, breaking promise after promise to themselves, going a bit angry at themselves every single night swearing tomorrow that they're going to wake up and make everything different and turn over a new leaf, only to wake up and repeat the same mistakes and feel as though nothing ever changes. Like we've really interviewed folks on this and had this whole litany of what it looks like to be deep in the accountability vacuum with no way out.

[0:32:45.7] MB: Let's pull back from the darkness for a second and tell me what do people do once they've woken up to this lack of accountability in their lives?

[0:32:54.5] PS: Good question. In my experience talking about this stuff, I've done it from the stage, I've presented online and a whole bunch of different venues and variety of places. There's three kind of knee-jerk reactions that different groups of people have depending on where they're at in their journey of understanding the stuff and really internally clicking with this truth about the significance of accountability is something that drives positive human behavior change.

It's ironic. I mean, the first thing that the vast majority of people do the largest group is just do nothing. They hear about this stuff. They not along – they even have that internal experience of believing this is really going to change things, this is a refreshing wake up mind blowing new idea. Then they walk away from that intervention, that moment of realization with nothing, with no action whatsoever.

Then the second group of people ironically try to solve this by fixing it on their own. They think that this is something that they understand, it makes a lot of sense, they're super fired up to take action and they take everything that they've learned and there's perspective that accountability helps. Mentally imbue themselves with more willpower, and that creates that classic week-long follow-up, being fired up, that then fizzles out, because of the ironic lack of accountability that this is not a problem that you can solve on your own.

The group that I'm always excited about talking to, it's the people that I've built my career working with is the third kind of tiny fraction of a minority. That are the people who realize that the real message here is that they need external support and really learning about the psychological, like social implications of accountability is that final thing that kicks them off and has them solve the isolation problem in their lives.

[0:34:43.1] MB: This is the exact strategy that I've used and that's worked for me working with you using this external support. That's why I'm so excited to finally be able to discover a scalable way that we can share the same strategy with a group of listeners who are ready to take action and bridge the learning-doing gap.

This is something that I really believe in. I've worked with Peter for a number of years on personally solving this and creating a framework of external support. We've found a way now to take the exact strategies that have worked with my relationship with Peter and deliver them to a larger group of audience members who are ready to take that action and bridge that gap. Peter and I have teamed up actually to create an amazing solution to this accountability problem, and it's something that we call the science of action.

We've been working explicitly for months on this idea, but really implicitly for years. The conversations that we've had dating back several years and this whole idea of the learning-doing gap and how do we bridge it. We've created something based on our relationship and the strategies that have worked to help me become a high-leverage action taker, and we call it a total accountability package. It's designed to help you create accountability in your life, bridged learning doing gap and take action on the things that will matter and create an impact for you.

It's a one-on-one service and we're going to get into the details in a second, but we're only able to offer it to the first 50 people that sign up, because it's so personalized and it really helps you dig in and solve this problem.

[0:36:20.9] PS: I think that at this point before we break down the details of it, it's really important to talk about, because this is obviously a very, very specific high-touch white glove service that we've put together this total accountability package, to talk really about who it is for and who it isn't for in a really specific way. We've got a strong set of intentions about what it is that we want to use this accountability to accomplish. I think that there's a real clear person who could be listening to this for whom this is an absolute no-brainer and a fantastic fit for.

[0:36:54.4] MB: I think to start out, you have to have something, some kind of concrete thing that you can make an impact on something, that you can take a leap from learning to doing on, not just thinking about that's going to have an impact on your life. You need to have some sort of real opportunity in front of you, a path to creating improvements and outcomes in your life by taking more action, and asking yourself whether this change is going to truly matter and create an impact in your life.

You also need to be somebody who's ready, truly committed to taking that leap from learning to doing. Not just thinking about it, not just listening to it on a podcast, but really stepping into that practice of being an action taker. Lastly, you need to be able to commit at least five hours a month to invest wholeheartedly in moving from learning to doing and spending time implementing the super high-leverage tactics and strategies that are going to boost your professional and personal outcomes.

What we've created is a total accountability package. That has three components, all of them are designed not only based on the relationship that Peter and I have and how that has helped me be such an effective high-leverage action taker for the last five years, but also in the science and the principles of human motivation and accountability. The first thing is that you're going to get a personal executive effectiveness aide, who's going to have a weekly one-on-one phone call with you that's going to help you organize and prioritize your goals and hold you accountable to executing them.

They're going to check in with you throughout the week with SMS and e-mail to make sure you're on track and that you're actually executing. They're going to help you figure out what are the most important and high-leverage things that you can be doing, so you can execute on them. The next component is a focused monthly webinar with me and all of the members of science of action, where we're going to go through one particular lesson, or strategy from the Science of Success and talk about how to implement that concretely in your life.

I'm going to tell you how I've implemented it and share with you specific worksheets, strategies and tactics that you can use to execute and implement those ideas in your life every single day. Lastly, it comes with a customized software application that's both mobile online anywhere you want to use it that you use to work with your executive effectiveness aide, keep track and manage all of your tasks and activities, and has a full history of all the prior webinars that I've done with science of action members.

I want to get into the specifics of each of these three components of the total accountability package, because they all support and reinforce each other. All of them are based on the science of accountability and all of them are based on the relationship that Peter and I have had in creating a more scalable way to share that. Peter, do you want to start out and tell them a little bit about these executive effectiveness aides and how they work?

[0:39:48.6] PS: For sure. Yeah, I'm really excited about this. In addition to this entire science of action concept, instead of services being based on the work that Matt and I have been doing together, we're bringing in heavy hitters from my company Commit Action to serve the role as these executive effectiveness aides. Now, you need to understand that a couple of things about these people that make them so incredible is that their job is to almost act as a part of your support team.

We frame the executive aides as the most important hire somebody can ever make being the person whose job it is to keep you in the high-leverage zone, to make sure that you continually take action on all the things that you know you should. Their job is to act as a white glove concierge for your goal setting. Rather than you screwing around with systems and lists trying to figure out how to keep track of tasks and organize all of your projects and plans for these kind of high leverage growth opportunities in your life, you are now going to have somebody who takes care of that for you.

Their role is also to operate as a personal trainer, but for your focus and productivity. They're highly trained in brain science and psychology to help keep you focused on the things that you need to be. Of course, the thing that really is incredible about this service is that we're giving one-to-one professional objective accountability that helps you stay on track, stay focused and keep crossing that gap from learning into doing.

Every single one of these aides has hundreds and hundreds of hours of experience working with business owners and entrepreneurs with my business Commit Action. They've gone through a comprehensive training program. These are full-time 100% in-house staff that I've built up as a team and trained over many years. They're based in the US. We hire less than 1% of the people who apply for this position, because we take the psychological variable testing finding the right personality fit for people to be absolute experts at professional accountability. What you need to understand is that this is the absolute pinnacle of pro objective accountability, and it's going to be in your corner. You're going to be supported by the service.

[0:42:02.5] MB: Working with these aides is phenomenal. It effectively lets you outsource your battle for focus and productivity. There's a whole another component of the science of action as well, and that's the webinars that we're going to be hosting every single month. I'm going to be doing a webinar with all of the science of action members and we're going to concretely go through some of the most important ideas, lessons and strategies from the Science of Success. I'm going to walk you through specifically how to execute and implement those ideas in your life.

I'm going to share with you how I've done it, give you templates, tools worksheets and strategies so that you can do it yourself, and we're going to have a Q&A where we can walk through and ask questions, talk about struggles, setbacks, places where you're not clear about how to do it, or roadblocks that you might hit. I'm going to be a resource there for you to talk through and figure out how to overcome those challenges.

I'm going to give you a little sneak peek of the topics we're going to cover in the first three months of these science of action webinars. The first month, we're going to talk about how to get more done by focusing on less by using the power of contemplative routines. We're going to go deep into the 80/20 principle, which is one of the most important principles from my life. I'm going to show you how to conduct an 80/20 analysis on your own life and how you spend your time.

I'm going to give you a template and a worksheet that you can use anytime you want to create and conduct an 80/20 analysis to see what's working for you and what's not. I'm going to walk you through how I've conducted an 80/20 analysis on myself, share with you the raw notes from prior 80/20 analysis that I've conducted. Then we're going to walk through a Q&A for the questions or things you might not really understand, or feel uncertain about.

The second month, we're going to dig into how to solve any problem and generate breakthroughs in your life and work by digging into the science and strategies of how to create a creativity ritual in your life that's going to create breakthrough insights into the problems and challenges that you have. This is something I do every single morning and it's a strategy that I can't wait to share with you.

In the third month, we're going to get into how to get anyone to do what you want by applying the science of influence. These webinars are going to be phenomenal. They're going to be information-packed and it's all about how to take action.

[0:44:21.1] PS: The other component of the science of action, the other part of this total accountability package is the proprietary software that we've built and put together exclusively for science of action members. Now again, this draws from years of insights, data and research and testing that we've done over at Commit Action and really brings everything together. We started out by asking what is it that a professional executive aide for accountability needs to support their client, to support you to really be the highest leverage version of themselves?

We realized that building out a task list and a sort of a project manager tool where the project is you and your life is just the first step. We went beyond that to actually create a live interactive system built with some of the most cutting-edge software technology that enables you and your executive effectiveness aide to effectively collaborate in real-time when you're on your weekly check-in calls, to create order out of chaos, to sort through your task list, to specify different things that you're working on, to go through the methodology that your coach is trained in, to really dig deep into figuring out how you can measure what it is that you're working on, how you can be more specific about it finding the right level of implementation granularity.

We have a proprietary tool that I'm really excited for you to get access to that facilitates all of this and makes it easy for you to just focus on the doing on the action taking, and have your aide effectively just focus on keeping everything organized around you, so that you can be that high-leverage version of yourself.

The other thing I think it's really important to mention about the software is that the brings another tremendous psychological force. We haven't had too much time to talk about today beyond accountability. It's the force that's driving the multi-billion dollar quantified self-industry. The reason that that industry is blowing up with Fitbits and Apple watches and all that kind of stuff is because quantification works, measurement works.

The thing that our software does is it actually creates a track record of your shift from learning into doing. It builds up over time as you're using the science of action service on a monthly basis, you're going to start building an action record. Your executive aide takes responsibility for keeping track of the amount of hours, the time that you're putting in working on the highest leverage opportunities in your life. This isn't just a task management system that you're putting in notes, like don't forget to pick up milk after work, or pick up the dry cleaning. It's none of that.

Instead, it is a top-shelf solution for only the highest leverage, most important, least urgent opportunities that is creating meta measurement and psychological momentum around the streaks of consistently showing up on a daily, weekly and then monthly basis, to move forward on these huge courageous kind of bold projects in your life that create real concrete change. I'm really excited for science of action members to dig in and start to experience all of the measurement components of the software that we've built.

[0:47:24.0] MB: I want to pull it back now and re-summarize what we're offering here with the science of action. There's three big components that form a total accountability package. The first is that you're going to get an effectiveness aide that works with you one-on-one. You have a phone call every week and they're going to have weekly check-ins with you be on the phone call, where they're checking up and making sure that you're actually executing. This is one of the most effective strategies for accountability.

Next, you're going to get a monthly webinar with me, where we're going to go through how to actually implement the ideas from the Science of Success. Walking you through the tactics and strategies and giving you the tools to be able to do it. Lastly, this is all going to be housed on a proprietary software platform that's state-of-the-art and enables you to collaborate in real-time with your aide and get access to all of the content we've created with science of action now and in the future.

Peter’s work is really the foundation for what we're bringing and offering to the Science of Success community here. I wanted to share a couple quick stories. With the magic of editing, we can sort of insert them here from people who've worked with these executive aides in the past, and they can share with you just what it's like.

[0:48:33.7] CM: Hey, my name is Carl Mattiola and I'm the Founder of Clinic Metrics.

[0:48:37.7] KA: Hi, my name is Kathryn Atkins and I'm the owner of Writing World, LLC, a freelance business writing company.

[0:48:44.4] S: Hi, it’s Sen here in Scotland, and I just wanted to say a quick word of thanks to Commit Action and a bit about my experience with Commit Action over the last year.

[0:48:53.4] CM: I started with Commit Action about a year and a half ago. When I did, I was still working a day job –

[0:48:59.3] KA: Since last year, the first nine months of last year versus this year, I am up 50% in sales.

[0:49:06.2] S: It immediately started to inject some action-oriented structure to my weekly routines. I was always structured and driven, but became much more focused on the things I could control to move my business forward. Commit Action is now a permanent fixture in my life and it has been for the past year.

[0:49:21.5] CM: It always helps me stay focused and just really driven. It's just really good to have that extra person on the other side. It feels good to have that, know that they care and it makes me want to do more knowing that there's somebody else outside of my everyday life looking at what I'm doing, so it's worked really great for me.

[0:49:41.2] KA: It's been a great thing. Their simple formula is surprisingly powerful.

[0:49:46.2] S: I'm eternally grateful for the huge leaps that I made mentally.

[0:49:49.7] CM: Today and looking forward a lot has changed. I mean I've left my job since then. I'm working full-time on my businesses. At the time, I was only one employee just working for myself and now I have nine people working with me on these businesses.

[0:50:03.5] KA: I built the confidence and the momentum and the determination that I needed to go forward even more.

[0:50:11.8] CM: I highly recommend the service if you're somebody who really needs some help with productivity or being more productive, or if you're somebody like me who's already somewhat productive, but just wants to improve themselves. Yeah, highly recommend it.

[0:50:27.2] KA: It's like I've tapped into a force in a Star Wars kind of way.

[0:50:32.9] S: Now my future definitely looks bigger and bolder than I would have previously thought, because I’m mentally equipped with powerful tools that can guide and support me.

[0:50:42.8] MB: We're combining these executive effectiveness aides with these webinars with a software platform creating an end-to-end accountability service that's going to help you be more accountable. I'm sure probably asking yourself at this point how exactly is this going to work? What exactly is this going to cost? I wanted to put that in context for you.

As I said, this comes out of my work with Peter and how he's helped me personally become a high-leverage action taker and we found a way now to share that with a broader Science of Success community of people who want to become action takers. Working with Peter, he's incredibly busy. He can only take on maybe five, 10 clients at a time and he charges several thousand dollars a month for his service. He's done some homework and looked into what would be a more effective pricing strategy for the science of action.

[0:51:34.7] PS: Yeah. We actually kind of focused group this and talked to a few different people who are in the target psychographically of who it is that we want to be working with. The prices that we heard thrown out there for this level of weekly accountability varied from, you know, honestly up there with what I charge at the thousands of dollars a month point, down to I think about a $1,000 maybe $500 a month, which I think is great. It certainly is exciting that people are pumped about the value of this and see it as an investment in their life.

We think that we can do a hell of a lot better than that. This is a service that we're excited to bring to a decent sized group of people. We're starting off with 50 spaces and a hard limit on that availability, and we are pricing this at $199 per month.

[0:52:20.7] MB: I think it's really important to talk about why this is only available to the first 50 people who sign up. We have hundreds of thousands of downloads every month and we can only offer this to the first 50 listeners, because these are badass, highly-trained, high-touch executive effectiveness aides. They're going to be working with you one-on-one in a white glove concierge experience. This isn't something that we can offer completely in mass, but I am really excited that we can offer it to a larger chunk of the community, and so it's really specifically for the people who are right there ready to crush it, ready to take action, they know there's an opportunity in front of them that they need to be executing on and this is going to be the thing that helps push you over the edge, so that you can execute on it.

Specifically, take a look at your career, your life, your health, your relationships and see what you can do to improve it. If there's something right there in front of you that you know you could create a big impact on. Is it making a major shift in one of your relationships? Is it changing dramatically something about your lifestyles, so that you can be healthier or more mindful? Is it a career opportunity, whether it's getting recognition, taking charge, seizing that promotion, driving a particular outcome in your business. These are the kinds of things that you can use the science of action to create a breakthrough in your life immediately. With the help of these executive effectiveness aides, you're going to be able to create the accountability that's going to make those outcomes become a reality.

[0:53:48.6] PS: The way that I think about this is, you know my backgrounds both as shrink for entrepreneurs and my other company is always working with business owners, with entrepreneurs. For those people applying this kind of objective accountability is a no-brainer, because they're people who are living right up against that opportunity, where every single day their actions make a difference in terms of their bottom-line results. I think that for Science of Success listeners, if you take a really good hard look at yourself, you may feel that you're actually in a similar position.

The way that we've set this up the 50 space is the $199 a month price, is really something that you can think about being comparable to perhaps a high-end gym membership, or even working having like a session or two with a high-end personal trainer who's about to get you in the best shape of your life. These are the types of investments people make, because they know that that kind of accountability and sort of effectiveness really creates results. The only difference is this is in your wider life.

If you're an executive who's got something that you can really take initiative around, take outside responsibility for and create dramatic change in your life that's going to yield a result. In other words, if there's going to be a return on investment, not just for investing in the actual price of science of action, but for the time and energy that you'll need to put in in order to make that leap from learning to doing.
We are looking ultimately to work with people who are outcome-oriented, who are ready to make that type of commitment and investment in their life, because they know what it is that they want and they have a clear path in front of them to accomplishing it.

[0:55:21.8] MB: The way that you can sign up for science of action is by going to scienceofaction.net. You can sign up right there on the homepage, scienceofaction.net. Remember, we can only take the first 50 people who sign up, so be sure to go there as soon as possible. We exclusively release this early just to our e-mail list, so you're getting an early access to this.

We can only take the first 50 people who sign up at scienceofaction.net, and that's how you can join the service, get your own executive effectiveness aide, join our monthly webinars and become somebody who is an action taker.

[0:55:57.2] PS: Just to give you a perspective on what happens as soon as you hit that sign-up page and fill out your information, the very next thing that you're going to do is go to a webpage inside of our web app there that's going to give you a selection of different appointment times. We have tons available appointment times to suit all different time zones around the world out and serve clients in over 20 countries, so that's not a problem.

You're going to select the appointment time that suits you best, then you're going to be on-boarded and start filling out a questionnaire. The point of this questionnaire is to equip your executive effectiveness aide with everything they need to know about you and what you're working on, what you've got going on in your life, so that they can help you become the highest leverage version of yourself possible and really even make that first check-in call that they do with you really count.
The last step once you've done that questionnaire is you're going to get access to our proprietary web app. We set it up for new members coming in to be in what we call bucket mode. That's where you're going to be able to input tasks and ideas, hopes and dreams, anything that you've got on that kind of mental to-do list, or maybe it's a physical to-do list you have somewhere with a 101 kind of ideas and thoughts and hopes and dreams projects and things that you want to be doing.

What I want to encourage you to do is to put all of that stuff into the science of action app. Get it all listed out down there, so that your executive aide can start sifting through it helping you create priority, helping you tease out, using our proprietary, methodology, using the psychology that they are trained in, what the lowest-hanging fruit is, what the high-leverage opportunities are. They're going to create order out of that chaos, get you on track with specific measurable outcomes that you're going to stop pursuing on a weekly basis, and then updating them on and kind of beginning this entire process.

Treat this as an opportunity right after you sign up, fill out that questionnaire to then brain dump everything that you need, and that's how we're really going to start changing your life and moving you from learning to doing with this science of action service.

[0:57:57.7] MB: Once again, you can go to scienceofaction.net and sign up. Only the first 50 people who sign up are going to be able to get in the program right now, so be sure to be one of those people if you're primed and ready to take action in your life. Again, just to give you a sense, I know sometimes it's hard on a podcast if you're driving around, if you're at the gym, etc. I want to give you a quick summary and tell you again what science of action is.

It's a big shift for the Science of Success, but it's something I'm really passionate about and this process and these strategies have transformed my life and created a tremendous impact for me personally. I've been wracking my brain about how I can solve this learning-doing gap for you, the listeners of the show and this is the first step towards solving it and helping more people in the science obsessed community become high-leverage action takers.

The three pieces of this puzzle, this accountability package that we can now give to you and help you take the steps and become somebody who actually creates results and executes in their life. The first thing you're going to get is an executive effectiveness aide that's going to be your white glove concierge to help you stay accountable, manage your goals and figure out what your priorities are.

Next, you're going to get a monthly webinar with me and the other science of action members, where we're going to go through the specific steps and strategies for executing the most important ideas from the Science of Success. I'm going to walk you through how I've done it and share with you exactly what you need to do it as well. This is all going to be housed in a great custom proprietary software application that you can get online. You can get it on your phone, you can get it wherever you want. We can offer all this for just $199 a month, which is the fraction of a price of what something like this is truly worth.

You can go to scienceofaction.net and sign up right now. We can only accept the first 50 people who sign up, so be sure to go there and check it out. If you have more questions or you're curious, Peter and I are also going to be hopping on a live Q&A just for people who are on our e-mail list, and that Q&A is going to be Tuesday, May 29th at 6:30 p.m. Eastern Time. We're going to be doing a live Q&A, so we can talk to you more about science of action and share a few more insights about how to create accountability in your life.

I know this is a new step for me and it won't be for everybody. It won't be for all of my listeners, but regardless of that, I really wanted to create something like this. Again, this has been tremendously impactful for me personally. I truly believe in what we're doing with the science of action, and I wouldn't be creating this kind of special episode about the show. I wouldn't be sharing all these insights with you if it wasn't something that had personally worked for me and I know can work for you too to create results in your life.

Thank you for listening to us and for sharing this journey with us. I'm excited to be able to provide you with the real tools and strategies you can use in your life to become a high-leverage action taker and to become somebody who's accountable and creates results for what they want.

I think for everybody who's listening to this episode, the biggest meta takeaway of our whole conversation is that whatever you do, you need to find a way to supplement what you're learning with accountability so that you can become someone who creates action, who takes action and makes it happen in their lives.

Peter, thank you so much for coming on the show. Thank you for collaborating with me to create the science of action. I'm so happy and excited to be able to offer this to everybody and I can't wait to see what kind of results the listeners go out and create using this amazing service.

[1:01:31.3] PS: Yeah, thanks so much for having me. I really appreciate it. It’s been cool to riff on this. It's been a pleasure working with you to collaborate and build this over the last few months. I think that that meta takeaway is spot-on, by the way. I tell everybody that I meet this, to everyone I touch and interact with in all my capacities across different businesses, I think it's the same story for science of action, for Science of Success listeners, no matter who you are, no matter whether or not you feel like you're one of these people who's on that precipice who's ready to make the leap from learning to doing and joining us with this, or if it's not for you, either way solve this accountability problem in your life, get a mastermind together with friends, get accountability buddies, do all of that, because accountability works best when you stack it.

I'm going to encourage everyone who joins science of action to stack as much accountability as possible. What we've built, what we've put together with our executive aide service and all the bits and pieces that makes this a total accountability solution. That I think is the cream, the ultimate cherry on top for an accountability cake. I'm sort of taking this metaphor too far here, but it is a cake, a layer cake that you should be building in your life.

We're put together a white glove option for really busy ambitious people who want the absolute best accountability, the kind that's objective, that's utterly professional and is rock solid and dependable as a result of all of that. I totally agree. I want every listener today to walk away from today with a new sense of appreciation for the power of intentional social bonds and the accountability that springs forth for them. Thanks for having me.

[1:03:05.4] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our email list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the email list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly email from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 
Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the email list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.



May 31, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity, High Performance
GregMcKeown-01 (1).png

Essentialism - Get the Mental Clarity to Pursue What Actually Matters with Greg McKeown

May 24, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we look at the real strategy for producing breakthrough results, high contribution and personally satisfying work .The last time someone asked you how you were doing - did you answer “Busy?” Then this episode is for you. We explore why smart, capable people end up plateauing and failing. We examine the culture of busyness that has overtaken us and examine how to avoid the traps of getting overwhelmed and focusing on the wrong things. We share strategies for determining what’s important, eliminating the non-essential, and making execution effortless with our guest Greg McKeown. 

Greg McKeown is an international keynote speaker and the bestselling author of Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less. Greg has spoek at events around the world including SXSW and interviewing Al Gore at the World Economic Forum, where he serves as a Young Global Leader. Greg has worked with some of the largest and well known companies in the world and his work has been featured on Fox, NPR, NBC, and praised by many more.

  • How do smart, capable people end up plateauing and failing?

  • Success breeds options and opportunities, which can eventually undermine success

  • Success can actually be a catalyst for failure via "the undisciplined pursuit of more"

  • You have to become “successful at success,” success itself must be managed if we are to get to the next level

  • Essentialism is a continually process and a disciplined pursuit of less

  • The three key strategies of essentialism are:

  • Explore what’s essential

    1. Eliminate the non-essential

    2. Make Execution as effortless as possible

  • The forces of success are such that they tend to naturally push us away from that process of focusing on the essential

  • Our old responses are necessary but not sufficient to the challenge of focusing on the essential

  • Do you ever feel busy but not productive?

  • Do you ever feel like your life is being hijacked by other people’s agendas?

  • You have to act upon your life in a deliberate way —> schedule it, put time on the calendar for that

  • It’s not just about eliminating the time wasters, but also eliminating the good opportunities too

  • How do we combat the social pressure to say yes that constantly makes us over-commit ourselves

  • The expansion of choices has not been incremental - its not a 10% increase, its not a 100% increase, its a 1000x increase or more in the last 100 years - the human condition has fundamentally changed - and we have to adjust our strategy

  • We have to shift more deliberately than we have, more deliberately than we think we need to. 

  • We must become FAR more selective in what we go after

  • You cannot possibly execute on everything - even the good opportunities - you must focus only on the most important opportunities

  • Is this the VERY BEST use of me? Is this HIGHLY IMPORTANT? Is this the MOST IMPORTANT thing that I can be doing right now?

  • “Non-essentialism” is the default setting in our lives right now

  • The problem is that our default setting / default decision is to take on more and more until we’ve diluted our efforts and shifted our focus away from what’s truly important 

  • Because everyone is running around in a reactive mode, in a busyness bubble, it seems and feels normal to be like that 

  • Non-essentialism is a “fact free” position that has no support in the research

  • Is “non-essentialism” producing breakthrough results, high contribution, and personally satisfying, and highly meaningful for you?

  • Does this sound familiar: How are you? “Busy"

  • Busyness has become a value. 

  • What does the science say about being productive?

  • The second most highly correlated item that distinguishes TOP PERFORMERS from good performers - is the number of hours of sleep

  • It’s not about doing more thing's its doing more of the RIGHT THINGS

  • The first thing to do is build your essentialist muscle around things that you CAN control

  • Reaching for your phone first thing in the morning is giving up a lot of power in your life and other people end up setting your priorities and dictating how you spend your time and energy

  • “First less, then obsess"

  • The essentialist mindset can help both your personal and your professional life

  • If you want to go from being an overwhelmed order-taker to a trusted advisor- you have to pause and understand your priorities - and bring the reality of trade-offs to your boss/supervisor

  • The idea is not called “no-ism”  - the key is to figure out what IS essential - what’s the most important thing we could be doing - and then DO THAT

  • The most graceful no is actually saying YES to something that’s more important. Yes to a bigger and more important opportunity.  

  • How do you say no gracefully? How do you overcome the discomfort of telling people (especially your boss) NO?

  • It’s important to understand that the goal is NOT to be selfish - but to make the biggest possible commitment - and in order to do that - you must focus on the essential.

  • Highly mature relationships can sustain a no

  • Are you falling prey to "Bertolt-Becht Thinking”? (and why that might be dangerous)

  • What will matter when I’m no longer in the picture?

  • This is what we need to do in order to not waste our lives 

  • Self actualization is not the same as self transcendence - and why that distinction is essential (no pun intended) to understand 

  • "Reducing oneself to zero"

  • The lesson from Ghandhi showcase the true power of essentialism

  • "Humility and simple truth is more powerful than empire"

  • How to cultivate a self-transcendent perspective

  • The most important thing to do is to figure out the most important thing to do is and to do it

  • Small wins are the only way to truly get started

  • The 21 Day Essentialism Challenge

  • Homework - begin a daily reflection a journal - even just one sentence a day

  • Reflection (via journal) will “open up a whole world of value” and is Greg’s “favorite tool and technology"

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

SkillShare.png

This weeks episode is brought to you by our partners at Skillshare!

For a limited time, Skillshare is offering our listeners TWO MONTHS OF UNLIMITED CLASSES for only $0.99! That's UNLIMITED classes for two months for only $0.99. Go to www.skillshare.com/success to redeem this incredible offer NOW!

Skillshare is an online learning platform with over 20,000 classes in design, business, technology, and more. Whether you’re trying to deepen your professional skill-set, start a side hustle, or just explore something new, Skillshare will keep you learning and thriving.


Again, Skillshare is offering our listeners the incredible deal of two whole months of UNLIMITED classes for only $0.99 so get out there and start learning at www.skillshare.com/success

SHOW NOTES, LINKS, & RESEARCH

  • [SoS Episode] Everything You Know About Sleep Is Wrong with Dr. Matthew Walker

  • [Article] The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance by K. Anders Ericsson, Ralf Th. Krampe, and Clemens Tesch-Romer

  • [SoS Episode] Blindspots, Bias, Billionaires and Bridgewater with Dr. Adam Grant

  • [Book] Great at Work: How Top Performers Do Less, Work Better, and Achieve More by Morten Hansen

  • [WikiQuote] Bertolt Brecht

  • [Challenge] Essentialism 21-Day Challenge

  • [Book] Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less by Greg McKeown

  • [Personal Site] Greg McKeown

Episode Transcript


[00:00:06.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than two million downloads, listeners in over a hundred countries and part of the self-help for smart people podcast network.

In this episode, we look at the real strategy for producing breakthrough results, high-contribution and personally satisfying work. The last time somebody asked you how you were doing, did you answer with the word busy? Then this episode is for you.

We explore why smart capable people end up plateauing and failing. We examine the culture of busyness that has overtaken us, and examine how to avoid the traps of getting overwhelmed and focusing on the wrong things. We share strategies for determining what's important, eliminating the non-essential and making execution effortless with our guest, Greg McKeown.

I believe that stepping from learning into doing is the major problem facing ambitious smart people today. I'm on a mission to close the learning doing gap. My solution to this problem, something I've been cooking up for years is the biggest announcement in the history of the Science of Success. All I can say right now is that something is coming and it drops on our next episode on May 31st. If you've experienced the learning doing gap, you want to pencil in some free time on the 31st. More details are coming soon, so stay tuned on our e-mail list.

If you don't know about our e-mail list, I'm going to tell you how to join it and why you should join it now. I'm going to give you three reasons why you should join our e-mail list today, by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. There's some amazing stuff that's only available to our e-mail subscribers, so be sure to sign up and join the e-mail list today.

First, you're going to get an awesome free guide that we created based on listener demand. This is our most popular guide and it's called how to organize and remember everything, which you can get completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide. You got to sign-up to find out by, joining the e-mail list today. Next you're going to get a curated weekly e-mail from us every week called Mindset Monday. Our listeners have been absolutely loving this e-mail; it's short, it's simple, it's filled with articles, videos, stories, things we found interesting or fascinating in the last week.

Lastly, you're going to get exclusive content and a chance to shape the show. You can help us vote on guests, you can help us change our intro music and much more. You can even submit your own questions to upcoming guests. You'll also have access to exclusive giveaways that only people who are on the e-mail list get access to and much, much more. Be sure to sign up and join the e-mail list, there's some incredible stuff, but only subscribers who on the e-mail list are getting access to this awesome information.

In our previous episode, we discussed how to build self-control and self-esteem. We looked at what happens when you lose control, and how to develop the strategies so that you can feel calm and collected in tough situations. We discussed the importance of having an allegiance to reality, shared concrete strategies for building self-esteem, discuss the relationship between pain and fulfillment and shared a strategy for never getting angry again, with our guest Dr. David Lieberman. If you want to learn how to build real self-esteem, listen to that episode.

Now for the show.

[0:03:49.9] MB: Today, we have another awesome guest on the show, Greg McKeown. Greg is an international keynote speaker and the best-selling author of Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less. He's spoken at events around the world, including South by Southwest, interviewing Al Gore at the World Economic Forum, where he served as a young global leader. Greg has worked with some of the largest and most well-known companies in the world and his work has been featured on Fox, NPR, NBC and much more.

Greg, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:04:18.1] GM: It's terrific to be with you, Matt. Thanks for having me.

[0:04:20.4] MB: Well, we're super excited to have you on the show. As I talked about the pre-show, I'm a tremendous fan of Essentialism, and I think it's such an important philosophy, so I can't wait to dig into it. I'd love to start out with how do smart capable people end up plateauing, or failing, or becoming stuck in their careers and lives?

[0:04:41.7] GM: Well, there's a simple patent that I’ve observed, first in organizations, but then also within the individuals inside of those organizations. It's this that in the early days, they have a series of circumstances that lead them to a point of clarity, where they're doing the right things for the right reasons, for the right at the right time and some of that select. Some of that is deliberate and intentional, but nevertheless they find a point of clarity.

That clarity is so compelling that leads to success. Success breeds options and opportunities, which in turn paradoxically undermines the things that led to success, because it can lead to what Jim Collins has called the undisciplined pursuit of more. In this way, you can actually have a situation where success becomes a catalyst for failure. This is the problem, and the antidote to it is the discipline pursuit of less, or to give another term for this, essentialism.

That's really what I took the time to study and write and bring together in a way I hope is useful, because what we have to do is become successful at success. It's not enough to simply become successful in the first place. Success itself must be managed if people wish to break through to the next level in their lives, or of course, in organizations too.

[0:06:04.5] MB: I think it's such a powerful insight, and one that I've definitely seen in my own life as you become more and more successful, you continue to see opportunities popping up and all of these different things. How do we start to move down that path of the disciplined pursuit of less?

[0:06:19.3] GM: I think that there are really three things that must be done in a continual way, a disciplined pursuit in fact. We have to create space to explore what is essential. We need to develop the skills to gracefully, courageously and compassionately eliminate the non-essentials. Then we need to thirdly, build the routines and the systems to make execution as effortless as possible. That's a continual process; explore, eliminate and execute. Again, explore, eliminate and execute.

It's not one more thing and it's not something you check off and say, “Okay, I'm done with that, move on to the next subject.” To my reading anyway, it's the very work of life, certainly the very work of success, quite literally. The challenge is that the forces of success are such that they tend to leave us off that cycle. We tend to lead us to having too little time to consider what is essential.

We become reactive to all the many good things that are happening, but they're still just the good things. We can become full and cluttered in such a way that there's no longer room for us to evaluate what things we're doing. Where this gets especially complicated now is that it's not just individuals that are going through this paradox of success, it's not just individual organizations you happen to be working in a startup, that's starting to experience a lot of growth and connection in the marketplace. No, it's society and culture at large.

I still maintain a good problem to have, but it is in fact a problem. A society at large is now in a position where it has so many vast options opportunities. It is a literally an exponential increase of options and opportunities for everybody, almost everybody, and even in developing countries. We're all now culturally in a position where our old responses are necessary, but insufficient to this challenge.

People listening to this can test it quickly. They can simply ask themselves whether they ever find themselves being stretched too thin at work, or at home, or beyond. Do they ever feel busy, but not productive? Do they ever feel that sensation of their life being hijacked by other people's agenda, or other disruptions through social media, through news updates and so on? If they say yes to any of those, then they are experiencing exactly the phenomenon that we're talking about.

Now given that environment, this cultural environment could be doubled down upon if you happen to be working in a successful enterprise, could be doubled down upon further, if you yourself been breaking through to the next level at various points in your life up to this point. If that's the circumstance, then you have to act upon your life, you have to act upon what is going on in these deliberate ways. Now I'm going back to the beginning of this answer, which is you have to act on your life to explore what is essential. You must schedule back, put time on the calendar for that.

Just eliminate non-essentials. Meaning, not just eliminating the time wasters, it's not a bad place to begin, but also some of the really good things in your life, some of the good opportunities, because you can't actually do everything. You might be able to do anything, but not everything. You have to act upon your life by creating routines and systems that support what you've identified is being highly important. That's the work. That's the work of again, thinking of a phrase, to become an essentialist. That's what I think is necessary now because of the level of challenge that we've entered.

[0:10:10.8] MB: I want to dig into, I think that's a great point and I want to explore this idea of pursuing, or eliminating opportunities that are good, or exciting, but maybe not just right, or amazing. Before we dig into that, I want to come back to this idea of the current cultural climate around pursuing opportunities and success. I feel like there's so much social pressure right now to constantly be saying yes, to constantly be pleasing people. How do we combat that?

[0:10:41.5] GM: Well, I think first thing to do is to appreciate the size of the change, which I still maintain for all that we have lived through it, we have underestimated the fundamental change to use Peter Drucker's term in the human condition. That the expansion of choices has not been incremental, it hasn't been a 10% increase in options and opportunities. It's not even a 100%. Think how dramatic that would be.

Think if you went back into let’s say 1800, United States 1800s and you were to take somebody almost certainly working in agriculture. Completely consumed with the natural processes and there’s a lot of work to be done, don't get me wrong in such an environment. If you could just take that day, we think about the absence of disruption that a person would have experienced. Now they've got lots going on, but I mean, the work to be done is largely known at the beginning of the day.

Something is unexpected, things are going to come up. If somebody wants to disrupt you, they must come and find you in person. They can send a letter, okay this is it now. Tey can send you a letter or they can physically be there. This is the only disruption that's coming to you. The flow of information would be compared to now so slow.

Now imagine if you were to instantly in a second, nano second, snap your fingers and produce for them the number of opportunities and information updates and platform of communication that we're experiencing now, and you did it instantly. Well, what would happen to that person, to that family? I mean, what level of shock are you going to produce for them? Try to explain to them the number of options they have. They want to buy new seed for their agriculture and you go, “Okay, well there's literally a million different things that you can do from a million different places. There’s just so many options.”

The shock would be in my view, tremendous. The implication of going through that story for a moment is that we have got to shift more deliberately than we're thinking we need to. We must become far, far more selective in what we go after. You can think about this on a continuum. You can say, “Okay, 1 to a 100, things that are 1 out of a 100 important are not important.” These are complete trivia.

It may be worse than trivia. I mean, these things are taken away from things that are even basically important. They're doing you damage, there they're destroying your discernment, their addictive behaviors in one form or another. They're highly unimportant, non-essential. The other extreme, you've got a 100%. I mean, these things are vital. These things would matter. If you didn't do them, they would they would affect everything for the rest of your lives. They might affect intergenerationally what happens in your relationships, in your into general relation with family. Well, these things will matter for a hundred years.

Okay, now you've got this continuum now. The challenge is that, this follows a bell curve pattern, where the majority of the ideas, options, opportunities, activities that we could explore are in the center. This is 50%, 60%, 70% out of a 100%. These are good things. You can make a case for them, every item you think well, that's a good thing that's useful. You might even call it a worthy cause, a worthy pursuit.

The nature of the challenge is that you cannot possibly do them all. You can't even possibly do a fraction, not even 5% of the things that [inaudible 0:14:21.5]. Not even 1%. You have to make choices, and here's where it gets difficult is if that doesn't sound difficult enough, is that my experience with this is that there is enough work to be done, 90% to a 100% on the scale. There is enough work there to fill the rest of our lifetime.

The implication of that is that any time that I am and almost every day I am participating in activities that are less than 90% out of a 100%, then I am taking something away from my essentialist life. I'm trading off something more important for something less important. It creates this tension, which I think is a healthy tension that we can't just pick up an opportunity, an idea and say, let's look at this of ours. Is it a valuable thing? Is it a good thing? Is it an interesting thing? Those are good questions, but they're insufficient.

We have to ask instead, is this the very best use of me? Is this highly important? Is this the most important thing that I can be doing right? To train ourselves, to think like this, so that at least we pause to figure out whether in fact this is what we should be doing, at least we pause again, to explore is this viable? We might still say, well for other reasons, I'm just going to do it. We might say, well it's important to this other person and they're quite important to me. It’s still too expensive in unintended consequences for me to suddenly not do this, but nevertheless we're pausing and thinking about. Otherwise, our lives can be consumed with a trivial many, instead of consumed with the vital few. 

[0:16:05.0] MB: For somebody who's listening, who thinks to themselves, “I can have it all. I can do all this stuff. I can execute on all these different projects and priorities and multitask and achieve all these things,” either a listener who thinks that, or even someone who's listening who has something like that in their lives, how do you, or how would you break through to them, or communicate that message to them that that's just not possible?

[0:16:28.0] GM: Well, I think that one answer is that this is really what I was gathering and trying to articulate in my book Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less was deliberately to try and gather evidence of the problem and also the antidote, so that people could start to see what is hidden in plain sight. This is one of the main reasons that I wrote it was to shine a light on this, to amplify this voice in our lives, because non-essentialism is a pre-existing voice. This is the default setting for our lives right now.

Most people that are choosing the non-essentialist lifestyle and strategy have never done that deliberately. They haven't said, “What I want to do is double down on doing everything that's good, and max that out, so that I can't even see or discern the vital few.” I don't think people are choosing like that. It's a default choice, a default setting. They just were born in this environment. We weren't born in pre-industrial age era. We were born in this environment. This is so normal and as mnemonic animals, as copiers, humans, copiers, we just watch what other people do and we just got on with it. We just did what they did.

Maybe it happened different. Maybe we moved into an organization, which is going well, what people doing. Yeah, we didn't for very long saying what really matters. What's the most important work I could be doing right now? No, we just said, “Well, what is everyone else doing? Everyone else is busy, everyone else is running around, everybody else is just responding to an e-mail, everyone's reacting.”

I think there's a default assumption that they must be doing that very deliberately. That is a strategic choice they've made. Of course, if I want to move up in the organization, if I were to get ahead in my career, I ought to do whatever else is doing. This is a do what other people are doing strategy. This is the norm and we're unaware of the full price of doing that, because everybody's doing it, and because we're in what I would describe a busyness bubble.

In all busyness bubbles, for a time, it looks the strategy that people are pursuing is working in the short-term, results take time to show. Just like in the real estate bubble, for a time it looks well the people who are buying five houses with no money down, those are the ones getting the advantage. How about I do the same thing? We double down on a strategy, that's actually fundamentally bad, fundamentally false, non-essentialism, which is the undisciplined pursuit of more.

This idea that if I can shove it all into my schedule, fit it all and I can have it all. Has only one inconvenient element to it and that is based on a lie, it's based on false assumptions. It's just, actually the research doesn't support it at all. This is non-scientific position. This is non-credible, this is a fact free position, but it has been sold to us and it’s been sold to incessantly and has become a factor of our culture, to the extent that people are living this way as I've said in a default way.

I think the first thing to do is to in a sense, it's the name non-essentialism and to shine a light on it. To ask ourselves, is it producing the reward it promises? Is it producing, is non-essentialism, this pursuit of trying to do everything for everybody without really thinking about it, is that strategy producing breakthrough results, high contribution, personally satisfying and great contribution to others and really highly meaningful relationship with the people that matter most? Is it producing that?

If it's producing that, if non-essentialism is producing that for you, for the person listening, then I said continuing it. Forget everything I'm saying. If it produces what it's promising, then keep going. In fact, I might even say a little tongue-in-cheek here, to double down on it. Sleep less, don't sleep at all in fact. Do everything that everyone's doing, do everything that you see people are doing on social media, do it all, double down on the strategy, see if it continues to produce what is promised.

What I think people will find, I think there's a few in fact, very few people that will argue this point. There's not much organ rejection of this, that non-essentialism does not give what it says it will give. Yes, because it's been sold, doesn't mean it's real. Just because it's continually sold, doesn't make it more real.

I was just talking to somebody just the other day, how are you – See, when I first came to America by the way, if you ask people how they're doing, what they said is good, or great, fine. It took longer certainly in the last 10 years when you ask people how they're doing, now they say busy. Hate it, busy. There's all in fact, this all flavors of busy, “Oh, I'm busy, busy. Great, but busy. I'm super, super, super busy, but I’m super great.” There’s all flavors of this.

This woman I was speaking to, she said, “Greg, I'm so busy I’ve slept an average four hours a night for the last two weeks. That’s how busy I am.” She's smiling. Why is she's smiling? I think that she was boasting, that's what I think. She didn't say it, but I think she was saying, “Greg, I hate to break it to you. I'm just a little more important than you are. I slept on average only four hours, because I'm under such great command.” Is it?

That's culture speaking. That her believing risk is an evidence itself of success, you both because busyness is a value, in the busyness bubble, busyness is a value. It’s become a value. It doesn't mean it's real, but that's what people are buying into. It's an overvalued assets, just like the real estate was in the real estate bubble.

Let's look at the science behind it. Is it true? I mean, is it true that if you sleep less that you increase your productivity? Does one hour less sleep as she seems to be in part, equal one hour more productivity? I know of no great in scientific life in that, cultural life in that. I mean, if you sleep, we'd never say we would. We would never say this employer over here, absolutely marvelous. The way they are the way they make decisions drunk all the time. They’re drunk, it's marvelous. The quality of a decision-making, marvelous and inebriated like that.

We never say that thing. Yet, the science shows that we are physiologically and psychologically the same as when we're drunk when we're sleeping four hours a night, notwithstanding this total hero fallacy that if you're sleeping four hours a night, that's what it means. That's the Uber woman, that's the Superman. That is not to say that’s totally utterly non-scientific position. Eric Anderson, who of course was studied top performance. This is the same study that Malcolm Gladwell popularized in outliers calling it the 10,000 hour rule. The 10,000 hour rule was basically look, within this service simplification of the underlying research, but basically says that if you want to master something, you spend more hours doing it.

Approximately 10,000 hours to become a exceptional PNS, violinist, exceptional in a variety of areas. Now if you look back at the research as I have, say not Malcolm Gladwell's work on it, but the actual underlying research. What you find is that the second most highly correlated item to distinguish top performers from good performance, that is to say what is the second most difficult thing is the biggest single difference between good performance and highest performance is the number of hours of sleep they got.

Who would guess this? Who would select this? An environment where sleep is easy? Get up.  You got to be productive. It's about how much you do, it’s how much you step in, it’s how much how busy you are. How many hours of sleep was the second highest correlated item? The highest performers were getting eight and a half hours sleep on average in every 24-hour period. That means they were sleeping more at night and more naps than their average performing counterparts, even the good performers.

As an exception, performance is correlated with sleep. That's just one illustration. Essentialism isn't about sleep. It's about discerning what matters. It means eliminating what doesn't, it means building a system to support those things. It's an illustration, because sleep is critical, vital for discernment. If you want to discern between the vital many and the trivial – the vital few and the trivial many, you go to sleep. It's not the only thing, it's not sufficient, but you've got to sleep, because then you start to be able to discern it. If you aren't sleeping, then they're not going to be sustainably top performers. They're just burning out their ability to prioritize in order for a short-term win in some instant increase in productivity for just a moment on some project and so on.

That's fine. Maybe you can do it for a couple of days like this, but it very quickly discernment goes down to the point that you'll be working on the wrong things. You make your list of all the things to do, you'll start working on them, but you're working on the wrong things. That's where essentialism really comes in, because it's not about doing more things. It's not about doing more things. It's doing more of the right things. That to me is what essentialism is and that's key to thriving a breaking through to the highest point of contribution in today's environment. It's all about your ability to discern what should be done at all, not just busily jumping into the work of doing.

[0:25:03.6] MB: Let's dig in. I think that was a great example. Sleep is obviously so important, we know for listeners who want to get into that more, we have an incredible interview with Dr. Matthew Walker is one of the world's top sleep experts, where we go super deep into sleep and strategies for in all kinds of stuff.

Before we dig into some of the strategies for determining what's essential and figuring that out, I really want to dig into how do we break out of this culture that says, “Oh, it's more important to be busy. Oh, I constantly want to be putting that front on,” and maybe a specific contextualization of this, is let's say we have a boss who constantly comes up with non-essential projects and distractions and wants you to constantly be focused on those and working on them?

[0:25:50.8] GM: Well, I think the first thing to do is to build your essentialist muscles in the things that you can control. Even though you gave me a perfectly reasonable situation, I still want to remind people to start where they – build a routine around the first power of your morning. That right now if you're reaching to your phone first, you're giving up a lot of power, not only to this hypothetical boss, but to many other things and influences in your life.

In this way, you can drip by drip give up power to other people, to the point that they really are dictating the prioritization of your whole life, not just of this particular interaction, or a series of requests that a boss might make projects that you think maybe aren't the most useful valuable way to spend your time and resources.

I think it's a non-trivial point to raise is that first, build habits and routines around the things you ought to be able to control. If you don't do that in an environment that we have right now, this spot scenario can be in charge of your whole life. I don't mean that – that's not even hypothetically. I was at a event a while ago and the executive in question was talking, taking questions, globally recognized CEO. They're talking about work-life balance.

They just said, “Oh, yeah. I just – I have not.” They said I spend – I just gave that up 20 years. I just decided I wouldn't see my family for 20 years. I mean, they are saying this. I thought it was a sense refreshing, because at least they're being real. Some of these, “Well, what about the people you work with?” They said “Oh, yeah. Everybody bleeds blue just like me.” They said, if I call my – if I take e-mail, not call. If I e-mail my assistant at 3 in the morning, they respond to me by 3:03.

Then said that, “Isn't that right?” They point to the back of the room, there’s about 50 person in the room and all heads turned. Who are they talking to? There are assistants right there. What is the assistant going to say? “Yes, that's what I. Yup, that's what –” We're all going, my goodness. Is this really happening? Is this being established as the norm in the organization that this person has so little control of their time and space that any time belongs to the institution?

This is why I'm saying, I think that the place to begin is where is reasonable and sensible and perfectly right for a person to have control, and start there, so that you build buffer into your life and protection. For an excellent analysis of exactly what I'm describing, here you can look at a book that I really like. It's come out recently, called Great Work, which is a study of 5,000 workers and trying to identify that the tactics and strategies that distinguish the top performers from the good performers. It’s good to great for individual employees.

He finds that the top performers, this is the principle, it’s very essential this principle and says that, first less than obsessed. They identify what fewer things to pursue and go big on, and then obsess over them, so they get them done well and superbly well. Then he also found that we didn't originally go out to study this, he also found that that strategy at work also bled over and resulted in better work-life balance.

This mindset, now these are my words now, the essentialist mindset, if you adopt it, if you implement it personally and professionally, both areas can win. This is the value proposition of essentialism, in fact. You can end up doing more important work at work and also have better boundaries and better work to be able to do work in your personal life, and to be more focused there as well. That's what this new research supports, that's what it shows.

Now all of that is context for the question you actually asked, and I don't want to miss the answer of it. The answer is in that scenario to begin a process in that there, in that moment, maybe all you can do in that moment is produce a tiny pores, depends how bad the situation is, depends how non-essential is the boss is, that non-essential the culture is that your team and your work and so on. At first, you might just be able to create a pause and just go, “Hey, listen. Of course, I'm happy to do whatever you'd like to ask, but can we just talk about this for just a second? Is this the most important project that we have, or can we just look at all the different projects you've asked me to do and let's just look at them and just prioritize them. Actually, I've already done that. Here's what I think it you would say with some various important things. Can we talk about this? Let’s validate this.”

Just a little more just to say is that the project that you just talked about is that more important than this item that's number one, number two that's on this list? Because I think I could do a superb job on number one and number two, but I don't think I can do a superb job of all these five, six, seven, whatever number projects. I just want to talk about that and let's understand what the best use of time and resources is.

I think that's in the short-term something that can be done. I've done that personally, specifically had that conversation. In my case, it went well. My file leader said, “Okay, the most important job is this. That's definitely the one I want you to focus on. Let me come back to you in a bit and we’ll organize this to make sure you have sufficient time for that.” I ended up having a full year focused on that single initiative, and it was very successful and it was simply wouldn't have been if I'd had to spare all my resources around across five different projects as it would have happened if I just reactively said yes.

I'm not advocating did you reactively say no to people, that you just without thinking about it start saying no to your boss, your boss's boss. No, this could be very career limiting move. I do think if you want to go from being an order taker, an overwhelmed order taker I might say, to a trusted advisor, then you have to pause, you have to pause in the conversation, and you need to be able to bring the reality of trade-offs and the reality of essentialism into the conversation. If you want to pause a little longer than that, if you're able to depending on the relationship, you might actually say, “Look, I've been reading this book. This Essentialism. Let's have the team read it,” because what will happen if you do that –

Well, this is based on the practical practitioner work of implementing these ideas in organizations is that the more people that are reading this together, it means that people start to, it’s almost wake up from this odd non-essential extreme, in which they believed, or at least pretended to believe that they could actually do everything.

Once you wake up from that, you go, “Oh, my goodness. Well, we're not having the right conversation, or we're not working on the right things. Let's work out together, put the right things on.” Suddenly, you can actually have a whole culture shift. It can be incredibly profitable for an institution, incredibly good for people's work-life balance as they actually create an essentialist culture, because they're able to have an essentialist conversation.

[0:32:33.7] MB: A corollary of that that I want to dig into, and I know something you've written and talked a lot about, it's a whole chapter in the book. This is something personally I struggle with, which is why I'm curious, how do we say no to people in a graceful way? Especially for somebody like me, I’m a people pleaser and I always want to say yes and go with the easy, short-term feeling of making somebody happy, or saying yes to their commitment. How do we build that muscle and that ability to say no, or how do we say no in the right way?

[0:33:05.7] GM: Well, the first thing I want to say, even though I definitely write about in the book graceful no’s and so on, is that I didn't write a book called noism. I've learned I have to emphasize that, because otherwise, it's just so emotionally charged for people the idea of saying no. It's almost the only thing they hear. “Oh, my goodness. I got to start donating everything. That's going to be so damaging. I'm so scared of doing that.” They either don't do it, or they do do it and then that causes a slight – can cause problems.

The key is to have conversations with people about what is essential. The key is to get the conversation being about that, what's the most important thing that we could be doing, so that that is what gives drive, gives courage and it also helps us to balance the compassion necessary to be able to say as often as possible together, well of course, if we do these things and that and can't be done. It's just there's not room for it, not resources for it. We want to do what we're doing and do it well.

As far as you can, the most graceful no is in fact saying yes to something more important. If you can do that together with somebody, then then in fact, the no doesn't feel like the emotion charge no that we often associate with a three-year-old saying no that their parent, the 13-year-old saying no as a teenager to their parent. These are quite unattractive social interactions, and that's our experience with no.

I think the best no is actually this yes that I'm describing yes to a bigger yes, yes do it more essential yes. I think the second thing to realize is that where we can help people cause? We do have an obligation to help people. We want to make a contribution. This isn't selfishism. This is contribution that we're trying to make a higher contribution. I do find in my own like to user from Adam Grant’s research. Adam is a friend of mine and his book Give and Take, I got my favorite ideas there and something that I share a commitment to is the idea of five-minute favors.

If you can do something within five minutes for somebody, it's good to do it, especially if it's something that you uniquely can do for somebody, that it's a particular help for them. What I would call maybe discipline giving, and essentialism is about a disciplined pursuit of what's essential. There's a place for disciplined generosity and discipline giving, but where his research and mine overlaps and supports each other is that if you have undisciplined giving, even undisciplined service, even for how tremendously positive I feel about service, I think that's our life should be serviced.

If it becomes undisciplined, reactive, if it becomes that then it can actually – it can in some cases do damage. If we're doing for people things that they really can do for themselves, it can, it can create scenarios, where we're actually breeding a problem, not solving it. I'm not helping people to become self-reliant as we ought to.

I think that the answer as I say is to find, to discuss together, to counsel together, in order to figure out what the essence should be and therefore, what the trade-off should be. I think that go beyond that, to say, “Okay, how can I give these five-minute favors? How can I help in a disciplined way?” Then of course, there are circumstances finally now where the answers needs to be no and should be no and can be no. I would love to do that. Thanks for thinking of me for various reasons, I won't be able to. Maybe next time.

You can say, especially where you have a lot of influence, a lot of control in the situation, “Oh, let me take a rain check about. I love to be about you, but not possible.” A friend of mine wondered, texted me and wondered whether I'd like to train together for a marathon. Thought about it and I responded, nope. Then it made him laugh and that was the end of that.

You don't have to do it, that's because it's a good thing. No way that my life – I would have been trading a lot more important things to just start training for that, given the other things I was already committed to. There are circumstance where simply a no is fine, especially if you've built the relationship over time, so it can sustain it. You want to be in relationships and to be in habits with people that are sustainable. Otherwise, you're already out. It's already over, just not yet.

In an unsustainable relationships of personally, or professionally are already over, in anything like the long run, by definition unsustainable. They cannot be perpetuated. You need to get to the place where they are healthy, that you can give and take, that you can say no, but they can say no. Otherwise, the relationship is already fraught with a fundamental weakness and the fault and the relationship will eventually undermine everything else in the relationships. I think this is why highly mature relationships, parents place courage and compassion in being able to negotiate the no, in a way that potentially can even build the relationship over time.

[0:37:37.0] MB: I think you raised a really, really critical point too, which is to me one of the cornerstones of understanding essentialism, is that it's not about being selfish. It's about commitment and it's about creating the biggest possible impact on creating results. The reality is and the research shows that the best possible way to create the biggest impact, create the most results is to focus on less and do a really good job of it.

[0:38:04.5] GM: Yeah, that's absolutely right. There's two ways of thinking about essentialism. One, too Maslow's hierarchy of needs; you can think about it as he originally might have suggested we do. The highest level of the pyramid, we’re all familiar with it, I'm sure the highest point was self-actualization. In certain times when people read essentialism, they read it from that lens. Okay this is about self-actualization. This is just about what is going to maximize my benefit in life, my pursuit in life, maybe even my first degree happiness in life.

Towards the end of Maslow’s life, he changed it, but not in time for the books that he’d already published the pyramid as he had written about it earlier on in his life. In the end he changed it, and it changed it to self-transcendence. That he believe there was a higher need than self-actualization. That's just exactly how I feel about essentialism, but if you read it from a self-actualization perspective, that I think it can deteriorate into a sense of well, this mess to me, it doesn't do too bad. I'm doing it and whatever the consequences are, let them be.

I think that it's a much wiser perspective to take. In fact, the one that I intended in writing it, that this is about your highest contribution. It's inherently self-transcendent. It's about saying what's more important than your own ego, own pride, own short-termism. That's the breeding ground for much of the non-essential activity of our lives, in fact. That we’re just trying to compete with our neighbors with our keeping up appearances, that this ego-driven activity is in fact totally non-essential, won't pass the test a 100 years from now, would be worth nothing at all, just total distraction from what actually mattered.

Might not be a 100 years, might be two weeks from now we'll notice that this wasn't important work. The whole lens of essentialism, I believe is self-transcending. A lot of that is in the, is in the eye of the beholder. The reader must decide how they're viewing what's on the page and if they're caught up in the idea of self-actualization, as I think a lot of people can and intentionally be in the peak performance culture. Then they'll read it in a certain way and apply it in a certain way.

I always want to emphasize this now that it's about difference-making. It's about how do you have the maximum impact for good. Now that's meaningful. One of the tests I just demonstrated a moment ago, but it's one I didn't write with Essentials, but I really believe I think there's a lot more work that could be done, what I think I will do it is around this hundred-year-frame that says, that breaks the paradigm that I think has many of us controlled.

The paradigm that has many of us controlled is what I now call birth until death thinking, sort of be that you’re thinking right, which is that we're saying even these questions we're talking about, even the idea of making a contribution if you think about it from birth until death, you're going, “Okay. What's the best use of me in my life?” Then it grows into what we think of as the most enlightened view, which is what's the legacy that I'm going to leave?

I think all of that is slaved to the same basic paradigm, even legacy thinking, I think still it's like stretches, but doesn't break the bounds of the birth until death thinking. Here's where birth until death thinking is such an inhibitor, it stops us from seeing our lives in anything like the right perspective.

It clouds and twists all other evaluations of our lives. As if we are the great story of humanity. It's me, it’s Greg McKeown. I'm at the center of the story. Like I'm at the center of the story, it's absurd. It's absurdism to believe that. I mean, a hundred years ago no one is thinking about me, hundred years from now no one will remember my name, my great-grandchildren won't remember my name.

I mean, if history is to be believed, because most people listening to this will not be able to even name the first and last names of all eight of their great-grandparents, won't even name them. If you can't remember the names, you don't know much about them. That's what it's going to be true for us, but that's not a depressing thought to me, because that's only depressing if you believe in birth until thinking, if you think that's the right claim.

I think if you want through, discerning really what's essential in this higher 90th percentile area. If you're trying to discern between things that are really good and things that are actually essential, then you say what will matter when I'm no longer in the picture? That's why a hundred years is such an important know that we won't be here, but our impact will still flow from us. The impact of doing, or not doing any number of things will be immense to us a hundred years from now.

The people come after it would still be impacted by this impact, will outlast memory. This is just a thought experiment, I suppose at this point, but it's an important one as people try to work out what really is essential, what's just good, what's non-essential? I recommend if you ask that question, that tests, a hundred-year question, what will really matter hundred years from now? If you do every 90 days you ask that question, in a personal quarterly off-site. You’re doing tremendous good in being able to actually transcend this self-actualization model.

You start to go, “Okay, it’s not about me. Therefore, what matters? Not what matters in my little world, not what matters in my part of the story. I'm just a little verse in the great narrative, intergenerational narrative I'm a part of.” It's a much humbler and more empowering perspective than to be subconsciously, but constantly consumed with the idea of how I fit in to the big story and it would be about me.

That's a very relieving place to get to. I think that this was a perspective as I say, goes beyond what I wrote in the book, helps to elevate the subject and helps to say, or maybe somebody listening is going, “Okay, yeah. This is a bit heavy. It’s a bit big for me. I just got to pay the bills and going to figure out the next thing.” It's not just a first-world problem to think like this. This is what we need to do to be able to not waste our lives.

Paradoxically, if you don't want to waste your life, you have to think about the world without your life being there. As you forget, as you turn down the volume of me in my story and I start to be able to discover actually a higher truer contribution, and I can start to eliminate more and more if I really am not and more and more what just doesn't even matter, and so that more and more of the real self can actually come forward. It's a paradox, because as you said, get rid of, you lose these scales of non-essential self.

You actually become your truest self. You’re no longer in the game of competition, in comparison, it just consumes us and uses up so much of our time and energy and resources. Just get to be in the business of contribution, making a difference. I think this is what Gandhi did in India. I think that he became an essentialist, because he became consumed with thinking about the other, what would happen in his country after him? He became the father of India without ever holding any political position, it’s extraordinary. How did he do it?

I was in South Africa where he lived for 23 years, where he was first beginning his civil rights work and he took on the South African government. It was successful. It took him a long time, but I was there speaking at an event and I went to the Phoenix settlement, where he lived for those 23 years. I was given a poem. I recall it was the only poem that he ever told, it's the only poem he ever wrote. Then account these words, think of these words, reducing oneself to zero. 

Now that's what he did. That's what it was all about and he reduced himself to zero. What took his place? It wasn't a nihilistic point of view, it wasn't like nothing matters. It was that, is that a very few things matter. In his case, a singular purpose, singular purpose bring independence to the largest democracy in the world. That was what it was about.

Not about him. In fact, he was able to rid everything from his life. He eliminated all the stuff, all the clutter, physical clutter from his life, died with only 10 items to his name, and that's a really deliberate choice. He could have made a very different choice. He wanted to be so singularly focused on purpose, what it would really – was he built – what did he have to contribute, and he wasn't then have to be so consumed in himself anymore, his own story anymore. He's liberated from all that nonessential junk, reduced himself to zero, that he became consumed with purpose.

That takes so much humility, but what a gift humility can be. I mean, pride and ego says it’s not a friend. It just clouds a judgment, cloud that activity so deeply. When Gandhi died, the US Secretary of State, the same General Marshall, he said here's a man who said that – shown humility and simple truth is more powerful than empires. What a thing to say, quite a thing to say that that much power, that much contribution, that much impact comes from that source, humility and simple truth.

Think of it, compare that to the nonsense of self-actualization that says, it's all about the stuff, it's all about what you succeed and what you've gained, what you've won and what you've got, how you can demonstrate that. It's a totally different game. It's a completely different game and he was playing by those rules by the time that he died.

Einstein said of Gandhi, he said the generations to come will scarce, believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walk the promised earth. It’s just essentialism, just applied essentially until it consumed him. The endless disciplined pursuit, he called it my experiments with truth, but he might have called it my experiments with essentialism; the endless pursuit, the elimination of all the things that weren't actually adding to the purpose of his life.

It’s a story almost nobody knows about. I interviewed his grandson and told me about Aaron Gandhi, he said – Aaron was living in South Africa when Gandhi was his grandfather's back in India doing all this experimentation, taking on the British government in the way that he did, and was beaten up as teenager for being too black, because it was still in the middle of apartheid there. Then later by a different group, being too white.

You can really imagine how angry that would leave a youth and it left him really angry. His grandfather said to come and live with me. In the midst of all of this noise and you can see that this comes out of the perspective, it's not about me perspective, self-transcendence perspective, that he said come live with me. I'll make time for this. I got heads of state wanting a piece of me, but I can discern by this point, my life something meant for a long time, something's don't, and this is something that matters.

He went and lived with his grandfather. Aaron told me, he listened to me for an hour a day for a year and a half, is really – that is essentialism in practice right there. Be able to discern that, be able to sense this will matter 100 years from now, this will really matter. Well it's not been quite a hundred years yet, but tremendous part of Gandhi's legacy is it's being impacted by his grandson, who started the nonviolent Institute for – of Mahatma Gandhi. He's gone on to continue that legacy, the highest form of it. It may be more important than any of that, he just said, he said this whole life was transformed, changed by being listened to and affirmed in that way.

This is all just to say that we're not supposed to be Gandhi. That's not the point of bags. The story, that example, but what it looks like, what it can look like if we allow this to not be one more thing, not one more podcast we're listening to right now, not just one more, oh and I should remember that too, but we say this could become the trust of my life. I could actually change it a core to believe that the most important thing to do is to figure out what the most important thing is to do, and to do it.

That can become the core of our life to pursue what's essential and eliminate what's not. That's the idea. We could start in small ways, of course this is the only way to start any kind of change, small ways, but the mindset shift can happen, the heart set chip can change, so that we actually spend the totality of our life pursuing and executing on what matters most to us. Instead of thhe majority of our life reacting with a non-essential stuff, and only occasionally remembering that the most important stuff is not getting done.

That shift can happen, that shift can happen. I've seen it happen for people. I've seen it continually changing me. I'm off track still many, many, many times, every day, but I've seen the shift happened to me, and I've seen it happen for other people. The data is there and people have a choice to make. I don't think they’ll ever regret choosing to become an essentialist.

[0:49:47.0] MB: What a powerful example and in really showcases the – what can happen when you when you push this idea and take it to the extreme, the incredible impact that it can have. I'm curious and you touched on this a little bit, talking about the power of small wins and how that's really the only way to get started. For listeners who want to implement essentialism into their lives, what's a concrete way to get started, or to determine what is essential, their routines or strategies that they can implement to begin down this journey?

[0:50:18.0] GM: I developed a 21-day essentialism challenge that you can make available to. There's a download as part of this podcast, if you'd like. That really gives a series of very small change that people can start to make towards this end. I think among them is there’s beginning a very tiny, but daily reflection in a general – I have two grandfather's as all of us do, and one of them and he died, I was struck by how nothing, a very little at least seemed to leave behind of who he was. That I was surprised by how little I knew about him, even though I talked to him many times and taken the time I thought to know him. So much of it, once he died, I thought, my goodness I’m not even really sure I can tell you like his best friend were.

So much of that was just in his own mind, and I just took for granted. As soon as he's gone, he takes a limit. My other grandfather right before he passed away, I was thinking, reflecting on the same thing, but he gave me a copy of a journal that he'd been writing. He'd written this one or two sentences every two or three days for 50 years, one journal, one book. How much more I knew, how much more I could connect the dots, because of that.

That's something I would recommend people do to start to implement these different things we're saying, every day one sentence. Don't write five pages. In fact, for at least 90 days, you're not allowed to write more than one sentence, but you write every single day, no matter how late it is, no matter how early you get up the next morning, you write one sentence. At first, I don't even care what it is that you write. Over time, this will evolve, over time you might write what's the most important thing that I learned today. What's the most important memory, I think I'd like to have. Maybe you would write some days what's the most important decision I've made today. 

Certainly you can use that tiny increment to add something more and more valuable, but at first just a habit over time. I mean, I decided to do this and I've been journaling for 20 years, now more. Over seven years ago, I decided I just no longer want to miss a single day. I haven’t since then. As far as I can recall, I haven't missed one day since then. Now I write a lot more and I've developed a whole process for whatever nice and whatever flag to use for planning as well, most days.

I have a whole process for what to do. The magic of pen and paper and having a reflection is my favorite tool, is my favorite technology. I think about the habit will open up a whole world of value to people, because of precisely what the journal can't do, as well as what it can do. This can’t distract you in the way that technology does and can. That's huge bonus in this environment. That's one thing I would really encourage people to do.

[0:52:54.7] MB: Where can listeners find you and your work online?

[0:52:59.9]  GM: They can go to gregmckeown.com and they can find me on social media and so on, and just keep continuing this journey together.

[0:53:08.6] MB: Well, Greg. Thank you so much for coming on the show for sharing a powerful story about Gandhi, but also all of the lessons of essentialism. As I said, I really think it's a fundamentally important strategy and tool and something that I think about a lot and structure my days around. I'm so glad that we were able to have you on the show to share all this knowledge and wisdom.

[0:53:30.9] GM: Matt, it's been a pleasure. Thank you.

[0:53:32.5] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right? on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right? at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.

May 24, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
JakeKnapp-01 (1).png

Being Busy vs. Creating Results - What Are You Doing? with Jake Knapp

May 10, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we discuss what happens when you mistake being busy with creating results, we take a hard look at time management and examine concrete strategies for carving out more time, we look at the dangerous power of “defaults” in shaping our behavior and how we can use them to our advantage, and examine how to have a healthy relationship with our inbox with our guest Jake Knapp. 

Jake is the New York Times bestselling author of Sprint. He spent ten years at Google and Google Ventures, where he created the Design Sprint process and ran it over 150 times with companies like Nest, Slack, 23andMe, and Flatiron Health. Previously, Jake helped build products like Gmail, Google Hangouts, and Microsoft Encarta, and his work has been featured in Tech Crunch, Fast Company, The Wall Street Journal, NPR, and more.

  • Jake’s own battle and journey with time, time management, and figuring out how to make the most of his time, effort, and energy to create more results 

  • Lessons from a “time dork” who has spent time in the trenches thinking about how to best spend your time

  • We spend a lot of our time in the world of “defaults” - with our technology platforms

  • The “busy bandwagon” - the cultural norm of wanting to be and appear that you’re busy

  • Deleting instagram, facebook, twitter and more from his phone helped Jake be more present 

  • What happens when you mistake being busy with creating results

  • If you're caught up in the minutiae of life - what can you do to step back and get clarity on priorities and what’s really important in your life?

  • There’s no secret solution for everyone - it’s about trying strategies to see what works for you - and constantly engaging in contemplative analysis of what’s important 

  • A “burner list” strategy you can use to organize your todo list 

  • We’re not super human and we don’t want to be - many of us wouldn’t be happy with the life of Elon Musk

  • Every time the todo-list gets, full, stale, etc - reconsider what’s number one - and just focus on that 

  • Think about the space between a TASK and a GOAL - clear 60-90 minutes to really dive in and create results on your most important item on your ToDo list

  • You don’t need to be busier to create the results you want - its about taking control of what you’re doing

  • “Someday” goals can become realities if you prioritize correctly and break them into executable chunks 

  • If you’re not taking steps toward your goals, they effectively don’t exist

  • The importance of creating a meaningful connection to your goals - to create motivation in the near term

  • You have the ability to “recover time” in your day by spending less time in a reactive state

  • As one of the early pioneers of email, spending his time help building gmail app and much more - Jake has some strong insights into how we can have a healthy relationship with our inboxes 

  • Defaults are tremendously powerful in shaping our behavior - think about what defaults you have in your technology life - and how you may be able to tweak them to be create more of the results that you want 

  • The difficulty of saying no - and how we can do a better job of it

  • How to say no like a sour-patch kid

  • Get out saying yes/no to commitments in person, defer and come back later when you’ve had time to think about it

  • Saying yes to something is a great way to kill your own priorities. They are like barnacles on the hull of your ship

  • Trying to construct situations where a team can make really good decisions using the Design Sprint process 

  • Lessons from constructing environments to help people make better decisions

  • The design sprint process and how it helps teams work together and make great decisions

  • Making sure that you’re considering opinionated / conflicting solutions to, and creating an environment where it’s healthy to have disagreement 

    1. Anonymous disagreement on paper

  • Homework - Lightning Decision Jam 

  • Homework - What is your distraction kryptonite?

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

SkillShare.png

This weeks episode is brought to you by our partners at Skillshare!

For a limited time, Skillshare is offering our listeners TWO MONTHS OF UNLIMITED CLASSES for only $0.99! That's UNLIMITED classes for two months for only $0.99. Go to www.skillshare.com/success to redeem this incredible offer NOW!

Skillshare is an online learning platform with over 18,000 classes in design, business, technology, and more. Whether you’re trying to deepen your professional skill-set, start a side hustle, or just explore something new, Skillshare will keep you learning in 2018 and beyond.

Again, Skillshare is offering our listeners the incredible deal of two whole months of UNLIMITED classes for only $0.99 so get out there and start learning at www.skillshare.com/success

SHOW NOTES, LINKS, & RESEARCH

  • [Website] Time Dorks

  • [Article] The “Burner List”—My simple, paper-based system for focused to-dos by Jake Knapp

  • [App] Freedom

  • [Chrome Extension] Inbox When Ready

  • [SoS Episode] The Secret That Silicon Valley Giants Don’t Want You To Know with Dr. Adam Alter

  • [Article] Lightning Decision Jam — Solve Problems Without Discussion by Jonathan Courtney

  • [Twitter] Jake Knapp

  • [Book] Decisive: How to Make Better Choices in Life and Work by Chip Heath and Dan Heath

  • [Book] Sprint: How to Solve Big Problems and Test New Ideas in Just Five Days by Jake Knapp, John Zeratsky, and Braden Kowitz

  • [Book] Make Time: How to Focus on What Matters Every Day by Jake Knapp and John Zeratsky

Episode Transcript


[00:00:06.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than a million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries and part of the self-help for smart people podcast network.

In this episode, we discuss what it means when you mistake being busy with creating results. We take a hard look at time management and examine concrete strategies for carving out more time. We look at the dangerous power of defaults in shaping our behavior and how we can use them to our advantage. We examine how to have a healthy relationship with your e-mail inbox with our guest, Jake Knapp.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should join our e-mail list today, by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page. There's some amazing stuff that's only available to our e-mail subscribers, so be sure to sign up and join the e-mail list today. First, you're going to get an awesome free guide that we created based on listener demand. This is our most popular guide and it's called how to organize and remember everything, which you can get completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide. You got to sign up to find out, by joining the e-mail list today.

Next, you're going to get a curated weekly e-mail from us every week called Mindset Monday. Our listeners have been absolutely loving this e-mail. It's short, it's simple, it's filled with articles, videos, stories, things we found interesting or fascinating in the last week. Lastly, you're going to get exclusive content and a chance to shape the show. You can help us vote on guests, you can help us change our intro music and much more, you can even submit your own questions to upcoming guests, you'll also have access to exclusive giveaways that only people who are on the e-mail list get access to and much, much more.

Be sure to sign up and join the e-mail list. There's some incredible stuff, but only subscribers who on the e-mail list are getting access to this awesome information.

In our previous episode, we explored the brain. Are the two halves of the brain really that different? What is this idea of whole brain thinking? How do you get your brain to do what you want it to do? Can we become more right-brained or left-brained if we want to? We also dug into the personal story of our guest, a neuro anatomist who suffered from a devastating stroke and how that experience transformed her worldview, with our guest Dr. Jill Taylor. If you want to understand how to get your brain to do what you want it to do, listen to that episode.

Now for the show.

[0:02:57.6] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show, Jake Knapp. Jake is the New York Times bestselling author of Sprint. He spent 10 years at Google and Google ventures, where he created the design sprint process and ran it over a 150 times with companies like Nest, Slack 23andMe, Flatiron Health and more.

Previously, Jake helped build products like Gmail, Google Hangouts, Microsoft Encarta and his work has been featured in TechCrunch, Fast Company, The Wall Street Journal, NPR and more. Jake, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:29.2] JK: Hey, thanks for having me on, Matt. Appreciate it.

[0:03:31.4] MB: Well, we're very excited to have you on here today. I'd love to talk about and I think we're definitely going to dig into the sprint methodology that you've popularized and really executed for a number of years at Google. Before we dig into that, I'd love to start out and look at, I know you have a new project in the works right now. It's not coming out for a number of months, but you have a book about, the name is Make Time, and it's about how to prioritize and how to create the time and the focus for the things we really want to get done.

I'd love to hear what inspired you to create that book and what are some of the core themes that you want to explore with it?

[0:04:05.8] JK: Well, this topic of time is something that I've been thinking about for many years. It all goes back for me to when my oldest son was born. He's 14 now, but when he was born I was working at Microsoft at that time and I realized, “My God. I have got to spend my time better. I got to get better at doing this.” That led me on a long path of experimenting with personal productivity, experimenting with the ways that I did my work and ultimately, with doing the kinds of team practices that led to the design sprint.

Along the way to developing the design sprint, which is very much a tool for teams and businesses, I ended up thinking a lot about how I could manage my own efforts and energies in the day to have more satisfaction and to feel I was doing the things that mattered. My colleague at Google Ventures, who I worked with on developing the design sprint process, this guy John Zeratsky, he's a time dork just like me. In fact, we have a blog called Time Dorks, and we've been experimenting with some weird ideas of ways to really get control of the distractions and the busyness that plagued the modern world.

I mean, there are these amazing technological gifts that we all have access to, or many of us have access to and I've done my share of working on building those tools, but there's a lot to be done to actually make them – really put them in their place, so that we can put what we want to do first. That's what the book is about. To a certain extent, that's what the design sprint process is about too, so they go together.

[0:05:41.1] MB: Yeah, I'd love to hear even some of the lessons from Time Dork. What have you found obviously today's world are so many distractions and so much noise, pulling us away from what's really important. How have you personally dealt with a lot of the distractions that enabled yourself to be focused and productive?

[0:05:59.8] JK: Well, one of the big things is that we follow defaults in life. We have to, because it's how you get things done. When I say default, I mean, if you get a new phone, you get a new computer it's got default software on it, it's got a default wallpaper image on it, the phone's got a default ringtone, all those things when you get the phone, usually most of us the first thing we'll do is configure the phone to look the way we want, download the apps we want and maybe move the ones that we don't want, and put a photo of our kid, or something on the background.

That's the first step, but in life, a lot of the defaults that exist, we might not see them. A lot of them just stick around and they become part of our lives. For example, you start a new job. I think if you're lucky, you start a new job, you're excited about what you’re going to be working on, you come in the first day, you’re like, or else do this, you got your new e-mail address, you look in your inbox and there's no e-mails in there, because it's a new job, you look at your calendar and there's nothing on your calendar, because you're new. You're like, “Awesome. I'm here to do this.” There's something you're excited about some project. Let's do it.

You get into it and you start talking to people, meeting them, you start getting some one-on-one meetings on your calendar, you start getting some project updates, some stand-ups, some all-hands meetings. Pretty soon, the calendar is full of stuff and you can't make room to actually do your work. The inbox is full of stuff, and whether it's your inbox, or Slack, or whatever you're reacting all the time.

In modern life, we call this in the book the busy bandwagon. There's this expectation that's built-in by default, by the tools that we use and the structures that we use in our office culture. It's also a cultural norm. When you ask somebody how they're doing, they say usually, “I'm busy.” In the United States they’ll say, “I’m busy.”

That's good. People think like, “Oh, it's good to be busy,” and it is. I mean, it means you have a job. It implies that you're stressed out, and a lot of us are stressed out a lot of the time. Many of the changes that we talk about in the book and many of the things I've tried to do and it's hard, but it's questioning those defaults, and then trying to say – and I'm a designer. I've been a designer for 20 years. I try to think, “What's a way to redesign this, so that it works well for me? Works better for me?”

To give you an example on the iPhone, you don't have an iPhone. The default is you can have e-mail on the phone, you're going to have a web browser on the phone, you'll have Facebook and Instagram and Twitter. I realized several years ago, it's actually about six years ago, I was playing with my kids and I had this moment when I realized that I just was not – I was not present in that moment, because I kept looking at my phone. I was checking to see if I had a new e-mail, or I don't even really know what I was doing, but I had this moment when I was like, “Oh, my God.”

My older son was I think eight, my younger son was just a baby and I was like – I've seen the older son be a baby and go past that. I know that time passes by in a blink. I'm sitting here and I'm like, this this moment's going to be gone. Why is the phone so important to me? I'm not really consciously choosing to do this, it's just controlling me. In that moment I said, “I can take control of this. I can redesign this.”

I deleted Instagram, Facebook, Twitter off the phone. I figured out how to disable Safari off the phone. I deleted the e-mail account, which is really hard for me, because I used to work at Gmail. I mean, I've worked on that product. I really love that product actually. I realized, I don't need to have access to those things all the time everywhere I am. One of the new defaults in the world is that we have access to everything all the time, and that's part of what we have to get control of.

[0:09:42.1] MB: I love that idea of the busy bandwagon. It's so true. It's almost like a badge of honor in today's society to be busy, busy, busy, going from here to there, and all this stuff going on. I feel like most of the people want to appear busy, but they're mistaking busyness with actually creating results.

[0:10:01.2] JK: Absolutely. One of the things that's really key and in the book in Make Time and also in the design sprint process is focus, and it's being proactive and intentional about what the most important thing is, prioritizing ruthlessly on that one thing. In Make Time, we say every day you should pick a highlight at the beginning of the day. When I say highlight I mean, if I look back at this day when it's over, what would be the highlight of the day?

It could be something that's actually about work. Maybe you have some job that you just – you've got to get it done, but getting it done will be satisfying, because that it's important, it's urgent and I've just got to do it. It'll feel good to know that I got that chunk of that thing done. Or maybe it's something that actually bring you joy. It could just be that at the end of the day, I want to know that when I was with my family this evening having dinner, or when I took my kids to the playground, whatever it was, I was present during that moment. I was at full strength too. I had my best energy during that moment.

We think that starting off with that a little bit of intention and saying this is this one most important thing, if you just have one, then you can design your day around it. You can make sure that your energy level is high, you can make sure that your phone is away, that you're not being distracted during that moment.

Similarly in design sprint, we would craft each day around one big activity. I should say briefly what a design sprint is; it's a five-day process. It's highly structured to get rid of a lot of those bad office defaults and replace them with some really intentional steps that take advantage of things that we learned through the evidence of running the design sprint process over and over again, and also things that we learned from reading about psychology and reading about studies people had done, and really tried to apply. If you do these steps in this order, you'll basically get good results, you'll eliminate a lot of biases and you'll basically learn whether your project is on the right track.

In the sprint, on Monday you make them the whole team work together to make a map of the problem, on Tuesday of the team, each person sketches a competing solution, on Wednesday the team uses a structured process to make a decision, although it's not a democratic decision. On Thursday you build a prototype, on Friday you test it.

Anyway, it's one thing per day. Part of that idea of focusing on one thing per day I've seen work over and over again for all different kinds of teams. I've seen it work also for individuals and we found that when we applied that every day for ourselves, it just led to greater satisfaction and also greater accomplishments. I mean, you can do the kinds of things that you want to do only if you eliminate 90% of the stuff that we're reacting to that causes that appearance of busyness.

[0:12:39.0] MB: I love that, the idea of ruthless prioritization, and really being very, very cognizant of what our priorities are. Tell me a little bit more, for somebody who feels like they've got so many things going on and they have to do this and that and family life and all these other things, how can they step back and get clarity about what priorities are truly important?

[0:13:02.3] JK: Well, in the book we have over 80 different tactics that you can try, and we do not expect anyone to use all 80 tactics, because neither John nor I uses all 80. In fact, some of them are contradictory. There's some things that I have a certain approach to solving a problem that we have in the modern world. John is a different one and they actually compete with each other.

John does all these things to get up really early in the morning and do his highlight first thing before anyone's, any sane person who's woken up. I can't do that. I have kids. There's no way I'm getting up early and actually doing something productive. I got to do that in a different time. We talk about there's no secret solution for everyone, but there are a lot of different things you can try.

One thing that I love that's made a huge difference for me is starting off and stack ranking the big things in my life and doing this activity periodically, re-ranking the stack. For me, it's about saying, “Okay, what are the big projects?” I actually list – I mean, and this is going to sound really oversimplified, or maybe even callous, but I'll say family; that's a project, or writing a book, that might be a project.

I might have a project at work. Maybe I’ll just say work as a category as a project, or maybe I’ll be a little bit more granular, but I won't go down to the task level. It's at a pretty high level if I'm a runner, so where's running fall on there? I'll list out these four or five things that are the biggest things that are going on for me. Then I put them in order. After listing them out, I look at that then I say what's the most important thing right now? Then what's the second and what's the third and what's the fourth what's the fifth? I keep this list on my phone and I'll refer to it periodically and it's a tiebreaker for me.

One of the things that's really important is making that decision and saying like, “Look, for right now, things are going well with my family. Maybe I'm going to put my family second actually,” which sounds really awful, but there are times when your family comes first and there are times and realistically you've got a big thing going on, something you're trying to do and you need to put most of your effort most of the time into some other project, that's okay.

Sometimes the family does go out up there and obviously, they're always near the top of my list, if they're not on the top. It's about where, honestly where does the most of my energy need to go to right now? Then every day when I'm making a list, I use something that I call a burner list, and actually if your listeners can search for this post, I wrote a post about this called The Burner list. It’s my form of to-do list.

My to-do list only has two columns. The left column is my top priority project at that time, so whatever is the number one thing on that stack rank. The right-hand column has – half of it is the number two project and the other half, or the bottom of that second column is just miscellaneous stuff. That's it. If there's any other things that come up, any other tasks I just have to tell the person, “I'm sorry. I can't do it.” I have to say no.

I use that sheet of paper, that physical sheet of paper to limit what I can do. It's a combination of those two things making that list so that I know what the priorities are. Then just saying if it doesn't fit on the paper, it doesn't fit in my life. I found that that's actually a good representation of what I can pay attention to and do.

I think it's about finding those kinds of things starting to figure out where your – where is the edges of your capacity. You can use the tricks that I use, or some of the other tricks in our book if you like, but it's about that knowledge about yourself and figuring out what works, what doesn't work for you, but really where is the boundary of your time. When you know what's important and you know where the boundary is, then you can do the most important thing and say no.

[0:16:32.4] MB: I want to get into how to say no, because I think that's such an important skill and one that I feel in many ways it's almost lacking in modern-day society, but before we dive into that I just want to say that I really like the idea of just carving out even a little bit of time to get clarity on what you want to focus on. Even 30 minutes a week of just a – to borrow the term from Charles DeWitt like a contemplative routine of just saying, “Okay, what am I working on? What's going on in my life? Where should I be spending my time? What's working? What's not working?” Just even that tiny activity can sometimes create a lot of clarity.

[0:17:08.3] JK: Yeah, and I have found it's things like that, usually they sound good, but they're hard to put into practice. It sounds like, “Yeah, I should take some time to contemplate. It’s like, I should take some time to meditate. I should take some time to exercise, or do these things,” but it's really hard to do. A lot of what we try to do and Make Time was to take things that are hard to do really for real humans, because part of the challenge in life is that we hear so much about people like Elon Musk, who's the CEO of two companies and going to Mars.

Yeah, like Tim Ferriss. Tim Ferriss is a dude doing all these things, hyper optimizing his body and everything. We hear these things about these people and it’s great, they're impressive and we can learn from those people. It can't help, at least for me, but sometimes you just feel like, “God, I suck.” I look at what I'm doing and I'm like, “Man, I haven't launched zero rockets. I haven’t optimized my muscle tissue at all today.

That super humanity that we’re exposed to a lot makes it hard sometimes to even begin with the things that we need to do. The truth is I think that most of us, we’re not superhuman and we probably don't want to be. I'm not sure that most of us would be happy with those lifestyles. I think that this practice of reflecting and deciding what's important can become a part of your routine. For me, it's the routine is built into, again to my to-do list. Because I make my to-do list on paper and I think a lot of people do, chances are most of your listeners are not going to adopt my form of to-do list. You’re welcome to try it, but you probably keep doing some variation of your own thing.

When you rewrite your to-do list, if you do it on paper, that's a powerful moment, that's a moment when you can say, Okay, I'm going to put a little bit of structure on this. What's the most important project?” If you just write the name of the most important project on your paper and you give that a lot of the space on the paper and then you write the next most important project below it with a lot of room already eaten up, then you've already done half the job. You've already told yourself what was most important.

Now by default, you'll fill those things in, giving most of your attention, most of your priority to that number one thing. For me, that's the routine. It's just like every time the to-do list gets full, it gets a little bit stale. I've crossed a lot of things off and I'm redrawing it, I reconsider what's number one. In that way, it doesn't feel this hard-to-do artificial activity, it's quite natural.

[0:19:27.3] MB: I think in many ways that strategy is echoed by in a number of different realms, or fields. Even people like Tim Ferriss who talk about your most important tasks for the day, etc. Even if you can just accomplish the most important thing on your list, oftentimes just doing that is enough to create meaningful results, as long as you've selected the right thing to prioritize.

[0:19:47.7] JK: Absolutely. I think that while in the beginning, for me it was challenging to figure out each day what was the number one thing. A part of it is we like to think about the space that's between a task and a goal. There's not really a word for it. Task is very granular and it is easy in life to get caught up in reactive tasks, because they're so small.

Somebody e-mailed me and asked me to update the spreadsheet. I'm going to do that. Or somebody, I've got to run this this errand. It's easy to lose track of the goals, but the goals are so far off that they're hard to act on. You think what's the connection between this task and the goal.

In the book, we talked a lot about the space in between. That's what we call a highlight. We think that what you should try to go for each day is something more than one task. It's something that's a meaningful chunk. You should think in terms of clearing 60 to 90 minutes. We think if you can clear 60 to 90 minutes, if you can make that time and that's where the title of the book comes from, if you can make that time available to yourself, then you can do really remarkable things, and you can feel like you're doing the – you're living the life that – not the life that you always talk about putting off, “Someday we'll do that. Someday I'll get to that.” You can do that stuff now. It can happen now.

It's really that idea of making time that comes from you're either going to recover that time by literally moving your calendar around, and if you know that 60 to 90 minutes is what you want to get every day, then you start to block it off on your calendar in advance, you're proactive about it. Or you look ahead and you start to squeeze meetings and push them out of the way. You can bulldoze your calendar.

Or a lot of times we can recover time in our day by being more mindful of our energy, or by actually eliminating distraction. So much of our time is often destroyed by reacting to e-mail, reacting to social media, reacting to the news and controlling those things a little bit can also give you time back. We think it's actually you don't necessarily have to be more busy to get more done. It's about taking more control.

[0:21:54.5] MB: I really like the idea, or the insight of the space between the task and the goal. Tell me a little bit more about that.

[0:22:02.4] JK: This comes from a experience that my co-author John had. He talks about living in Chicago and the winter in Chicago and feeling the winter was just this blur of sleet and snow and freezing commutes. That he felt time was blurring by, and he and he realized at some point, he's like, it's not such as the weather. Actually, I'm just constantly reacting to what's going on in my e-mail inbox. I have these long-term goals.

The first thing he tried to do to get out of that rut of what felt like this work blur, and I’ve certainly, I've experienced it's like a lot of the years of my life, my working life, I couldn't tell you what really happened during those months, because it's just this work blur of meetings and e-mail. I think it's quite natural to have that go by. We can't remember every single moment of our lives, but you also don't have to totally accept that, right?

He started feeling the way out of this is long-term goals. I'm going to figure out what my long-term goals are and make sure I'm not just reacting to this forever. He started thinking about that, those goals. He felt there was this gap between those goals, which were really exciting and they were out there in the distance and what was happening for him every day. To turn this into a personal story, for me, for years I wanted to write. I want to write books.

It was something that was this long-term goal and I figured – I never even really defined when some day was. It was in the back of my head. It was like this thing I want to do someday. I took a creative writing class in college, didn't like my writing very much. I didn't like my own writing and thought, “I don't know if I'm really good at this. I'm going to keep doing what I know how to do, which is computer stuff.” I put it off. 

Having that thing as a long-term goal, it's good to know that you have a long-term goal to do something. If you're not actually working on it, if you're not taking steps on it, then it effectively doesn't exist. For John, the switch became figuring out that if he taped one thing to focus on each day, he could build enough meaningful traction on that thing to get something done, to actually start to make meaningful progress on his goals.

One of his big goals has been sailing. For him, he was just trying to figure out like, “Okay, what do I need to do to start to get better at sailing, so that I'm a more confident sailor?” For me it was about, with writing, it was finally 12 years after I dropped that class in college when I was in my early 30s working at Google I realized, “If I don't start writing that book now, I may never do it. I need to start clearing the time. I need to start making the time to do it every day, and I'm going to start doing it in the evening.”

Then once I that I'm doing that thing I'm so excited about and I'm clearing a meaningful chunk for it, then I was motivated to try to figure out how to make that work, how to create that time. I think the same was true for John. Once you started to have that goal, not be a someday far-off thing and you started to say, “I want to do it now,” you want to do more than just a little task. You want to do more than just a little piece of it. You want to do something meaningful. That motivation is part of what makes this whole idea work.

It's the same thing with our design sprints. We felt like, if a team was trying to make some subtle change in the way they worked, it's a lot harder. When you have one really important thing that you're excited about and you can channel that excitement and then you can – it's actually easier to make a bigger change, because you're excited. You're not doing it, because you feel you have to. When we talk about exercise and we talk about exercise a bit in the book, but it's not exercising because you have to do it, or because it's going to make you healthy, it's because it gives you energy to do the thing you want to do today. That's a reason to do it.

If you want to eat well, it's because eating well will give you energy to do the thing you want to do today. I believe that's actually much more powerful for behavior change than talking about there's a study and people performed this way, or that way. If you can actually make a real meaningful connection, and I've seen that happen again and again and again for all kinds of different teams in our sprints, that they're able to really muster their best efforts, their best energy and transform the way they work when that is associated with a near-term meaningful chunk of work, that's it's more than a task and it gets them on the road to that goal that they're excited about.

[0:26:11.3] MB: I think that's a great idea. I love the idea of tying goals to creating meaningful connections to your goals that helps create motivation. I'm curious, I want to circle back to a comment you made earlier, which I think is really, really important as well, which is the fact that there's this opportunity to recover time within our days by spending less time in a reactive state.

[0:26:34.0] JK: Yeah, so one of the things that I've noticed that happens for me is I wake up in the morning and I want to check my e-mails so bad. I love e-mail. I have loved e-mail since I was a kid. When the first time I saw e-mail, and I think it's about the first and almost anybody saw e-mail, maybe except for Al Gore and Vint Cerf, or something. 

In the early 90s, I had a friend who's way into computers. He's like, “Check out this thing. It's called e-mail.” I was amazed. At first, the only person I could e-mail was my friend, Ian. Even  only being able to e-mail one person who lived a couple miles away from me, I was just like, “This is fantastic. This is the best thing ever.”

I've tried to convince girls to talk to me on e-mail and this is in high school and which was not effective, even though I told them. It’s like, “This is so cool. It's the future.” Yes, but they were not into it. I think had more to do with me than with e-mail. Eventually, e-mail obviously caught on and I have loved e-mail for my whole life. I spent years working on the Gmail team building features for Gmail.
I don't know. I love it. I don't know why. It's really amazing to me. I think for a lot of people, we are either tied to it, or addicted to it for different reasons. I actually love it. I think it's a miraculous communication medium. When I wake up in the morning, I want to check so bad to see what's new. I know that there's going to be new stuff. Somebody probably and maybe another time zone might have wrote me an e-mail.

If there's not a new e-mail, there's certainly something new on the news, or on Twitter. I love Twitter. I know that one of those things is going to have something new for me and it's going to take very little effort for me to get interested in something and feel caught up. That feeling of caught up is what I want. I want that feeling of newness and caught upness. That's what I'm going for in the morning. If I do that, I've also recognized and I'm sure many folks can relate, if I do that in the morning, then all of a sudden I have broken.

I didn't recognize I had, which was silence. When I woke up in the morning, in my brain there was silence. It’s sprung up like a reset. There's quiet, I have this chance to set my intention for the day and start doing what I want to do without reacting to what the world wants me to do. As soon as I open that e-mail inbox, as soon as I even look at the news headlines, or skim through Twitter to see what people are talking about, I'm starting to react. My attention has become plugged with Swiss cheese holes. The foundation that I might have for my day is now a weak one. It's Swiss cheese, it's not concrete, it's not that solid stable calm base that I woke up with.

It took me a long time to even recognize that that was happening. Even though I know that that will happen, I still struggle every day to not do it. It's a challenge. That’s a very strong temptation. In fact, I uses a software called Freedom. Freedom is a software that lets you – you can actually schedule turning off your internet access. I used to use a vacation timer. I would plug my internet router into the vacation timer and just set it, so the default again, as a designer I want to control the default and I want to make the default – it's off. I don't want that to be the first thing I do. I don't even want it to be a temptation.

I want to keep my quiet bubble until 10:00 AM, maybe noon when I've had the chance to do some work. That's just all about my intention in the morning. That's some concrete example of how I approach that every day.

[0:30:05.0] MB: I think that's great. I mean, as somebody who's obviously been intimately involved in building the Gmail app, I think it's a great insight in how to have a healthy relationship with our inbox. There's a great tool that I use as well called Inbox When Ready, which I think is probably very similar, but it's really, really simple. It's a little button at the top of your Gmail that you can click it at any time and just show your inbox. The default is just to hide your inbox.

Now instead of sitting down on a computer and see my inbox and suddenly get sucked into 45 minutes of e-mail, it's hidden and I'm saying “Oh, what was that project I was going to spend 45 minutes on? Okay, perfect. Now I can come back to my inbox when I'm ready to get roped into that reactive state.”

[0:30:45.6] JK: Yeah, those defaults are so powerful. The thing is that there's a lot of talk about this and there's a lot of people smarter than us. I don't mean smarter than you and I, but smarter than me and John and talking about – they’re not smarter than you Matt, but smarter than me and John talking about what should the social media companies be doing and which of these big tech companies be doing on and so on.

It's an important conversation to have. Our take on this is that – I mean, having worked inside a lot of these companies and having friends inside the ones that I haven't, if I haven't actually worked inside them, I probably know folks who have. They're good people. The people who work at tech companies like me with e-mail, they're passionate about technology and they want to bring the future to life, and they want to bring the future to their customers.

I think 99.999 times out of a 100, you've got folks who want to do well. They're building products that actually do for the most part, improve our lives. I mean, the things that you can do with a smartphone are amazing, and I'm so happy to go on a run and listen to a podcast. I'm so happy to be in a foreign city and be able to navigate it with maps. There's all these things that are really futuristic and amazing with our phones. The problem is we have to take all of it all of the time. We can complain about the tech companies and say they need to be more mindful of our attention, they need to give us better defaults. We should do that, we should demand better defaults. That's good.

I believe that the tech companies will get better at this over time. It's hard to know though what's the right thing for every person. It's hard to know exactly how much you should give the customer control versus how much you should mandate control. Our approach is to say, as a consumer of these things, as an individual, you need to decide what's right for you, and then you need to create your own default. Don't wait for somebody else to do it for you. Don't wait for everybody to make your life perfect for you with tools. Do it now and figure out what you want now and today and start today.

In some cases, it is a matter of applying tools to the phone, or the computer, or whatever to take control over it and mandate those defaults for yourself. In some cases, it's about using paper instead of a screen when you can. In some cases, it's about just having that daily intention. All of those things start to set your own intention and your own defaults ahead of what the world has organically grown to demand a view, which is your attention on this, your attention on that. 
You have to make your own choices and put those first.

[0:27:22.1] MB: You’re probably listening to the show because you want to master new skills and abilities, so that you can live a rich and rewarding life. That’s why I’m excited to tell you once again about our loyal and amazing sponsor, Skillshare.

Skillshare is an online learning community with over 16,000 classes in design, business and more. You can learn everything from logo design, to social media marketing, to street photography. You get unlimited access to all of these classes for a single low monthly price. You never have to pay per class again.

They have some awesome courses on there that I personally love; everything from mastering Evernote to Mind Mapping to learning how to draw, or if you want to get a leg up on graphic design, social media, even your culinary knife skills, be sure to check out Skillshare.

Skillshare is offering something incredible to our listeners; two months for just 99 cents. You can get that by going to skillshare.com/success. That’s skillshare.com/success for two months of courses for just 99 cents. Be sure to check that out.

[0:34:29.2] MB: I think that comes back to something we touched on a moment ago, which is when the world is putting all these demands on us, especially in a professional context, what are some of the strategies we can use to say no?

[0:34:42.3] JK: Yeah, saying no is super hard. I think there's good advice for saying no out there, but a lot of it – the advice that I've read comes from people who are either so successful that it makes sense that they're saying no. I've heard a lot of examples of like, here’s how this billionaire entrepreneur says no. I'm like, “Well, I can't say no like that. People know why that person is saying no, but I can't say no to my friends, or somebody who wants to have a meeting with me, or something. I can't say no in that same way, because I don't have that same – it's not obvious that I'm busy. I'm not Steven Spielberg. I'm not that busy.”

Then there's another kind of saying no that's just really blunt, like being really blunt. That's good. It's good to be honest, but that's also hard for me. I’m a little bit of a softie, like if somebody asked me to do something, I want to say yes. I want to be helpful. We talked about this a little bit in Make Time, and the approach that we try to use is to have a prepared statement, a prepared line that you're going to use ahead of time.

You can you can figure out what you're going to say and be prepared for how you're going to say no. For us, this is something that we learned from a friend of ours, a colleague of ours at Google. Her name is Kristen and she's really good at saying no, but she also does it in a way that is socially, I think really smooth. It doesn't feel bad when Kristen says that she can't come to a certain meeting, or take on a project. She does it in a way that everyone respects.

She calls it a sour patch kid. She says the idea is that you're going to be when you eat a sour patch kid, if anybody seen that the commercials for sour patch kids, so the first taste is sour and then it's sweet on the inside. It’s sour in the beginning and sweet ending. For Kristen, you just say like, “I can't do that. I have too many commitments right now to do that project. What I can do is offer you this other suggestion. I might know another person for whom this might be a good opportunity, or at the very least I can say this sounds like a really exciting project and I wish you the best with it.” Or if it's true that you want to work with the person again sometime in the future you say, “Look forward to having another chance to work with you in the future.”

What's key about it is that the sweet part at the end is sincere. If you offer something, if you offer another connection, it has to be useful and you have to really believe that that person will be a helpful resource to the person you're saying no to. If you say that you'd like to work together again in the future, don't say it unless you mean it. A sincere sour patch kid, we think is a really good way to say no.

You start off by saying like, “I can't do this. I don't have time to do it,” but you offer something else. For me, using that technique has allowed me to feel a lot better about saying no. I've also found that I will – when I find myself in situations where I'm in person, sometimes it's a lot harder for me in person to say no to people, because all of my instincts to want to say yes are just it's just harder for me in person.

I mean, it's tough. It's tough to say no to somebody's face. I'll hedge and I'll say, I have promised to myself that I won't commit to things in person until I’ve had a chance to think about it. Then I'll get back to the person over e-mail. Sometimes I'll still say yes, if it's something that I really wanted to do. Sometimes just creating a bit of separation is helpful. You know who you are. If you're like me and you are likely to want to please other people and say yes to them, then you want to have those strategies ready in advance, so that you don't get caught off guard. Because saying yes to something is a really effective way to not do your own priorities.

It's a really effective way to have those someday projects remain someday projects. You’re saying yes to somebody else's project can create – John, my co-author calls them barnacles. They're like barnacles on the hole of your of your ship. They don't go away. Barnacles really just don't go away.

[0:38:42.1] MB: I'm a people pleaser as well. I always have a hard time saying no to people. I love the idea of deferring in person asks to a later time, because that gives you the space to really come back and say no at a later date when you're not face to face with them and feel this pressure obligation to say yes.

[0:39:01.3] JK: Yeah, there's also – this is one of the things we do in the design sprint process is try to construct a situation, where a team can make a really good decision. I'll take a little random tangent for a second into the design sprint process, because I think it's an important one to consider when people are asking you to do things. Whether it's at work, or in your personal life when people ask you to do things, really the reality is that you have many options with how you can spend your time. Even if you work in a very constrained environment, most of us still have some choice about how we spend our effort in the office, at home, wherever it might be.

You've got to, in order to make the best choices about your time, look at all of those options at once. There's many of those options as you can at once. To use the example from the design sprint, what we found was that and I experienced this over and over working on projects at Microsoft and Google, and I learned that this happens inside. I mean, the best startups in the world this happens – this is just human nature.  You consider solutions to problems, usually one at a time.

Somebody comes up with an idea, you start talking about that idea and you say, “Okay, is that viable? Is that idea good enough? A lot of whether we consider the idea is good enough might have to do with when the idea is introduced. Are we ready to act on it now? Who introduced the idea? Do we have any biases about this person? Were they able to effectively give a verbal sales pitch for it, or they've able to effectively put together some kind of a presentation, or a prototype of it that shows the idea?

People have different abilities to do those things. They have different levels of credibility. A lot of times those biases and the timing and all those things will wrongly influence us towards making poor decision. If you can lay all of the possible paths out at once, you make a much better decision. There's been, I think a lot of the studies and a lot of just smart people talking about this, a book I love on this topic is Decisive by Chip and Dan Heath. It's just about making good decisions in work and in life.

One of the key things is you got to consider multiple options at once to make the best choice. If somebody's asking you to do something, if they want you to – maybe you're being asked to take on a project at work, somebody wants you to give a presentation, or they want you to – even somebody wants you to mentor them at work, or somebody wants you to join a team, little things can quickly become these long-term ongoing commitments.

If you can take a step back and get out of that situation and then on your own quiet time have a moment to consider what are all the things, what are the things this competes with? Once I put this on my calendar and I see it on my calendar week after week after week, what does that actually feel like? Then you're in a much better situation to make a wise choice about what's best for you. As it turns out, it is also a lot easier to say no over e-mail.

[0:41:49.8] MB: Let's dig into that a little bit more. I love the idea of creating situations where people can make really good decisions. Tell me more about how to structure those environments and what some of the key factors are.

[0:42:02.6] JK: Yeah, sure. To do that, I'll dive in a little to the design sprint, because ultimately that's what the design sprint became. I mean, it started out for me as a way to – I was working at Google. I had been working on this project that ultimately became Google Hangouts. In the beginnings of that project, we went for so long just going nowhere. We were talking about these ideas. There’s this notion at Google on a 20% project, or at least there used to be. It’s been a long time, but I think it still exists.

You do something in your 20% time. 20% of your time, you could work on any project you wanted and a lot of times cool stuff would come from that. I think that that is originally how Gmail was started, with somebody's 20% project. Google Hangouts was also a 20% project in the early, early days. We could we could not get the project going. We were just working on it an hour here, an hour there. We talk about it, or make some mock-ups on the computer, or do some – little bit of hacking here and there.

It stretched out over a couple of years. Then there was this week where I was together with two other folks who were working on the project, and we were in the Google office in Stockholm and it was in January. If you've ever been to Stockholm in January, you would know that you have no reason to want to go outside. This is really dark and cold and miserable. At any rate, we just stayed inside for a week in this and we basically cleared our schedules for a week, the three of us and we made a prototype of the product and started being able to use it inside Google to do video meetings, and it stuck.

That was this catalyst, like this moment for that project, because it went from being this thing that was just an idea, an interesting idea to being something that people were could tangibly say, “Okay, that's what it would look like,” and it was in customers hands. Our customers in that case were fellow Googlers, but it was so different than what had happened the previous two years.

I thought about all the projects that I had worked on building software up until that point, and how there were these times when almost nothing happened, when you're just in a normal work routine. You’re chipping away and chipping away and chipping away, and sometimes there's churn, you get going one direction, you got to change direction later. What happened in that week was we were focused, we were all just doing the same thing. We weren't bouncing from project A, to project B, to project C. We weren't switching context. We had a deadline, because we knew we were only going to be physically in the same place for a limited amount of time, so we got an amazing amount done.

In the beginning with the design sprint, I just thought if I could recreate those situations where you've got some pressure to get something done, you've got everybody focused on one thing, not dividing their attention, and you have to for some reason create a prototype, make a decision, make forward progress and put this thing in the hands of your customers all in one week, it's actually possible to move that fast if you focus, and if maybe if I come up with the right recipe we could do this again and again.

That's where the design sprint originally came from was that idea, in trying to change the way Google started projects. It ended up being useful outside, to teams outside of Google as well. The thing that happened over time was that process evolved into really trying to figure out how can you help a team work together in the best way, and ultimately how can you help them make the best decision.

I think there's two big parts to making that decision well, and one of them is what I talked about a little bit, which is making sure that you're really considering opinionated, competing, conflicting solutions. You create an environment where it's healthy to have a disagreement. It's usually uncomfortable to disagree with people. If I disagree with someone in person, I find it uncomfortable to have that conversation. If you disagree on paper and you make it anonymous and actually in the sprints, we have every person – we don't do a group brainstorm where people shout out loud, because I found those yield very shallow results. Actually, a number of studies have found this as well if you do a group brainstorm and you compare that to individuals working on their own, the individuals will create better solutions.

That's what happens in the sprint. Every person comes up with their own solution. They write it down in great detail on paper, so everyone is on paper, it's a level playing field and they're anonymous, so I can't tell whose is whose when they go up on the wall. Then you evaluate those solutions on the wall. A big part of it is figuring out which of those solutions do we think is the strongest. Now we've stripped away a lot of biases, we've run a process in the sprint to evaluate them really quickly so that to the degree we can, we mute the recency bias that would happen with talking about the one that we looked at most recently.

Then we have everybody vote for the one they think is the strongest and give their argument for which one, which solution they believe is the strongest. Then the decision-maker, there's one decision-maker who actually chooses. What we've done there is we've allowed the decision-maker to hear an argument from the different experts on her team. The engineering expert makes a pitch for one solution, maybe there's a product expert, or marketing expert who makes a pitch for a different solution, or maybe the same ones. Ultimately, the decision-maker has complete control over which solutions are chosen.

That decision-maker gets to choose two or even three different solutions. You prototype all three of them and then on Friday, you test them with customers. What you've done then is to make the decision even better by saying you don't have to narrow down to just one, you can choose two or three, and we're going to give you data right away. We're going to give you some really quick and dirty data about how people react to using this product.

The sprint effectively is this supercharged decision-making tool. It's very artificial and very different than the way humans normally make decisions in offices, or in teams, which is quite – it's often just by our gut, or by our emotion, or by our hunches. It's a way to really try to perfect those hunches. By really in a calculated, very specific way strip away biases and foster a constructive disagreement.

[0:48:01.1] MB: I love the idea of fostering conflicting opinions in a way that is healthy and it's easy to have those disagreements without the biases and the inherent challenges, that when somebody's pitching an idea verbally.

[0:48:14.5] JK: Yeah, it's an interesting thing that we want to agree with each other in person, a lot of us. Sometimes the people who do really well, they're really effective in leadership positions, it's because they're jerks. They're willing to disagree and they're willing to fight a little bit. I'm sure we've all had people like that in our lives in one way, or another. It can be really effective to disagree, but for many of us it's difficult. For most of us also, those kinds of situations where we're talking to somebody one-on-one, or we’re in a meeting and we have a disagreement are not comfortable.

Also, we're not all equally good at having those kinds of arguments. If you're introverted and you're in a meeting where an extrovert is making a sales pitch for their idea. Arguing down the criticisms about that idea, it can be hard to be effective in that situation. Or just the environment of the office, it favors people who are willing to argue for their opinion and who are also extroverted and are also – have for whatever reason, got this sort of people on the team have an opinion about them that they're – that they know what they're talking about, and they've built respect on the team, one way or another.

That respect is often, it's for a good reason, but sometimes it's not. What I've found is that by really deconstructing what do you want to have happen, well what you want to have happen is you want to allow people to consider multiple approaches. An example of this is we've ran a sprint with Slack. I talk about the story in the book and Slack was considering – they're going to be running a big ad campaign and this was early on in the history of the company, they knew that this ad campaign was a really big deal for them. They didn't know if they were going to have another chance to run a big ad campaign, to have as many new people coming in to Slack as they would at that moment.

For them it was a big moment, because they had had a lot of really fast growth right after the first year that Slack was launched, but it was almost all in tech companies. Tech companies were familiar with different kinds of messaging tools, tech companies had a lot of conversations among – people would talk friends to friends and other companies and say, “Hey, we're using this tool. It's really cool.” The word-of-mouth is really strong for them. They wanted to move beyond – they didn't want to be just a tool for tech companies. they want to move beyond that. In order to do that, they were going to have to reach new customers, this ad campaign was going to be super expensive, but it gave them a chance to have new folks coming in to slack.com saying, “What's this thing all about? I’ve seen a billboard. I've seen a magazine ad, or TV ad. What's this all about?”

They knew it's going to be tough to explain Slack to those folks, because slack is a thing, if you're listening, if you've used Slack at your office, it doesn't really work unless you're using it with your whole team. If your whole team is already using it, then it makes sense what the advantages might be over e-mail. If you're not, if you're just reading about it, it's a little hard to get.

What they decided to do in their sprint, ultimately they chose two competing solutions. You can imagine, first there's a team of six people, or seven people in the room and they each come up with their own solution for how this should be solved. One of those solutions is the CEOs favorite solution, and the CEO is a super smart guy, this guy Stewart Butterfield. He founded Flickr, so you guys might know Flickr, the photo sharing app. Then he also founded Slack and he's got great product sense.

He had this idea that was super clever. Actually his idea was what we're going to do to simulate having the experience of using Slack, is we're going to take a bunch of bots, we're going to program bots to act like they're a team, and you'll get dropped into Slack with these bots and they're going to share files with you and talk about that meeting that we just had and invite you to lunch, just as if this was a real team operating inside Slack. Super smart idea, super ambitious.

That was one of the solutions. Then there's these other competing solutions of the way other people's imagined solving this problem of explaining Slack to these people who have come in after seeing like a magazine ad for it. Their sprint, what they're able to do is not just have a conversation about what's the smartest idea, what's our best hunch, not just have the conversations based on, “Well, Stewart says we should do this, so we should probably do this.” Or try to have a faction of people.

I mean, and I'm just talking about what's happened in my experience. A lot of times, if I disagreed with a leader, I might try to get other people on my side, or try to as a designer make a really nice-looking, high-fidelity design of my solution and propose that as this high-stakes Hail Mary to change course. There's all these weird political things that might happen. Or we might just do what the CEO suggested. I mean, many of those things are possible.

In the sprint, what we try to do is say, “Okay, really quickly we're going to put some detail behind a bunch of competing solutions one from each person, and then we're going to evaluate those without knowing whose is whose, although we can probably guess.” We know the CEO’s favorite idea, like we've talked about that before, so we'll recognize it on the wall.

Then the CEO decides. In this case, what happened is they decided to choose that idea of the team of bots, that really clever idea of having the bots talk to you and simulate what it's like to use Slack. Then somebody had done this really detailed straightforward little speech bubbles that came up and just told you what the key features of Slack were.

You would go into Slack and it would just be these little like, “Here's the channels and you can search through all this history across all of everybody in the company,” things like that. They prototype those two things and they built realistic prototypes of those two. For the prototype of the bot team, they had people in the sprint actually pretending to be bots typing not too intelligent messages to each to test customer who came in. Then they mocked up what the other one would look in a very realistic way, and then showed it to customers as if there were two finished products.

This is all a space of a week, so they've gone from zero to on Friday testing this with customers. It turned out actually that the CEO’s idea was super confusing to people. People who were in that simulation were like, “What is going on? Why is that person I don't really know, or is it a robot or is the computer talking to me? I don't want to go to lunch with a bot.” It just didn't make sense. It was an idea that sounded brilliant on the whiteboard and just did not translate to real life, even though it was a really faithful, realistic simulation of what that solution would look like.

It turned out that the very straightforward, well-written, very detailed idea for those speech bubbles worked great. The messages that person had chosen worked great. Now that's the solution that didn't sound very good and the abstract didn't sound very creative, it didn't sound very unique, wasn't flashy, but it worked really well. It was only through having the chance to put detail behind that disagreement, and not just have a verbal disagreement. It was only through anonymizing the solution, so we didn't know who's this was. Also through having the chance to not commit immediately to one solution, but keep multiple solutions alive that they were able to make what turned out to be the best choice.

That's what in great detail, what that really structured, active and constructive disagreement can look like. It doesn't look like disagreement. I mean, that actually feels a process it feels like a process of elimination. It's a really healthy process. Effectively, it's an argument. It's a really good, really detailed argument and an argument with a great result.

[0:55:51.8] MB: That's a great example, and really showcases why it's so important to create the environments that allow that conversation to happen. I'm curious, for somebody who's listening and wants to concretely implement some of the themes and ideas we've talked about today, what would be a starting point or an action item that you would give them to begin implementing some of the things we've talked about?

[0:56:13.3] JK: Well, the obvious one and this is very self-serving, but both of the books, the new one and sprint. Sprint and Make Time, and you can find both of them on Amazon, or wherever you shop for books, although you have to pre-order Make Time. They're both designed to be very actually actionable, so one thing that I've struggled with in reading books that had interesting ideas over the years is how I put them into practice. Both of those books are almost cookbooks. They're really meant to be DIY guides for doing the things that we think will help.

If you wanted to just take one step towards changing what you were doing in your daily life, or at work, the first step I would recommend people take towards doing a sprint is to do something called a lightning decision jam. This actually didn't come up with this. There's a consulting agency in Berlin called AJ&Smart who have converted their whole business actually to running, they just run design sprints now, and they have an amazing list of clients they work with; Lufthansa and Dita's and Lego, just amazing companies.

One of the things that they developed is this 30-minute, 60-minute process for making a decision. It is a microcosm of the things you would do in a design sprint. If you search for lightning decision jam either on YouTube or on Google, you're going to come up with a post, or this video about how to do it. It's quite easy to do. It's so much better than the way most meetings are typically run. It's just a very simple recipe for a meeting. That's a great way to start with your way towards running a design sprint at the office, just introduces those ideas.

Then the thing I would suggest for people who are interested in the Make Time idea and maybe you're waiting. The book comes out September 25th, so if you're listening before then, then book is not out yet. How it recommends trying a couple things. First one is to think about what is your distraction kryptonite, what's the one thing for you that just gets you? For me, it's e-mail, for some people it's Facebook, for some people it might be Instagram, could be Twitter, it could be all kinds of different things, maybe Snapchat, maybe it's the news. What's just the one thing? You don't have to change your life. What's the one thing that you feel like when you look at it, you feel regret, when you look at it on your phone maybe, you feel regret, you feel like you didn't spend that time well, and delete it and go without it for 24 hours, or go without it for a week.

Make a decision about how long you're going to go without it and delete the app, log off, maybe even if you're feeling really bad about it, delete your account, but you can make a choice to go away from it for a day, or a week and see what happens to your head. I think that's a powerful thing. That's been really powerful for me.

The other thing I'd suggest is just today, think about what's the one most important thing I'm going to do today, write it down on a piece of paper, put it on your desk, or if it's on a sticky note, stick it to your phone, or something and try to do that one thing by the end of the day and see how that feels. If that feels good, do it again tomorrow. I think those simple little kinds of changes like that can have a profound difference. 

One of the philosophies that runs through all of the work I've done and the experiments I've run on myself and on these unwitting companies that had to come in and do design sprints on with me, is that we're actually often quite close to things working beautifully. We're often quite close to a situation where we can do the projects we want to do, be present with people who we want to be present with, make time for the things that matter the most to us. It's often a small shift that will get you there. It may not have to transform your life. It might be a really small thing that gets you on that path. Yeah, give that a shot.

[0:59:54.1] MB: Where can listeners find you and your work online?

[0:59:57.6] JK: You can find me at jakeknapp.com and despite all my talk about distraction, I am on Twitter @JK. The Make Time book is available at maketimebook.com and you can find more about sprint on the sprintbook.com.

[1:00:14.6] MB: Well, Jake. Thank you so much for coming on the show sharing all this knowledge. Obviously you have a tremendous amount of experience creating and cultivating these environments where people can be more productive and effective. Thank you so much for sharing all that wisdom with us.

[1:00:28.4] JK: My pleasure. Thanks for having me on and for listening to me ramble. I appreciate it. It's a lot of fun.

[1:00:33.9] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


May 10, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
CarolineWebb-01 (2).png

Using Science to Create the Perfect Day with Caroline Webb

April 19, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode, we look at how to use insights from behavioral science to improve your life. We look at what it means to have a “good day” and figure out how to reverse engineer more good days, by examining decision making, the power of rest and recovery, intention setting, setting boundaries, and much more with our guest Caroline Webb. 

Caroline Webb is CEO of Sevenshift, a firm that uses insights from behavioral science to improve their client’s working lives. She was previously a partner at McKinsey consulting and is the best selling author of How To Have A Good Day, which has been published in 16 languages in more than 60 countries. Her work has been featured in Inc., Forbes, Fortune, and much more.

  • What does it mean to have a good day? What does that have to do with the science of improving your life?

  • What is a bad day? what is a good day?

  • 3 Core things about having a good day

  • Working on your priorities

    1. Feeling that you’re producing great work

    2. Can it be repeated?

  • What is the science behind what actually allows people and organizations to change?

  • The two system brain - there are two systems that interact in the brain, as Kahneman called them System 1 and System 2. 

  • “System 2” - the slow system, our conscious experience, deliberate thinking mind, but it moves slowly and can only process information slowly and clunkily 

    1. “System 1” - the automatic system - our subconscious mind, immense processing power, but it often takes shortcuts 

  • How do we create the conditions for our deliberate system to be as successful as possible?

  • Breaks are not for wimps, breaks are crucial opportunities to reboot your deliberate system and improve your thinking and decision-making

  • Frequent, short breaks enormously enhance your mental ability 

  • Short cardio activity will boost your focus and mood materially

  • When we are resting, we encode and consolidate information - and often create new insight

  • When you “single task” you work about 30% faster than someone who is multi-tasking - every time your attention switches, there is a cost in time and processing power

  • Why saying "ABCDEFG 1234567” is so much easier than saying "A1, B2, C3, D4, E5, F6, G7”

  • What’s the most important thing you’re doing today and how can you get yourself to single task on that?

  • Willpower is not the way to create big changes in your life, it's about changing your environment

  • Switching your phone to monochrome to help make it less attractive 

  • Nudges vs Sludges - how to shift your environment to create behavioral change

  • The currency of our lives is attention

  • Your brain is constantly filtering out a huge amount of information - and whatever is top of mind for you filter your reality

  • The hard science of setting your intentions - set what attitude you want to have, what your aim is, what your assumptions are, etc - setting intentions can have a material impact on your behavior

  • Defensive mode vs discovery mode - and what happens when we get put into a “fight or flight” response

  • The best strategies for rapidly getting out of the defensive mode.

  • Distancing - put yourself at some distance from the situation. Tells the brain that the threat is further away.

  • “What will I think about this when I look back in a year’s time?”

    1. “What would I tell a friend if they were in this situation?”

    2. ‘What would my wisest friend/mentor say in this situation?”

  • Labeling - label how you are feeling. By labeling the emotion you are experiencing you tell the brain that “the threat has been acknowledged”

  • Re-appraisal - a powerful technique that has longer lasting effects - trains you to think flexibly about alternative explanations. 

  • What are the facts of what’s happened?

    1. What am I assuming?

    2. What would be an alternative explanation?

  • This isn’t “The Secret” - there is a lot of science around how you can be more productive and effective

  • The importance of being proactive vs being reactive 

  • How do you set boundaries without ruining your relationships? How do you say no in an elegant and graceful way?

  • “The Positive No” - the scientific way to say no, politely

  • Don’t start with “sorry”

    1. Start with something that keeps the other person out of discovery mode - appreciate them in some way “I really appreciate you inviting me”, etc 

    2. Then go into what you’re saying YES to “I’ve got an exciting project on my plate that I need to complete by the end of XYZ that will have a huge impact”

    3. As a result, I’m having to make some tough choices about how I spend my time, and I can’t come to the meeting, I’m sorry

    4. End with warmth and wish them well

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

SkillShare.png

This weeks episode is brought to you by our partners at Skillshare!

For a limited time, Skillshare is offering our listeners TWO MONTHS OF UNLIMITED CLASSES for only $0.99! That's UNLIMITED classes for two months for only $0.99. Go to www.skillshare.com/success to redeem this incredible offer NOW!

Skillshare is an online learning platform with over 18,000 classes in design, business, technology, and more. Whether you’re trying to deepen your professional skill-set, start a side hustle, or just explore something new, Skillshare will keep you learning in 2018 and beyond.

Again, Skillshare is offering our listeners the incredible deal of two whole months of UNLIMITED classes for only $0.99 so get out there and start learning at www.skillshare.com/success

SHOW NOTES, LINKS, & RESEARCH

  • [Book] Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman

  • [SoS Episode] How You Can Hack Your Creativity, Productivity, and Mood Using Your Environment with Benjamin Hardy

  • [Website] Inbox When Ready

  • [Book] How to Have a Good Day: Harness the Power of Behavioral Science to Transform Your Working Life by Caroline Webb

  • [Book] Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein

  • [App] Moment

  • [SoS Episode] The Secret That Silicon Valley Giants Don’t Want You To Know with Dr. Adam Alter

  • [SoS Episode] The Reality of Perception

  • [Website] The Invisible Gorilla

  • [SoS Episode] Four Questions That Will Change Your World - An Exploration of “The Work” with Byron Katie

  • [Personal Site] Caroline Webb

Episode Transcript


[00:00:06.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than a million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries.

In this episode, we look at how to use insights from behavioral science to improve your life. We examine what it means to have a good day and figure out how to reverse engineer more good days by examining decision-making, the power of rest, recovery and breaks, intention setting, boundaries and much more with our guest, Caroline Webb.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should join our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the home page. There's some amazing stuff that's only available to our e-mail subscribers, so be sure to sign up and join the e-mail list today.

First, you're going to get an awesome free guide that we created based on listener demand. This is our most popular guide and it's called how to organize and remember everything, which you can get completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide. You got to sign up to find out by joining the e-mail list today.

Next, you're going to get a curated weekly e-mail from us every week called a Mindset Monday. Our listeners have been absolutely loving this e-mail; it's short, it's simple, it's filled with articles, videos, stories, things we found interesting or fascinating in the last week. Lastly, you're going to get exclusive content and a chance to shape the show.

You can help us vote on guests, you can help us change our intro music and much more, you can even submit your own questions to upcoming guests, you also have access to exclusive giveaways that only people who are on the e-mail list get access to and much, much more. Be sure to sign up and join the e-mail list. There's some incredible stuff, but only subscribers who are on the e-mail list are getting access to this awesome information.

In our previous episode, we learned the memory tactics and strategies of an international grandmaster of memory. We looked at why there is no such thing as a bad memory or a good memory, only bad memory strategies and good memory strategies. In real-time, we built a memory palace that you can use to memorize and effortlessly recall the 10 emotions of power. We went deep into a system for organizing and remembering huge chunks of information and much more with our guest, Kevin Horsley. If you want to learn how you can use the tactics of a memory grandmaster to improve your own memory, listen to that episode.

Now for the show.

[0:02:49.7] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show, Caroline Webb. Caroline is the CEO of Sevenshift, a firm that uses insights from behavioral science to improve their clients’ working lives. She's previously a partner at McKinsey Consulting and is the best-selling author of how to have a good day, which has been published in 16 languages in more than 60 countries. Her work has been featured in Inc., Forbes, Fortune and much more.

Caroline, welcome to the Science of Success.

[0:03:15.1] CW: Hi Matt. I'm delighted to be here.

[0:03:16.6] MB: We're super excited to have you on the show today. I'd love to start out with at a high level. Tell me a little bit about what does it mean to have a good day?

[0:03:25.6] CW: Yeah. It's an audacious title for a book, isn't it? Because it does suggest that I have a strong perspective on what a good day is. The truth is of course everyone's a little bit different. For many years at McKinsey, their consulting firm, I was doing organizational change work and at the beginning of every single project, and that meant working across an enormous number of organizations, I would always ask people in interviews what is a good day for you and what is a bad day and what would it take to get more good days?

Over the years, the number of data points that just started to come together really struck me that there were three big themes. There was something around feeling that your time was spent on the right things and that was something about priorities, it was something about productivity and going after those priorities.

There was something about feeling great about knocking the ball out of the park on whatever it was that you were doing, and of course sometimes that's about having brilliant conversations and really having perfect interactions with everybody you meet. Sometimes it's about just being brilliant in the way that you express yourself and the influence that you have and sometimes it's about being brilliant in the quality of the thinking that you do.

Then there's always something about the extent to which it feels like it's something that people can repeat at the end of the day. You get to the end the day, are you exhausted, or do you feel you've got some energy, do you feel you've been able to be resilient to the ups and downs, has there been some enjoyments and pleasure, even some laughter?

I think those were the pillars that just came up again and again with people at beginning of their career, late in their career and all sorts of different cultures. That's what I wanted to write a book about; what's the science that tells us how to do all of those things?

[0:05:03.2] MB: I think that's a great point, because you talked – when you hear have a good day, it sounds a bit fluffy. Obviously, the book and your work is a lot more rooted in science and data than that. Tell me a little bit more about the scientific research behind a lot of the work that you talk about in the book?

[0:05:20.9] CW: Well, I had a first career as an economist, which was a very technical role. I took that interest in an evidence-based approach to as it was then – I was making public policy. I was a public policy economist. I took that interest in always being grounded in what the evidence says, really through every part of my career.

After about a decade working as an economist, I went into consulting, because I was interested in getting a little bit closer to the human side of what economics, it always been appealing to me about, and interested in the sense of what is it that really enables people to change and  what is it that allows an organization to move its culture in a more positive direction and so on?

I did some additional training in psychology and neuroscience as it became obvious to me that economics really wasn't the whole story when it comes to behavioral science. What I noticed was that when I was working with people on changing their team's behavior, their company’s culture, there was a lot of skepticism about well people coming in and waving their arms around the saying you should behave differently, as you can imagine.

What I noticed was that people were way more willing to explore new ways of behaving if they understood what the science was behind it. I started to understand that really quite a small amount of understanding of how our brains work, why we think and feel and behave the way we do actually made a dramatic difference to people's willingness and ability to make changes in their lives.

That just became really central to my style over 12 years as a management consultant, that I would always start with the science of what we were trying to do. Of course, then very quickly moved to the practical implications of that. I always found that smart people need a clear sense of the why, as well as the how in deciding what they're going to shift in the way they operate. That blend of science and practice has been so central to my practice now for a really long time.

[0:07:18.9] MB: Let's dig into some of the scientific components of having a good day and living a productive life. One of the core ideas that you talk about is this notion of the two system brain can you tell me a little bit more about that.

[0:07:30.8] CW: Well, that's something that exists in just about every strain of behavioral science. You probably, if you've read down in comments, thinking fast and slow you'll notice the slow and the fastest system two and system one in that order. We have this understanding now over many decades of research, that there are two systems that interact in our brains. One is that it – one is the one that takes care of everything we do consciously.

It's responsible for reasoning, for self-control, for planning. It's the thing that we think of as ourselves, because it's what we're conscious of. That is known as system two and that is the slow system and it has its limitations; it's what makes us feel as if we're intelligent human sentient human beings.

It's also got limitations in the amount of information it can process and the extent to which it can process multiple activities at once. We're very lucky to have this other system, which is the automatic system, which takes care of everything on autopilot and filters out a ton of information that the deliberate system would find overwhelming to process.

It's the interaction of these two systems that really makes us the amazing human beings that we are. A lot of the time when we're working from day-to-day when we're going through our lives, we're not really all that conscious of the fact that our automatic system is taking shortcuts all the time. Sometimes doing some dumb stuff, it's what makes us when we are feeling stressed, it's what makes us blurt out silly things, it's what makes us perhaps fall prey to fallacies and scams.

It's always taking the easy answer rather than the right answer. Thank goodness, because we don't want to overthink absolutely everything but it does trip us up. It really helps to understand how we create the conditions for our deliberate system to be at its best from day-to-day, not to get too tired, not to get too overloaded, and recognize the limitations of the automatic system so that we can make good choices and not do dumb things.

[0:09:37.0] MB: I think that's so important and in many ways comes back to the the evolution of the brain and the physical limitations of our mental hardware. The subconscious mind has so much processing power, but yet, it falls prey to all these shortcuts, which really manifest themselves in cognitive biases and misperceptions and improper reactions.

[0:10:00.5] CW: Yeah, exactly. I think one of the simplest things that we can do to get the best out of ourselves from day-to-day is to recognize that if we tire out our deliberate system, then our automatic system will kick in and it just doesn't make the choices that are always right. If you are making a big decision about where to invest, I don't know, where to open your next branch, or where to make a big new investment, you want to think about all the different options, you want to weigh out your pros and cons and you want to be thoughtful about making sure that you're not just jumping to conclusions.

The thing is that if you saw an Italian colleague this morning, it might just plant subconsciously the idea that investing in Italy is a fantastic idea, which it might be, but that's an example of the  shortcut that your brain might take that isn't necessarily something you're conscious of, but that might lead you in a direction that isn't quite right.

On the other hand, if you see an Italian colleague and you are organizing over where to take your client to lunch; fine, it's great if it then leads you to decide to go for an Italian restaurant. I mean, that's not a big deal. It's quite useful to have our automatic system taking shortcuts for the small everyday stuff. We just need to be aware that when we are making bigger and more important decisions, we should slow down and make sure that we're considering multiple options.

[0:11:20.0]  MB: How do we take that, sort of the distinction between system one and system two and what are the practical implications for that from the way we should be shaping our behavior?

[0:11:30.7] CW: Yeah. Well, I think being super kind to your deliberate system by thinking about the fact that the longer we go without taking a break, more exhausted it is and the worse our decisions are, there’s fascinating range of studies from buying a suit, question of whether you wash your hands if you're a hospital worker. People make poor choices, poor decisions the longer it is since they've taken a break, because their deliberate system is tired.

I think one of the biggest shifts that I've seen my life and I've seen in colleagues lives is to understand that breaks are not for wimps. Breaks are actually crucial reboot opportunities for your deliberate system. If you don't take that time, you are going to find that your thinking is less sharp. You won't be aware of it necessarily, but you will be making poor choices. It doesn't have to be a long break. The evidence is pretty clear, that actually pretty short breaks and pretty frequent short breaks will give you an enormously enhanced ability to make good choices throughout the day.

You think about the length of the average meeting and how long we go before really taking a break, we might go from one thing to the next, to the next, to the next, and we often don't give ourselves the chance to step back and reflect. If there were one thing, I would say is helpful in giving our deliberate system the situation it needs to be at its best, I would say to take more breaks.

The other is of course, as you will probably know is to do more single tasking, and not to overload our brain with requests, because we know that the deliberate system can actually only do one thing at a time, much as we think that we can do multiple things in parallel.

[0:13:08.5] MB: I want to get into multitasking, but before we dive down that rabbit hole, tell me a little bit more about what are these breaks, or what should these breaks look like, how long should they be and what should we do during the breaks?

[0:13:20.6] CW: Well, everyone's a little bit different. Research suggests that if you are in a situation where you can't actually get up physically and go for a walk, there is a huge benefit to some physical activity in terms of boosting your focus and your mood very quickly if you have an ability to get a moderate amount of cardiovascular activity. That means just going for a brisk walk for 10 minutes.

If you can't do that, in fact if you're rooted say at your desk and you can't actually physically get up, what's been interesting in the research is that it helps to shift task to something different, and that when you return to the original task, then there's just enough refreshment in your brain that you're able to come to what you were looking at before with some fresh insight.

Some of that is about resting the brain, but some of it is also about what goes on in the so-called resting brain, which is that we continue to encode and consolidate information that we've previously been exposed to, when we are supposedly stepping away and not doing anything with it.

That's why  when you do step away and come back, there's not just perhaps a little bit of extra energy and more cognitive ability, more focus, but often new insight, because your brain has been processing the information in the background and doing interesting things with it. I would encourage people to think about how to, you know if they're in the middle of a writing task, maybe think about doing something visual, or vice versa, or if they're sinking into the depths of Excel to maybe  take out a piece of paper and do a little bit of freehand writing about their next big project. This refreshment has been shown to be pretty helpful when we're trying to have a breakthrough into what we’re doing.

[0:15:04.6] MB: That's such an important concept. I think there's a some neuroscience literature around the phrase creative incubation, which we described as similar or the same phenomenon, which is that idea that if you're struggling with something and you step away for 10 minutes, or an hour, or even longer and then you come back, you almost immediately often figure out what was causing you to struggle with it.

[0:15:25.2] CW: Yeah, and we know that overnight when you – the idea of sleeping is also something, and then you suddenly see the way forward the next day. Studies have shown that even a two or three-minute incubation period can be enough to come back with fresh insight. Again, as I say, it's the fact that you were obviously soaking in a bunch of information, you step away from it and your brain doesn't stop thinking about it. It's subconsciously and the automatic system is doing some interesting processing. If you think about what insight is, it's connecting existing information in new ways. It's allowing you to see a new way forward, because you're connecting the dots in a different way.

That background processing is exactly what you need quite often to solve things where there isn't an obvious linear way forward. Yeah, just taking – if you do nothing else, getting up and stretching for two minutes and then coming back, I mean, frankly just going to the restroom can be enough to come back and then suddenly see a new way forward.

Yeah. I know lots and lots of people who don't really give themselves those breaks during the day, and it would be one very simple thing that people could do to boost their productivity and their insight.

[0:16:32.1] MB: What about longer planned periods of downtime and recovery? The notion of  working an 80-hour a week, versus working a 50 or 60-hour week and what's the productivity difference between those two strategies?

[0:16:48.3] CW: That’s a good question. I'm speaking as someone who worked in consulting, which is famous for long hours, but had entirely average normal person stamina. I can tell you that it turned out to be pretty possible to do 80 hours work, what was supposed to be 80 hours work in 50 hours work if you were very, very clear about your boundaries. I had to actually  work shorter hours than the people around me.

I just didn't have the physical stamina to run short of sleep. That speaks to me quite personally that question. There's certainly obviously industries where there is an expectation that you're always on, because perhaps you're in client service and it's always the client first, whenever the client wants something you have to jump.

The evidence is clear that once you get beyond – Well, there are lots of different studies that paint different points. There's definitely evidence to suggest that after you've worked eight hours that your productivity starts to decline in a day. Everyone is again and as I said before a little bit different, but I think recognizing that if you are really strict about the boundaries that you set during the day, the chances are you can probably reduce the amount of time that you're spending in a day. I mean, just the fact that single tasking means that you are working on average about 30%  faster than multitasking is going to give you back a bunch of time in the day, for example.

[0:18:15.9] MB: Let's dig into that a little bit. Tell me more about single-tasking and whether or not it's possible to multitask?

[0:18:24.7] CW: Yeah. The brain has a single attentional bottleneck, which means that when we're doing things that require conscious attention and we're doing them in parallel, we think that we're actually processing in parallel, but actually we're asking our brain to switch attention from one thing to the other and then back again and then back again and back again.

In each of these tiny switches, which are so small we don't really notice them, but if each of these switches we are losing a little bit of time and mental energy. I sometimes demonstrate this by getting people to say 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and then to say ABCDEFG as fast as they can. Then to mix them up, so you say A1, B2, C3 and so on.

If you're trying this at home, what you'll notice is first of all, it suddenly becomes very hard to get through the combination. It should take about the same amount of time put together as when you do less as a number separately, but the cost of switching from one to the other is so great that what you experience directly by trying that is more or less what's been found in the laboratory, which is that  when we try to do two things at once and that's not counting trying to do three things at once or four things at once, if you've got Slack open while you're on a conference call, then you're e-mailing at the same time.

You've got you've got a hit, which is really dramatic; you make between two and four times as many errors and you slow yourself down by about 30%. That's on simple tasks. There's also interesting studies that look at the quality of decisions, that you can make when you are constantly being interrupted. Yes by and large we make poorer decisions when we're interrupted, and we get more stressed when we are trying to multitask. It's much harder to be creative and so on.

Studies just pile up on this, and it is all because your poor deliberate system can only actually do one thing at a time. I think sometimes we think we can, because the automatic system can do multiple things at once. Something really doesn't require any conscious attention, then you can do it in parallel, which is why you can maybe check your e-mail while you're brushing your teeth. I mean, obviously not that anyone does that, right?

[0:20:39.4] MB: That's a great example. I just tried to do the ABC exercise in my head. After about C3, I basically started –

[0:20:47.6] CW: Yeah, you lose the will.

[0:20:48.6] MB: Yeah, melting down. That’s a really concise way of looking at the fact that doing the single task is much more effective.

[0:20:57.8] CW: Yeah. The thing is it's hard, because we like to have little signs that we wanted and needed by the rest of the world. Actually a little ping, a little buzz here and there is quite exciting and people who are listening to this probably have seen lots of evidence on the fact that one of the reasons that we find our smart phones so addictive is because you don't know when the next exciting thing is going to come. That novelty and uncertainty is actually a very powerful seductive combination.

What can we do? We can be way more deliberate about figuring out what's the most important thing that I'm doing today and how do I get myself to single-task on that, knowing that I'll be faster and smarter when I'm doing that?

I think, a lot of people think that they just should leave that to willpower. I think the evidence on personal change is really leaning against willpower, being the right way to do to make big things happen in your life, I think it's about changing the environment around you to make it easier, to make the choices you say you want to make. That means turning off notifications, that means figuring out how to block out ambient noise, if you are in an open plan office, which most of us are.

I'm also very much trying to use tech to try and fight tech as it were. I use stay focused, which is a an extension that blocks my access to well, whatever site I decide. It manages my time on social media. I use my phone settings to make sure that I can switch my phone to monochrome very easily, which makes it so much less exciting to pick up the phone. I use something called Inbox When Ready, which means that I don't get to see my inbox unless I really, really choose to. Tiny little things like this start to make it a lot easier to actually create the focus, the single-tasking time when you need it.

[0:22:52.9] MB: That's really, really interesting. What's the app that you use to switch your phone to monochrome?

[0:22:57.5] CW: It's buried. Whether you've got an Android or an iPhone, it's actually – it exists, the accessibility shortcut’s buried in your phone's DNA. It's obviously deep in the settings. You want to look for accessibility shortcuts. On the iPhone, there is something that you can set your phone to do when you press the home button three times, and you have various different options that you can choose.

One of them is to change the color. One of the color options is to make it monochrome. Why not, right? I mean, that's not to say that you wouldn't want it to be in full color for  a lot of stuff you're doing, but if you just want to stop that grazing behavior and make it just a little bit less delightful to pick up the phone, then it's a little thing, little nudge that pushes you in the right direction.

[0:23:52.2]  MB: We touched on this briefly in the pre-show discussion, but tell me about, you know I think many listeners might be familiar with the idea of nudges, but tell me about a sludge as you described it.

[0:24:03.6] CW: Yeah. Well, nudge is a term that was popularized by the marvelous Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler in their book Nudge, which laid out the concept of understanding the biases that we have, recognizing that our automatic system always wants to do what's easiest, and recognizing that it's a certain behavior that we want to create in ourselves or in others that making it easy for someone to do that thing is always going to make it more likely that we do it.

If you want to drink more water, pour water within reach and move the soda a little further away and so on. These are nudges, because they don't make you do something. They just make it easier for you to do the right thing.

Quite recently, I mean, I would say in the last few months, I've seen this term sludge be used, which makes me smile. Where it's being used is to describe things that make it harder for you to do the wrong thing. If nudges make it easier for you to do the right thing, then sludges make it harder for you to do the wrong thing.

Sludge of course, can be used in very negative and naughty ways, like if you're trying to unsubscribe from a website, you might be put through multiple steps to make it harder for you to see it through. I mean, that is a nefarious use of sludge. We can use sludges in our own working lives as well. That Inbox When Ready example is a really good example of it. The very fact of just simply having to click an extra button to see my inbox so that I’m not mindlessly grazing my e-mail, it's barely there as an intervention. It's just a tiny thing that makes it a bit harder to look at my inbox when I'm actually trying to batch my e-mail processing.

I love these things, because then it stopped you from checking your e-mail if you really need to, but it just makes it that tiny bit harder to do the thing that you said you don't want to do, and that's sludge.

[0:25:58.5] MB: That's fascinating. I think we had a previous interview a couple weeks ago with Adam Alter, where we went really deep in the phone addiction and how dangerous it is. After that interview, I installed the moment app on my phone, which and it doesn't really do anything other than just track how much screen time you spend every day. Even after conscious awareness has helped me reduce the amount of time I spend on my phone.

[0:26:20.1] CW: That's fantastic. Adam is such a great thinker in this field. I think we're all experimenting with this wildly. We need to right now, because we are in an environment where we're bombarding ourselves with more information than we've ever dealt with before. You've probably heard the term that Clay Shirky popularized a while back, which was filter failure.

His argument was that there are advances information technology throughout human history, and what happens is that after a certain point we see more information, so when books were invented and then when the printing press was invented and so on, each of these advances in technology resulted in a massive increase in the amount of information available to the average person.

Initially, people just felt completely overwhelmed. Then it turns out that it's possible to think about, well how do you filter out the information that you don't need? There's definitely a sense that I'm feeling that finally people are starting to think about the fact that they shouldn't be trying to consume all the information. It just makes us feel miserable and stressed and makes us less able to think clearly. Now to think more intelligently about when is it that I engage with the information stream and how do I make sure that I really do focus my intense engagement at those times, and how do I filter out what I really don't need to see in here?

I think we're all figuring this out, some of us faster than others. It's definitely one of those areas where if I'm talking to clients, or giving a talk about this topic, I am not holier than now. This is something I'm working on myself every single day.

[0:27:59.6] MB: You're probably listening to the show because you want to master new skills and abilities, so that you can live a rich and rewarding life. That's why I'm excited to tell you once again about our loyal and amazing sponsor Skillshare. Skillshare is an online learning community with over 16,000 classes in design, business and more. 

You can learn everything from logo design, to social media marketing, to street photography, and you get unlimited access to all of these classes for a single low monthly price, so you never have to pay per class again.

They have some awesome courses on there that I personally love everything from mastering Evernote, to mind-mapping, to learning how to draw, or if you want to get a leg up on graphic design, social media even your culinary knife skills, be sure to check out Skillshare.

Skillshare is offering something incredible to our listeners; two months for just 99 cents. You can get that by going to skillshare.com/success. That’s skillshare.com/success for two months of courses for just 99 cents. Be sure to check that out.

[0:29:06.4] MB: When we were talking about priorities, or when we were talking about single tasking you  touched on the idea that single tasking on your key priorities is really essential. I want to back up the conversation and come back to that idea, because I think that's really important and I know you've written and talked a lot about how and why we should set priorities.

[0:29:26.1] CW: Well, the currency of our lives, if you like, is attention. It's where do we put our attention? Where do we choose to direct our focus? I mean, what else do we have? You can say it's time. I mean, certainly. There's a question of time, but we all know that we can spend time just gazing into space. The question is where you where do you want to put your attention?

I think that most of us are a little bit mindless about that. We might be in jobs where we are  working very hard and we've got a bunch of stuff that's incoming all the time and a long to-do list. A lot of the time, we're not that proactive in thinking ahead about, okay, well what really matters most here and where do I really want to put my attention?

Actually, the most basic level, there is a question about what you want to notice, because the deliberate system of the brain can only take in a certain amount of information at once, and there are trillions of pieces of data around us any given time. We can't perceive it all. We simply can't, and we don't know what we don't know, but what's happening is that our brain is constantly making choices about what deserves our conscious attention.

The automatic system is filtering out a ton of stuff. That's one of its roles is to lighten the load on the deliberate system of the brain, so that we can get things done and we don't have our brains crash like overloaded computers. The thing is that there's a bit of a rule on how brain decides what's important enough for us to see consciously, and what's not important that should be just filtered out as spam that we're not noticing. It basically goes like this, whatever you have top of mind, will tell your brain that you should see or hear things that are relevant to that, and then everything else is filtered.

We know that in a way, if you buy a new car, you see all the cars on the road that are the same model. I bought some Nike sneakers for the first time a couple of years ago, and I don't know why I never bought a Nike sneakers before, but I hadn't. I was in the Flatiron store in New York despite my accent, that's where I live.

I came out of the store and I was super excited about my new Nike sneakers. They were so comfortable. Then I suddenly noticed that half of New York was wearing Nike sneakers, which I've never seen before and it was probably unlikely that they just bought the sneakers. It was just that I hadn't noticed before, because Nike sneakers weren't top of mind for me.

That's what's going on all the time. If we go into a conversation then and we have something top of mind, we're going to see things that confirm and/or match our state of mind. There was a study that was done where people signed up for a psychology experiment and they were all given a test to take. Half of the people were put in a slightly bad mood by being told randomly that they had they'd failed the test. It wasn't a big deal, but it was enough to take you off just very slightly.

Then everybody was given a neutral description of an individual, and they had to tell the researchers how likeable this person was. Because there were some people who were totally fine, they went and looked at this description of the individual. They thought this person was perfectly likeable.

Then the others who were in a slightly bad mood, because they were in a bad mood perceived this person as less likeable and that's how subtle this effect is, that what is top of mind for us as we go into a situation will determine what we see. If we go into a conversation expecting someone to be a jerk, we will notice everything that confirms we're right. That's what confirmation bias is.

At the very basic level, being more deliberate about what really matters to us as we go into a conversation actually dramatically shapes the way we experience reality. I'm not saying that the person you're going to talk to isn't a bit of a jerk to be clear, but if you go into the conversation and you're focused on your negative expectations, you are likely to see what confirms that. If you go into a conversation and you said, “Okay, this person's a bit of a jerk, but I'm really looking for signs of possible collaboration here.” Magically, you are more likely to see that, because you've told your brain that that's one of the things that's relevant enough for you to see rather than to filter out.

You are entirely capable of missing things that and filtering out things that don't seem relevant or on point. This really matters and it can really shape the way you experience every conversation and every day.

[0:33:51.1] MB: I think it's such a great point and I mean, it’s something that's experimentally been shown many, many different times. I'm sure  people had experiences in their own life, where their perceptions or their filters have shaped what they perceive to be true.

[0:34:06.9] CW: Yeah. Do you know, everybody knows the classic study that kicked off this whole field of research in selective attention, the one that Chris Shibori and Dan Simon's did with the gorilla, where you have eight students playing basketball and the audience is told to watch the passes made between the four players wearing white t-shirts. Then halfway through the game, a woman in a gorilla suit comes on and starts beating her chest and she stands in the middle of the frame and then walks off.

Then when you ask people, did you see anything strange after you’d had some – how many passes were there between the people in white t-shirts? Only half the people will see the gorilla, because that wasn't what was top of mind for them. You see this playing out in so many different studies since then, which often use gorillas as an homage to the original gorilla, to show what it is that we're capable of filtering out.

There's one thing that I do every day, it’s decide what my intentions are at the beginning of the day. What do I really want to focus on? If there's one thing I do before I'm going onstage, or before I'm running a workshop, or before I'm coaching a client. It's to say, “Okay, what do I really want to pay attention to here, knowing that if I don't and if I'm not deliberate about that I might miss stuff that really matters, just because it's not top of mind for me.”

[0:35:25.7] MB: The practical application of this idea is that we should try and use this natural feature of the brain’s hardware to our advantage by priming and thinking about the right things.

[0:35:38.6] CW: Yeah, absolutely. That we've all heard this new-agey term of being intentional. Well, there is actually this hard science that sits behind it, which is to say if you are deliberate about setting your intentions before you go into a conversation, you decide what you want to have top of mind. What's your aim, what attitude do you want to have as you go into this? If you've got negative assumptions, can you check them? There might be a reason why they're not true just today.

You are going to shape where your attention goes and some of you might have notice there's a bit of alliteration there, aim, attitude, assumptions, attention, and that's because it helps me remember before I'm going into something important, that actually I want to check my aim, my attitude, my assumptions, knowing it's going to direct my attention.

If I do nothing else, then I say, “Okay, what do I most want to notice?” I just ask myself the attention question. That really helps if you're going to a meeting, say that you're not really looking forward to, if you're in a bad mood, you're going to see everything that confirms that you're right to think it's a bad meeting. If you check yourself before and say, “Okay, my aim here really is to help this be a good meeting,” then you're going to see opportunities to actually improve the quality of the conversation that you might have missed otherwise.

[0:36:49.4] MB: I want to zoom out a little bit and talk about a related concept that you've shared. Tell me how this weaves in with the idea of being in a defensive mode, versus being in the discovery mode.

[0:37:01.5] CW: Yeah, we talked about the two systems of the brain; deliberate system, automatic system. This is a double-click on the automatic system. We've talked about the fact that the automatic system does a lot of really helpful things for us. One is obviously filtering out things that are irrelevant and helping us make quick decisions when a quick decision is a good thing.

Another thing that the automatic system does is keeps us safe. If it perceives a threat in the environment, it launches a defensive response. Obviously, historically there is threats of often mean physical threats to our safety. The classic example is the saber-toothed tiger bouncing towards you on the savanna.

Brain is constantly scanning automatically for not just physical threats, but also threats to our sense of self-worth and our sense of social standing. It doesn't have to be a physical threat. It can be a threat to our sense of competence, our sense of autonomy, our sense of purpose, our sense of fairness, inclusion, respect, all these more existential things.

If any of those are under threat, the brain does perceive it as a threat and launches a defensive response. That is sometimes known as the fight-or-flight response. In fact, research shows there's also a third response which is to freeze. In doing that, it takes a certain amount of mental energy to launch this defensive response. What you see is that when someone is under pressure in a negative way, if you put them in a brain scanner and you show them even mildly upsetting images, enough to make them feel that there's potentially a bit of a threat to the subconscious level, then what you see is there's less activity in their prefrontal cortex, because the brain is directing mental energy to more basic functions.

The prefrontal cortex as you will probably know is where reasoning, self-control and planning and so forth sit. In other words, what happens is there's less activity in the part of the brain that's sophisticated and thoughtful, which means in even plainer language that when you feel at all threatened or undermined, you become dumber, which is a real shame, because it's often at the moment that you need to step up, and that's why  we might do stupid things when we are under pressure, or feeling that our competence we're out of our depth, or that we are feeling that our toes are being trodden on.

Understanding that that's what happens to us when we're in defensive mode and understanding that actually that's mostly what's causing most bad behavior that you might encounter in anyone else, it's super helpful. I mean, first of all it makes you feel it restores a tiny bit of faith in human nature to know that most bad behavior is because of someone's brain being somewhat on the defensive.

Also, the more that you can tune in to what defensive mode looks in yourself then the more likely you are to be able to get yourself out of defensive mode and to get yourself thinking clearly in difficult situations. I spend a lot of time with people helping them tune into what does this look in me when I'm on the defensive and what does it take – there is a ton of interesting techniques you can use to reduce the defensiveness and then allow you to essentially bring your prefrontal cortex back online, though I don't think a neuroscientist would like that language, I think that's perhaps a nice analogy for us to think about.

[0:40:12.9] MB: Tell me about some of those strategies and tactics for  producing that defensive reaction.

[0:40:18.5] MB: There's some stuff that works super quickly. The research is fascinating on these techniques, because there you can really easily build them into routines. One is distancing. When we put ourselves at some distance from the situation, we essentially tell our brain that the threat is further away. It can come off a lot. You can do that in a simple way of saying, “What will I think about this when I look back in a year's time?”

Or you can get distance not in terms of time, but in putting yourself in someone else's shoes. You can say what would my wisest friend advise me about this, or what would I advise a friend if they were in this situation? What happens, you know how brilliant and amazing and insightful you can be when you're giving other people advice on their problems. that it might be harder for you to take in your own life?

One of the reasons that you are so intelligent and wise when you're giving other people advice, is because you're not threatened at all by their problems, so you can think really clearly. You're borrowing about that wisdom of distance, by simply asking yourself, getting yourself a go-to question to ask in the heat of the moment. For me I do say, “What will I think about this in a year's time?”

The other thing that's really immediate is actually just to label how you're feeling. Decades of therapists have understood the power of this. I think research has caught up with it in a way. We now know that by labeling the emotion that you are experiencing it, doing it crisply, not wallowing, but just saying, “I'm feeling frustrated, because I've sent three e-mails to this person and they haven't replied.”

Just the very fact of labeling and acknowledging seems to, well and now I'm going to use some narrative to describe what we think is happening. Seems to tell our brains that the threat has been acknowledged, we've got a message. Then it dampens the immediate response system, which allows us then to think more clearly.

I think we're still working out exactly what's going on and why this is so effective, but there's no doubt that this has been used in practice for many, many years really, really effectively. Just at the end of the day, if there's something really riled you up, taking a piece of paper – you don't have to take a piece of paper. You take a piece of paper if you want and just writing, “I feel really annoyed, because.” Then, I mean for added dramatic effect, you can screw up the piece of paper and throw it in the trash, if you like. These things really – they have a very quick effect and that's very useful when you're in the heat of the moment.

[0:42:53.0] MB: Any other strategies that are worth digging into that listeners might be able to quickly implement?

[0:42:58.9] CW: Yes. There are lots. What else do I like? I like something called reappraisal, that actually is a little slightly deeper technique, which I will say has long-term effects. It's been shown to have particularly long-lasting effects, I think because it starts to train yourself to think flexibly about alternative explanations of what's going on. That's really what reappraisal is. It says, first of all, what are the facts of what's happened?

Often when we think about something that's really annoyed us or stressing us out, we generalize and I mean, maybe not catastrophize, but we do say they never treat me with respect when actually what's happened is perhaps something very specific. It might be a repeated behavior, but if you can say instead of, “They never treat me with respect,” and say, “I've sent three e-mails and I have not received a reply to any of them.”

That's the thing that you know. You start with the facts, the actual facts that you can say for sure. Even if you start to say they ignored my e-mail and that is actually an interpretation, because that suggests they're conscious of it and they've ignored it. Now, you start with the facts and then you say what would be an alternate – what am I assuming? I'm assuming that they've seen the e-mails and they're willfully ignoring them. What would be an alternative explanation? That’s it. That’s the reappraisal is to say, “What would be the alternative explanation?”

Frankly, the alternative explanation doesn't have to be true. It's just the contemplation of the fact that the person who is annoying you is not necessarily evil. Of course, the moment you start thinking about anything, well maybe there's something about my e-mail addresses that’s being tagged as spam, maybe they're entirely overwhelmed and they're ignoring everybody at the moment, maybe there's something terrible going on in their lives, maybe their mother is really sick, maybe something.

I discovered recently, there was someone who had ignored an e-mail of mine, and something awful had happened with his child. It really helped me in the moment to just consider the possibility that something else had happened. I was very glad when I realized that I hadn't jumped to conclusions about what was going on.

The story isn't always as dramatic as that, but just the fact of entertaining an alternative explanation is helpful, because only 1% of the population is a psychopath. Actually, just thinking about what could be a different explanation tends to reduce our sense of being wronged and therefore, reduces our state of alert, which reduces our defensiveness and then allows us to think more clearly about what the right next step is.

[0:45:40.5] MB: That reminds me a lot of, I don't know if you're familiar with Byron Katie and her  method called The Work, but it's a very similar series of questions that pour it down, negative thoughts and is I guess using the reappraisal strategy.

[0:45:54.8] CW: Yeah and to be clear, I'm not saying that the bad thing isn't the true story. The point is that if you want to take yourself off the defensive considering what other alternatives might be in the mix is a good way of helping you think more clearly. There's a bit of a backlash at the moment about positive thinking and how negative emotions are important.

The truth is yes, of course. The idea is not to just think positively about everything, but it's to understand the way that your brain works, so that you can – you said earlier on, that you can  hack the way that your brain works, so that you can use this knowledge to think more clearly, to have more energy, to feel more motivated. In this particular case, just the flexibility of considering alternative explanations has been shown to dramatically increase our resilience, our emotional resilience to things that are annoying us, and to help us find ways to move on. That is a skill that all of us really benefit from learning.

[0:46:56.3] MB: Another topic that I know you you've talked about, that I want to touch on is being in – I think it underscores a lot of the things we've talked about today about tying them together in some ways is being in a proactive positive place, versus being in a reactive place.

[0:47:12.1] CW: Well, I think that's in a way the meta theme of everything that I do, which is to say you've got more control than you think. I mean, this isn't the secret. We're not saying you can stand in front of a mirror and say everything is awesome and then it will be. We do have more control over what the things that seem to be done to us, or that seem to be random, the most of us realize and we talked quite extensively about selective attention and the fact that the intention is you have top of mind will shape the perception of what seems to happen to you. That's probably the most profound.

The same thing might be said about more practical stuff we've talked about with multitasking and single-tasking. We feel overwhelmed, we've got so much to do, our days are so long. Well, if you could make yourself 30% faster and getting stuff done by single-tasking, I mean that feels like a bit of a superpower, doesn't it?

I think, just understanding that we do have these small tweaks we can make to our everyday lives that can have disproportionate effects and the way that every day feels.  I'm not saying that if something terrible is going on in your life, maybe there's a bereavement, maybe you're in the middle of a war zone, I'm not saying you can wish these things away, but there are tiny things that we can do that can make every day feel better, whether it's using reappraisal to think more clearly in a difficult situation, whether it's single-tasking, whether it's, well, there are any number of other things as you know. There are about a hundred things in my book. The point is we do have these. There’s a little bit more wiggle room than we tend to exploit from day-to-day. Yeah, I'm a big fan of being proactive.

[0:48:46.3] MB: One of the things that I think can often  contribute to overload, or being put in a reactive place, and I know this is true for myself especially is not being able to, or not wanting to say no to people. How can how can we deal with other people's demands on our time?

[0:49:03.1] CW: Yeah, it's a good question. I mean, none of us is in a vacuum. Here we are talking about, yes the importance of setting boundaries and try to work 50 hours, not 80 hours a week. A lot of people were saying, “Well, that would be nice, but that's not the reality that I'm in. How do I set boundaries, and how do I do it without ruining my relationships?”

There are lots of fantastic techniques out there for saying no elegantly, gracefully. There's one that I particularly like, which I call the positive no, which I borrowed from William Ury. The way it works is because of the neuroscience around defensive mode. Normally when we think about saying no to something, we start with sorry. It seems like a reasonable thing to do if you're not a terrible person to – if we say, “I'm sorry, I can't attend the meeting,” or, “I'm sorry, I have to cancel my participation in this out of the other.”

The interesting thing is that when we're tied up with our stress at saying no to something, we often forget first of all to say something appreciative that keeps the other person in what I call the opposite of defensive mode, I call discovery mode. If you start with something first of all that talks about appreciating what it is that they're asking; maybe it's a meeting that you definitely now can't go to and you know that you're supposed to go to, but you just can't make the time because you're really trying to single-task around something enormously important project, for example and you need to get a nice big unbroken chunk of time in order to do that.

You say, “It's great to see where the project has reached and I know this meeting is really critical juncture and blah, blah, blah, blah, blah.” You say something appreciative about the requests, the fact that I'm really grateful that you thought to include me. Then you start with what you're saying yes to, not what you're saying no to.

You say, “I've got an exciting project is on my plate that I need to complete by the end of this week. If we get it right, then it's going to be transformational for the way that the company moves forward.” As a result, and here's your no, but only after your yes, then you say, “As a result, I'm having to make some tough choices about where I'm putting my time and that means I'm having to clear some space in my calendar and I'm not going to be able to come to the meeting. I'm so sorry.”

Then you get to say sorry. It’s not that – you're not a nasty person. You get to say sorry, but you start with warmth, then what it is you're saying yes to, and then you say you'll know. Of course, you're going to end with warmth and wish them well. That's also something we tend to forget when we're stressed about saying no. The interesting thing about this is that it reduces the defensiveness in the other person's mind, because you are first of all being respectful in talking about what they're asking and you're just giving them a little bit of surprise and delight and interest in what it is that you're doing instead.

Of course, you're still being apologetic, but what it means is that you're not immediately putting them on the defensive by saying, by starting with the “I'm sorry,” at which point they know that  there's no good news here. Sometimes people say yeah, but don't they know that that's really where this is going?

I say yes, but it's still somehow lands differently because their brain isn't so much on the defensive. You’re not just saying something negative. You know what? I've taught this to people and then I've had – there was one client who did it back to me, and I didn't realize until the end of the e-mail that that’s what he had done.

I spent the whole e-mail thinking, “Oh, it’s great that he's going to go do this thing with his son. Then then he can't come to do this meeting with me.” I was so thrilled about reading about what he was going to do with his son, that I got to the end of the e-mail before I realized, “He's just done the positive no on me.” I felt more expansive and more generous towards him if you'd simply said, “I'm sorry, I can't come to the meeting.”

[0:53:03.4] MB: That's great. I love that. I’ll definitely be implementing that into my life. Just one aside, I know we're hitting the hour, do you have maybe like two or three minutes for a couple quick wrap-up questions?

[0:53:14.7] CW: Yeah, very happy to. Yeah, absolutely.

[0:53:16.5] MB: Perfect. What would one piece of homework be that you would give to our listeners to start implementing some of the ideas that we've talked about today?

[0:53:27.1] CW: Well, I think recognizing that your brain’s liberate system has limitations and a certain amount of attention and it's not infinite amount of attention. Meaning that you can be more deliberate about what you notice and then what you remember. Starting the day by saying, “What are my intentions for today? What really matters today? What do I want to have top of mind?” Perhaps as I go into the most important interaction of the day, what my aim? What is my attitude? What assumptions do I have? Where do I want to put my attention?

Then at the end of the day, to look back and say, “Okay, maybe it was a good day, maybe it was a bad day,” but what are three good things that happened today knowing that the way that our memory works, we tend to remember only a small number of the things that actually happen to us? Directing your attention to the things that you really want to make sure you remember, perhaps even the especially important on a bad day, you often forget a few good things that might have happened.

Yeah, maybe you remembered your umbrella. Okay, maybe that was a tiny thing, but the fact that you maybe were planful enough that you remembered your umbrella. That is not nothing. To remember at the end of the day what went well also hacks something that economists call the peak end effect, which is to say that when you remember the quality of an experience, we tend to average two points; the most intense moment, the peak and the end.

If you end the day by looking back at what went well, you're in effect hacking that mental trick of saying actually what you're going to remember of the day is going to be disproportionately influenced by the way that it ends. You might as well end it by reviewing what was good, and recognizing that where we put our attention becomes how we feel about our lives. I think that that start and end is really a very good place to start if you're keen to think about what does behavioral science tell me about how to improve the way I feel about my life.

[0:55:23.9] MB: Where can listeners find you and your book and your work online?

[0:55:28.8] CW: I am at carolinewebb.co. That is not .com, because it turns out there are a billion Caroline Webbs in the world. I did not get carolinewebb.com. I got carolinewebb.co and you can find a ton of articles there, you can sign up for very occasional newsletter. There are videos, there are wonderful podcast like this one.
You can also take a quiz, which is linked to all the themes in the book and you can download a free chapter of the book. That's probably a place I’d go. I'm also on Twitter and Facebook and all the usual places, and I'm posting little nuggets of science-based advice there each day, so hopefully that gives people a sense where to find me.

[0:56:07.9] MB: Well Caroline, thank you so much for coming on the show and sharing all these wisdom; lots of really practical and actionable insights that are rooted in science. I really appreciate you coming on the show and sharing all this knowledge.

[0:56:19.8] CW: Fantastic. It's been great talking to you, Matt. Thank you.

[0:56:22.4] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story, or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My e-mail is matt@successpodcast.com. That’s M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I’d love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail.

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the e-mail list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called how to organize and remember everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the e-mail list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter", S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44-222. 

Remember, the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com. Just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.


April 19, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
benjaminhardy-01 (1).png

How You Can Hack Your Creativity, Productivity, and Mood Using Your Environment with Benjamin Hardy

March 15, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity, Creativity & Memory

In this episode we discuss how your environment plays a tremendous role in shaping who you are, look at how personality develops and what underscores it, talk about how to engineering your own environment to make yourself more productive and effective, examine at how to battle self sabotage and much more with our guest Benjamin Hardy. 

Benjamin is a PhD candidate at Clemson University in Industrial and Organizational Psychology and is currently the #1 Writer for Medium.com with over 50 million page views recorded. He is the author of the upcoming book Willpower Doesn’t Work and his research and writing has been featured in Psychology Today, Business Insider, The Huffington Post, and more!

  • Success is about growth, never plateauing

  • Always be a student, always be growing

  • Living according to a value system that you believe in / a cause you believe in / serving people who you love

  • The difference between security and freedom. Many people base their security in something external to themselves.

  • Develop your own worldview / beliefs / values / goals to help form a more independent

  • Transformational learning experiences” helps transform your world view and perception of yourself

  • Stretch your mind, push your body - to start to open up your world view

  • If you do not create and control your environment, your environment controls you

  • The western belief that we exist independent of our context, what psychological research shows is that your environment has a tremendous impact. Your environment shapes who you are.

  • Mindfulness is awareness of your surrounding and how those surroundings influence you

  • You can also shape your environment, and this creates the possibility for radical change

  • Who you are is influenced and shaped by your environment

  • Epigenetics shows that your environment has a huge impact on your personality

  • Most people are unintentional in shaping their environment

  • Personality is more of an adaptation to situations and unresolved trauma

  • The false belief of western culture is that we think personality is a fixed trait - science shows that it’s not

  • Suppressed trauma can “freeze” your personality

  • Memories are social and contextual - they are shaped by your experiences

  • “You are a sick as your secrets” - the things you keep isolated are the things that keep your personality frozen, your personality changes and continues to grow, you are stuck as a child in some aspects of your personality

  • Will Durant - most people believe that history was shaped by heroes, “It’s not heroes that shape history, its demanding situations that create heroes - the average person could have double their ability or more if the situation demanded it of them”

  • The Pygmalion effect

  • How to “up the stakes” of your environment to create external situation to force you into the behaviors you want to create

  • The two kinds of “enriched environments” you need in order to maximize your performance

  • Only 16% of creative ideas happen when you’re at your desk (when the mind is in a rested state)

  • The concept of “psychological detachment” - letting go of work for a few days - really helps you fully engage when you come back to it

  • The vital importance of recovery as a key component of being both happier and more productive

  • How do you stop from self sabotaging? Put yourself in situations where its a self fulfilling prophecy. Create the environmental components necessary for you to succeed and thrive.

  • Creating “forcing functions” in your life to make yourself achieve the goals and results you want to create

  • Creating appointments with yourself so you can have creative time

  • Who you are right now is NOT what who you need to be to achieve the “big goals” you have set for yourself - otherwise you would have already achieved them and they wouldn’t be big goals

  • “Pressure can bust a pipe or it can make a diamond”

  • “Self signaling” concept from psychology - who you think you are is not a very stable perspective. You don’t really know yourself very well.

  • Its not your personality that creates your behavior, its your behavior that creates your personality.

  • Your behavior can reshape your personality.

  • “The unconscious will only allow you to have what you believe you deserve.” Dr. David Hawkins

  • How do you make yourself believe you can do/be more?

  • Invest in yourself, spend money on coaching etc towards what you desire. This upgrades your internal sense of what you can be, do, and have.

  • Creative output - “quantity is the path to quality” / “it’s better to be prolific than perfect"

  • What Got You Here Won't Get You There - You have to change your strategy. You can’t be tied to just what worked in the past.

  • Your environment is the world outside of you - unless you make changes out there, you will never make any permanent changes inside your head - you can only spend so much time visioning, setting goals, etc - you have to start changing the external environment to make big changes

  • Start by examining your environment - examine whats around you and what’s being created around you.

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

Brilliant+Logo+4_1.png

This weeks episode is brought to you by our partners at Brilliant! Brilliant is math and science enrichment learning. Learn concepts by solving fascinating, challenging problems. Brilliant explores probability, computer science, machine learning, physics of the everyday, complex algebra, and much more. Dive into an addictive interactive experience enjoyed by over 5 million students, professionals, and enthusiasts around the world.

You can get started for free right now!

If you enjoy learning these incredibly important skills, Brilliant is offering THE FIRST 200 Science of Success listeners 20% off their Annual Premium Subscription. Simply go to brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess to claim your discount!

Show Notes, Links, & Research

  • [Harvard Faculty Profile] Ellen Langer

  • [SoS Episode] Research Reveals How You Can Create The Mindset of a Champion with Dr. Carol Dweck

  • [TEDTalk] The Power of Time Off by Stefan Sagmeister

  • [Website] Dr. Gabor Mate

  • [Book] The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma by Bessel van der Kolk M.D.

  • [Book] The Lessons of History by Will Durant and Ariel Durant

  • [Wiki Page] Pygmalion effect

  • [Wiki Page] Flow (psychology)

  • [Article] Why Even Ambitious People Rarely Become Successful by Benjamin Hardy

  • [Article] If You’re So Successful, Why Are You Still Working 70 Hours a Week? By Laura Empson

  • [Book] Letting Go: The Pathway of Surrender by David R. Hawkins M.D. Ph.D.

  • [Website] John Burke Music

  • [SoS Episode] Why You Shouldn’t Follow Your Passion & The Rare Value of Deep Work with Cal Newport

  • [SoS Episode] A Powerful 2000 Year Old Life Hack & Creating Work That Lasts for Generations with Ryan Holiday

  • [Book] What Got You Here Won't Get You There: How Successful People Become Even More Successful by Marshall Goldsmith and Mark Reiter

  • [Book] The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up: The Japanese Art of Decluttering and Organizing by Marie Kondō

  • [Book] Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less by Greg McKeown

  • [Personal Site] Benjamin Hardy

  • [Book] Willpower Doesn't Work: Discover the Hidden Keys to Success by Benjamin Hardy

Episode Transcript


[00:00:06.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.9] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success, the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than a billion downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries. In this episode we discuss how your environment plays a tremendous role in shaping who you are. We look at how personality develops and what underscores it. Talk about how to engineer your own environment to make yourself more productive and effective. Examine how to battle self-sabotage, and much more with our guest, Benjamin Hardy. 

I'm going to give you three quick reasons why you should join our email list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. There's some amazing stuff that's available only to our email subscribers, so be sure you sign up, join the email list and check it out. First, if you join the email list, you’re going to get an awesome free guide that we created based on listener demand called How to Organize and Remember Everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide when you sign up and join the email list today. 

You’ll also get a curated weekly email from us every single Monday call Mindset Monday. Listeners have been absolutely loving this email. It’s short, simple, filled with articles, stories, videos, things we found interesting in the last week. Lastly, you’re going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show. You can help vote on guests, help us change parts of the show, like our layout, intro music and much more, and you get to submit your own questions to our guests, which we often incorporate into interviews. So be sure to sign up and join the email list. 

Once again, you can go to successpodcast.com, sign up right on the homepage, or if you’re driving around, if you're out and about, if you’re on the go right now, if you're on your phone, just text the word “smarter". That's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222. that's “smarter” to 44222 to sign up and join the email list today. 

In our previous episode we took a journey into the inquiry known as The Work and uncovered the four-question framework that you can use to break down negative thoughts and limiting beliefs. We examined what happens when we argue with reality. Looked at the difference between being right and being free, explored the causes of suffering and much more with our guest, Byron Katie. If you want to radically transform the way you think about yourself and your thoughts, listen to that episode. 

Now, for the show. 

[0:02:47.8] MB: Today we have another exciting guest on the show, Benjamin Hardy. Ben is a Ph.D. candidate at Clemson University in industrial and organizational psychology and is currently the number one writer for medium.com with over 50 million page views recorded. He’s the author of the upcoming book; Willpower Doesn't Work, in his research writing has been featured in Psychology Today, Business Insider, The Huffington Post. 

Ben, welcome to the Science of Success. 

[0:03:14.5] BH:: Thanks, Matt. Good to be here too, bro. 

[0:03:16.2] MB: We’re excited to have you on the show today. I’d love to start out with a topic that I find really interesting, which is something you recently wrote about on Medium as well. How do you think about and define success? What does success mean to you? 

[0:03:31.6] BH:: Success for me is — Well, I mean, so there's one idea that for me success is always involving growth. Ray Dalio talks a lot about how we’re happiest when we’re growing, and I agree with that. So, one component of success is that you never plateau. A lot of people when they become successful, success becomes like this curse, and then it leads to failure. So regardless of how “successful” you are, you get to always be a student and always be growing. I mean, I think that that's one part of it. Then I think living according to some value system that you believe in, or pursuing some cause that's kind of more of a Vikor Frankl thing where it’s like success is something that comes from pursuing a cause you believe in or serving other people who you love. So I think that those kind of things go hand in hand when you're seeking a cause in helping other people and you’re continually growing. I think that that's what I view as success. 

[0:04:25.8] MB: In this Medium article you wrote a couple weeks ago you talked about the idea that success is not extrinsic. Can you can kind of share that notion explain what that means? 

[0:04:35.7] BH:: Yeah. I mean, for me, obviously you can have all of the external sayings that people seek out, whether that's money, fame, prestige. Obviously, we have seen many people with those things that we don't consider successful. On the inside they are wreck. So I think that, obviously, those things are not bad. Having money and all those things can be great as long as you have some internal stability. So for me it's more about where is your security. There's a big difference between security and freedom and a lot of people’s security is on things that are external, whether that’d be a paycheck, whether that’d be people's opinions of them. For me, the security has to be on the inside, and when you have that, then you can use your environment or you can use accolades. You can use those things to move you forward or to achieve your causes, but ultimately your security is still on what's inside, where who you are as a person or what you value. So I think that that’s kind of what I'm talking about. 

[0:05:33.0] MB: So if you're — Let’s say your self-worth or your security more broadly is rooted in what other people think about you, your achievements, etc., how do you transition or kind of relocate that to something that's internal or something that's kind of within your control? 

[0:05:51.5] BH:: Yeah. So what you're describing is basically a dependent state. Like if your security is based on other people and you’re just kind of operating based on what you think other people want you to do or something like that, that's dependence. I think the goal is to go up to independence, which is to start to develop your own worldview, start to develop your own goals, beliefs, values, and start to live according to that, and that's kind of creating some sense of independence. Hopefully a lot of people can do that through high school and college, but obviously I think people are plagued with like high dependence throughout their life. 

What I talk about in Willpower Doesn't Work is that independence itself shouldn't even be the goal. Even though that's the focus in Western culture where we live, the goal is to be super — Be your own thinker or have your own opinion and things like that, and I think that that actually limits people because you only have one filter, only one worldview that you're seeing through and obviously that one filter is pretty limited. So there’re a lot higher perspectives. In common speak we would call that interdependence. What psychologists would call the transforming self, where you are a lot more collaborative, where you're willing to learn from other people, you're curious, you're willing to have your worldview transformed, you're willing to reshape what you're seeking. So I think a lot of it is being a good learner, listening, working with other people, a few of those things. 

[0:07:08.2] MB: That makes me think of, we had a listener submit a question this on episode that I think is really relevant to that, which is John from Massachusetts was curious how — For someone who struggles to, let's say, shape their own goals or kind of figure out what their goals even are or what they want their goals to be, how can they kind of take steps to start to form their own goals, sort of form their own opinions and beliefs? 

[0:07:33.1] BH:: Yeah. I mean, I would be interested in how much time this person is spent actually having real-world experiences. Obviously, if they’re listening to this podcast they’re interested in personal growth. But what I find is that people who haven't actually gone out experience the world haven't done things, which what learning theorists would call having transformational learning experiences, where you see things where your worldview is disrupted, where you experience a lot of — Where your common beliefs or the assumptions you had growing up are questioned. I think that those types of things are really important for people to have, and that's what kind of triggered me on my path of growth. It wasn't until I left, where I was living and did like a humanitarian mission for a few years that I was able to likes see the world from a totally different perspective, engage in behaviors that I’ve never done. Read dozens of books. Took on different roles that I wasn't stuck in in high school and just began to like see things, read things, experience things, and then you can start to kind of formulate more powerful opinions on what you think is important, what you value, what you think you should dedicate your time towards. Until you have those type of experiences, you just kind of rely on what's been given to you rather than figuring out what you believe and see for yourself. 

[0:08:44.7] MB: So having transformational learning experiences is one strategy. Have you found anything else to be helpful or beneficial in terms of kind of anchoring your own, let’s say, self-perception, etc., in things that are out, sort of independent or outside of being anchored to external results? 

[0:09:02.5] BH:: I think that fitness regardless of a results is a really good place for a lot of people to start, because there's a lot of research at this point on kind of how fitness influences the brain and influences how you’re processing is mentally. It also influences your inner emotions, confidence, things like that. So I think starting to like run or push your body, changing how you eat, like those types of things are also really powerful things. Obviously, consuming lots of good stuff, starting to read books, whether that’d be about business, philosophy, biography, starting to study the history of the world. So, I mean, I think that those two things are really good; stretching your mind and pushing your body are really good places to start and they kind of start to open up different pathways of thinking. 

[0:09:49.8] MB: I want to get more concretely now into some of the lessons from Willpower Doesn't Work and kind of the core ideas. One of the fundamental premises of that book is kind of the the idea or the power of your environment. What does that mean and why is environment and surroundings so powerful? 

[0:10:06.7] BH:: Yeah. There's a quote from Dr. Marshall Goldsmith and he says, “If you do not create and control your environment, your environment creates and controls you.” 

Basically, this is very opposite, or juxtaposed from what most Western people think. Most Western people are trained or conditioned to think that we’re very independent of our situation or our context, that who we are in one situation is who we are in a different situation and we really prize that. We say that it's being authentic to be your real self. 

Really, what the psychological research shows, and if you really begin to think about it on a higher kind of more philosophical level as well, you begin to realize that who you are in one situation is very different from who you are in a different situation. So, like Harvard, the Harvard psychologist, Ellen Langer, she said that social psychologists argue that who a person is it any one time depends mostly on the context in which they find themselves. But what becomes powerful is when you realize you can create the environment you’re in. There's a lot of talk on what mindfulness is these days and, really, what it is from like a psychological science perspective, is mindfulness is awareness of your surroundings and how those surroundings are influencing you and how you're influencing those surroundings. 

So what Ellen Langer says is the more mindful we’ve become, the more we realize we can create the environments we’re in. When you realize you can create your environment, you also believe in the possibility of change. So this perspective is powerful, because when you have a really individualistic perspective, when you disconnect yourself from your surroundings, you think that who you are is like a fixed entity, and that's what psychologists would call a fixed mindset. You believe that your personality is fixed, that who you are is who you’ll always be. 

When you realize that who you are in one situation is different from who you are in a different situation, that we all have multiple personalities, that the relationship between us. Like, for example, the relationship between me and my wife determines who I am in that situation. There's a lot of meaning there. It's different than when I'm on a business trip or when I'm by myself. 

So when you realize that who you are is totally influenced and shaped by your situation, then you take a lot more ownership of that situation and how it influences your thoughts, your behaviors. And now there's all sorts of research in fields like epigenetics that are showing that it's not necessarily your DNA that determines your genetic expression. The cellular level is more determined by the environments you’re in, the choices you make. Yeah, I mean, at all levels. 

Situationally, relationships, all of those things are based on your environment. For me, it's powerful, because not only does it show that we’re more fluid, that we can actually be changed, that our environments aren't — I mean, that our personality isn’t fixed, but it's always changing and that it can change from one situation to another especially when you're purposely taking on new roles. But then you can make a lot bigger jumps in your self-improvement. Like, rather than just incrementally trying to improve something, like just kind of hacking away at some skill, you put yourself in situations that force you to operate at a higher level, and that's kind of why I think Jim Rohn said, “Don't surround yourself with people with low expectations. Surround yourself with a difficult crowd where the expectations for demands are high, because that's how you’ll grow.” Yeah, those are some thoughts. 

[0:13:22.7] MB: I think that's really thing point that out sort of identities and personalities can be changed by manipulating our environment. 

[0:13:31.1] BH:: Definitely. I mean, yeah. Our environment in a lot of ways shapes our personality. Like a lot of people that are unintentional about it. They fall into roles, that then they just like believed to be their intrinsic personality, when it's really just a role they’re playing out. Whether it's like being someone funny. 

Dr. Gabor Mate, he's one of the best thinkers on addiction. He's developed this really cool perspective, and it really isn't even his own. It comes from other people, but he's got this great perspective on personality, that personality obviously is definitely not some intrinsic trait, but it's more an adaptation and it's an adaptation to situations or to just dealing with unresolved traumas. So like if a child goes through some hard experience, they have this need for belonging, and so they'll adapt their personality to keep that need for belonging. Kids and high school students do that all the time. In order to fit in with the crowd, they shape their behavior, they shape their language, they shape how they act and think to fit a situation so that they can belong. 

So personality is not some fixed trait. It's an adaptation to situations. It's something that you use. The problem with Western culture is we think that personality is some fixed trait, that it doesn't change who you are when you’re born, it’s who you are when you die. We use personality tests to put ourselves in boxes. We don't realize that personality is something that's always developing, and that when you resolve internal conflicts, your personality will change. When you put yourself in these situations and then you're doing it intentionally, you can definitely alter your personality. 

There's a really other good book from a medical doctor. The book is called The Body Keeps the Score. It's all about trauma, and it talks about how personality can become frozen or fixed. If someone goes through a traumatic experience, kind of like PTSD, where someone goes through some hard experience and then it becomes suppressed. It has a lot to do his memory. 

So normal memories are very fluid. Let’s just say you have memories of yourself as a kid. Those memories are always being altered by new experiences that you're having. Memories are social and they’re contextual, which means that you can change them based on when you bring in new experiences. You go on a trip, you have new experiences that colors your worldview. It's kind of like the movie Inside Out. Your memories are always changing when you are calm and stuff like that. But traumatic memories, experiences that are hard, that you suppress, they get fixed and they're not contextual, they become isolated. So they freeze you in time. You stop growing in a certain area. 

So we all have multiple personalities. There are certain areas of your life that you are very mature and your developing and there's other areas you’re like a three-year-old kid. When that side gets triggered, all the sudden you don't know how to cope, and that's where most people isolate themselves. They turned to self-destructive behaviors and they try to avoid it rather than dealing with it. There's a really cool quote, the idea that you're as sick as your secrets. So the things that you keep stock, the things that you keep isolated are the things that keep your personality frozen. But once you can kind of work your way through those traumatic experiences, your personality changes. It continues to develop. You continue to grow. 

So the idea of a fixed personality is a really messed up concept, and I go into it a little bit in this book. It’s actually going to be the core concept of my next book. Yeah, personality should never be something that gets stuck. It should always be developed. We all have multiple personalities based on the situations we’re in and the roles we’re in, and personality should be something that you could actually tweak and transform as far as reinventing yourself in dramatic ways if you want to. 

[0:16:59.6] MB: That's really, really fascinating. I love the example that if you think about the different facets of your life, in some areas you might be really developed and mature, in other areas you may still really have kind of the feelings and belief and emotional reactions of the child, and that might be a result of some past trauma that has kind of frozen you. You’re frozen your emotional development in the particular area of your life. 

[0:17:22.2] BH:: For sure. Yeah. I think it's fascinating as well. It’s very uncommon perspective of personality in Western view. 

[0:17:28.0] MB: Who were the doctors you mentioned that have written a little bit about that or talked about that? 

[0:17:32.0] BH:: Dr. Gabor Mate, one of the best thinkers on addiction and trauma. Then the other one, let me look it up real quick. It's the guy who wrote The Body Keeps the Score. The Body Keeps the Score is finally starting to blow up. It’s a book that was written a few years ago and now it’s really starting to get some steam, Bessel van der Kolk, medical doctor. Body Keeps the Score. I would say the best book on trauma that’s around right now, and it's starting to finally get some steam. Yeah, it’s a really good book, mind-blowing book. Then anything written by Dr. Gabor Mate. 

[0:18:02.8] MB: Awesome. Well we’ll make sure to include all those things in the show notes as well so listeners can check those resources out. Coming back to one of the points you made earlier that I think is really, really important to kind of underscore and reiterate is this idea that most people are completely unintentional in shaping their environment and they just sort of let their environment happen around them, and as a result that creates certain behavior patterns and activities and sort of modes of behavior in their lives. When in reality you can kind of step back, create a different environment, shape your environment in certain ways and literally change your behavior, and thus change the outcomes you get in your life simply by making those tweaks. 

[0:18:42.4] BH:: Totally. Yeah. Charles Darwin, when he first presented his concepts on evolution, he talks about how there’s two types of evolution. One is kind of more of a natural or a random evolution that it generally happens out in nature, where animals or species of some type are just reacting to the changes that occur in the environment and. That creates a very unconscious and unplanned evolution.

Basically, traits are developed based on just reacting to environment. I would say that's how most people are. They just are reacting to the environment. Whereas, there is another type of evolution as well that Darwin talks about, and that's more of a — He would call it an unnatural evolution or its more of a preplanned evolution where you domesticate like an animal. 

Let’s just say, for example, you want to develop horses that are really tall, or that run really fast, or you want to like make your cucumbers huge, whatever it is. Like you can reshape the situation, and it's really cool when you actually start to realize this, how it influences like agriculture and stuff. I have a friend who is recently on a mushroom farm, like not a hallucinogenic type of mushroom, but like this farm grew like dozens and dozens of different types of mushrooms and the only way to kind of shape these mushrooms in different ways is to alter like the soil and like the type of air and the type of sunlight. 

So like in order to kind of create a preplanned type of evolution where you develop specific types of traits, you’ve got to shape the environmental factors to make it happen. That's kind of like the more kind of Darwinian perspective. Yeah, I would say that very few people are really intentional about the environments that are shaping them. Obviously, your environment is shaping you, but very few people shape the environment that shapes them. 

So I think that the most kind of high-level conscious perspective is thinking what type of environments kind of shape you and how do you put yourself in that situation. So there're a couple quotes that kind of build on this idea. One is the historian, Will Durant. He was being questioned and stuff like this, and I present this idea in kind of one of the intro chapters of the book. But most people believe that history was shaped by heroes. What Will Durant said — And he's one of the most famous historians of all time. He's created one of the most authoritative perspectives on history, and he said it's not heroes that shape history. Its demanding situations that create heroes. 

Then he says that the average person could have doubled their ability or more if their situation demanded of them. So basically we’re a product of our environment. We’re either rising up or falling down to the expectations of our situation. It's really cool, because — So there's an idea in psychology, it's called the Pygmalion Effect. Basically means that, yeah, you’re either rising up or falling down to the expectations of those around you. 

So when you realize this, then you can kind of connect some different dots and you can start to think about — Like let’s just go into like the concept of flow. Flow is something that happens when they are situational factors that make flow. Flow happens when there is like immediate feedback, when there're consequences for failure, when there's difficulty, when there's newness. When these things are in place, you become highly engaged and you can be absorbed in what you're doing. Flow doesn't happen when you're kind of doing the same thing over and over or like when you're not being challenged, when there is low consequences for behavior, when you're constantly distracted when you're in and out. 

If you think about most people's working environments, they're not set up for flow. Most people, they're not doing things they've never done before. They're not being highly challenged. They don’t have lots of responsibility. There's a low consequences for poor performance. There's not immediate feedback. So like most people — Then they’re like working on computers with multiple tabs. They open their smart phones next to them beeping and stuff like that. How could anyone get into flow in that type of situation? The idea that the average person, their abilities could be doubled or more if their situation demanded of them is really cool. Yeah, I kind of went on for a bit, but there're so many ways you can use this. 

[0:22:51.3] MB: First, I just want to chime in as well. I'm a huge fan of Lessons From History. I don’t know if it’s Lessons From History or Lessons of History. I forget the exact title, but great sort of summary of Will and Ariel Durant's work, and then you can read it in an hour or two. It’s very short, simple read. That's basically like the eight or nine core lessons that he took away from writing volumes and volumes and volumes of work on the world’s histories. 

What that makes me think of is this idea that how can we actually sort of create these high-stakes environments in our lives when we have all these Chrome tabs open and distractions? It seems very low stakes if I don't write this article, or publish this podcast or whatever. How do I create kind of that high-stakes environment or that place where I can double my ability?

[0:23:42.6] BH:: Yeah, for sure. So I think that there're actually two types of environments that are really important and you can't have one without the other. So like the idea of like — Let’s just use it in the realm of fitness. Really, easy thing is is, yes, rather than working at home, you could get a gym membership. Rather than just getting a gym membership, you can hire a personal trainer who you’re spending money. 

Number one is kind of upping the investment. When you increase the level of investment in what you're doing, that immediately increases the commitment. If you're financially invested, for example, then there're some stakes involved. Yeah, it may not be enough to like get you to go, but if someone's waiting for you that you've hired, that you've paid, like you're more likely to do it. If you're paying someone to push you, then you’ve already created somewhat of external situations that are somewhat forced, pushing against you. 

Obviously, you need your own intrinsic motivation as well, but intrinsic motivation can only do so much in an environment that's not kind of forcing you forward. That's one little thing. I mean, there're lots of others I can go into in a second, but there’s really other important type of environment. 

There’s two types of environments I talked about the book, and I call them enriched environments. One is environments that are focused on this high demand, high stress. The second is environments focused on rest and recovery. Because in fitness, for example, you could push yourself intensely, but if you don't give yourself optimal rest and recovery, then it’s going to kind of be for nothing. You not can actually get huge gains. Almost all of the gains happen in high quality rest. The same is true with work and creativity. So there's a lot of research that says that only 16% of creative ideas happen when you're sitting at your desk. Most creative ideas are going to happen when you're outside of your work environment, when you're out in nature, you're in your car. You could even be in your shower, but like it's when you're out and about and you’re actually totally resting. When your mind is in a rested state, all of a sudden your mind can wander and it can take what you've worked on, and it can connect it with different things. 

So you need to be focused when you're working, but then you need to go away and like let your mind rest. That's why there's a huge push for taking like off days, or doing mini-retirements, or going on sabbaticals. 

There’s a really good TED Talk, all about the power of sabbaticals, and it's about this famous New York artist who closes his studio once every seven years, leaves for seven years, travels the world. He says it's during that time that he gets — And he's just not even working. He’s just resting. He's traveling the world. He’s having fun. He is relaxing. It's during that one year off that he gets all of these best ideas that fuels all of his work for the next several years. 

I’ll just give a little bit more and then I’ll go into the practicality. Dan Sullivan, he's one of the founders of Strategic Coach, which is like considered by many to be the top entrepreneurial coaching program in the world, and he talks about how you need to have focus days and free days. So like days when you're focused, you’re totally on. You're working hard. That's a high pressure, high demand. Free days are where you’re totally off, where you’re not thinking about work at all. If you, let’s just say, get a text message about work and you look at it, then like you can't count it as a free day. So like you need to totally unplug, put your phone on airplane mode, go away, spend time with your kids or your family, or go do something fun or just unplug. 

So I think you kind of need both of these environments, and I think for most people they need to actually optimize initially for the high rest, because that's actually harder in the beginning. Because most people are so plugged in, they’re so addicted to technology, and millennials are actually the worst, and I'm a millennial. But like there's so much, like prize and always being available. It's not a good thing. There's a lot of research in organizational psychology that brings up this concept called psychological detachment from work. Basically what it means is unless you fully detach from work, which means physically, emotionally, mentally and totally unplugged, you actually have a really hard time re-engaging and fully attaching the work when you jump back in. For most people, they’re never fully on or fully off. They’re always semi-on, semi-off, kind of in and out of consciousness, in and out of distraction, in and out of being present. 

There’s a really powerful quote that brings all these together, and it’s basically wherever you are, that's we should be. So I think kind of step one to creating high stress in high demand environments is actually creating environments in situations where you can totally rest and recover, because that's where you’re going to get your clarity. Once you have clarity, once you've kind of stepped out of your routine environment and you’ve given yourself some space, you can actually make powerful decisions. You can kind of rethink your process, your approach, and then you can think about ways of how you can create more pressure, or demand, or challenge in your life, whether that's taking on bigger goals, whether that's giving yourself shorter timelines, whether that's creating some form of accountability in your life to other people when there's consequences, where there's feedback. 

For me, when it comes to creating more demand or pressure in my life, I think about it in a few different ways. One is just being open to certain types of responsibility. Like, for example, my wife and I became foster parents of three kids. When we became foster parents of three kids, and that was like right when I started my Ph.D. program, we went from 0 to 3 kids with like intense emotional needs and stuff. That’s increasingly — That's like intentionally putting a ton of pressure on yourself. 

But what's interesting is that we did that at the beginning of 2015. So from 2010 to 2015, I wanted to be a writer, but I didn't have the ability to do it. I just couldn't mentally get myself to start. But as soon as we became foster parents, which it's a paradox, because most people would think you have less time, that you would be overwhelmed and stuff. But that pressure from my situation actually was what gave me the clarity and the urgency to start writing. 

Then I started writing intensely, because I had to. I saw that it’s like if I'm actually going to become a professional writer, if I've got these kids that are relying on me, I've got to start now. It was actually the — Obviously not everyone needs to be a foster parent to do that, but in kind of practical ways you could also just hire a mentor. Spend some money. Get invested and then hire someone, kind of like you would a personal trainer. 

A lot of people probably in this audience know about Ryan holiday. He's written several best-selling books. He's one of the people I've hired multiple times to help me in different phases of my career. He helped me write my book proposal. I hired him. That put social pressure on me, but it also kind of — It kind of put me in a situation where like I was putting my money where my mouth was. I want to write a book. I hired someone I respected, and I was paying him. So he kind of expected that I would actually do something about it. Take what he was giving me and I turned that into a book proposal, which turned into a big book deal, which is book for Willpower Doesn’t Work. So I think that a lot of it's just investing in yourself, investing in environments, investing in relationships, and then taking on responsibility, whether that's in your personal or professional life. 

[0:30:31.9] MB: I think that the point that recovery is kind of the starting point, and creating those spaces for recovery is really, really important. That’s something that, as you said, in today's world, especially — I'm a millennial also, and so many people of our kind of age cohort, especially, really don't take that time to fully disconnect, fully step away, and I think it's really vital. The research and the science demonstrate as well that that's when you are the most creative, that's when you kind of bring — When you come back from that, that's when you bring the most productive and kind of high input work to what you're doing. 

There was a Harvard business review article that I read a couple weeks ago that talked about this, which we’ll throw into the show notes as well. I just think that that's a really, really critical point. 

[0:31:17.8] BH:: Yeah. I would say they without that, you're not going to be able to actually get the most out of the high demand situations. It’s like if you’re never fully giving yourself enough time to rest, you’re not getting good sleep, it doesn't matter how much you go into the gym. Your workouts aren’t going to be that good. The same is true of work. If you’re not giving yourself — Like Sean White, for example. He talked a lot about how he stays so good at what he does. He just won Olympics after being — He's been doing this for so many years. He says, “How do I stay so good at this? It's because I spent a lot of time away from the sport.” 

He pursues skateboarding and playing music and stuff. He gives himself tons of time away. So that like when he's there, he's fully present. Like 10,000 hours is not what leads to expertise. It's actually like iIt's an amount of time in flow. It’s in amount of time, like actually moving forward. There're people that spent a lot of time doing activities and make minimal progress. Then there's people who put a ton of — It’s kind of like it’s not the amount of — I think it’s hours you put into your — It’s not the amount of hours you put in. It’s what you put into your hours. 

Yeah, I mean, I just think that's probably where people have to start, is actually reconnecting with themselves. Kind of to that person's question before, I think a lot of clarity comes when you actually can reconnect with yourself. You’re not fully plugged in, not sucked into what you're doing and you actually give yourself space you start to get clarity. 

[0:32:44.6] MB: One of the things we talk a lot about on the show is the importance of mental models; building a toolkit of mental models so that you can better understand reality and achieve your goals. That’s why I'm excited to tell you about our sponsor this week; brilliant.org.

Brilliant is in math and science enrichment learning tool that makes mastering the fundamentals of math and science easy and fun. You can learn the concepts by solving fascinating and challenging problems. Brilliant explores everything from probability, to computer science, machine learning, the physics of everyday life, complex algebra and much more. You can master these skills in exciting and interactive experiences enjoyed by over five million students, professionals and enthusiasts around the world. 

As Charlie Munger, one of my personal heroes said, “The models that come from the hard sciences and engineering are the most reliable models on this earth.” brilliant is a great place to build your STEM skills and really start mastering the fundamentals of the hard sciences, which are the cornerstones of any toolkit of mental models. 

Right now, brilliant.org is offering our listeners 20% off of their annual premium plan. This discount is only for Science of Success listeners and you can unlock it by going to brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess. That brilliant.org/scienceofsuccess. Sign up today and get started on building a powerful toolkit of mental models for yourself. 

Back to the show. 

[0:34:14.4] MB: Another thing, kind of back on the idea of creating these stakes for ourselves. I feel like one of the challenges I have with trying to do that sometimes, and I try to implement many of these kind of hacks to up the stakes and create environments where I'm forcing myself to perform. I feel like sometimes there's almost like a mental like limiting belief or sort of a self-sabotaging sort of short circuit to that where I say, “Oh, I set these super ambitious goals,” and I almost in the back of my head think, “Oh, well there's no way that can happen anyway.” So then I almost am sabotaging the motivation. I don't know if you've ever encountered that or have any thoughts on that, but it’s something that I feel like I’m really curious to see kind of what your thoughts are on that. 

[0:34:55.1] BH:: Yeah. I mean, think everyone experiences that all the time. If you say you want to make $1 million if you’ve never even made six figures. It's kind of hard to believe in that. For me, I mean, how I do it is that I really think situationally. It's like how do you put yourself in a situation where it almost becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy? How do you create the situation of the stakes so that you kind of have to make good on it? 

For me — And it's very similar to what I've talked about before, but it's like you got to put the environmental components in. So there's a guy I kind of detail in the book. His name is John Burke. He's a 29-year-old pianist who was recently nominated for a Grammy. He's a really cool guy. He talks about how he always pursues bigger and bigger goals with his piano. 

He's got a really cool process for doing this, and there's an idea in the book I call forcing function. So basically a forcing function is where you put some constraint in place where it forces you to operate how you want to. For some people, a forcing function would be literally investing money in a personal trainer. If you invest a lot in that, it kind of like you put the situation in place. But for John Burke, he does some really cool stuff. 

So first off, he's got the philosophy and the worldview that he's never going to do the same thing twice. Like every album he tries to create or project he does, it's always a new and difficult challenge, and that's really how the Beatles operated as well. I talked about collaboration and how the Beatles were so innovative and they were always infusing totally unique, different types of things in their worldview. But for John Burke, whenever he decides he's going to do a project, and it may or may not be kind of believable for him in the moment how big it is, how difficult it is. As soon as he decides he wants to do something, he does a few things. He puts a few things in place. 

Number one; he calls his sound engineer, where he records his albums and he gets on the guy’s schedule. It's like probably for three or six months in advance when he's going to come and record the album that he hasn't even like written a song for. He's just thought of the idea, and he pays the guy. He becomes like, schedule-wise, committed, but he also becomes financially committed that like in 3 to 6 months, and it's on the calendar, he's going to be there recording the album. 

Then he looks at his calendar and he plugs in throughout his week, for the next several months, times when he's actually going to create, like create the album. He puts creation time in his schedule and then if things pop up, like gigs or things where like they would be very appealing, if stuff pops up on his calendar during those creation times he says he can't. He says he has an appointment, and that appointment is obviously with himself. 

Then he creates social pressure, where he starts telling his fan that he's coming up with a new album. Says when it’s going to come out, etc. So like all these happens the day that he comes up with the idea or the plan. So, obviously, in the moment when he comes up with the idea, he could come up with a million reasons why he can't do it, why he can't create it, why he can't get there, but he puts all sorts of checks and balances in place to force himself forward. Why I think that this is so cool and I connect it with lots of ideas in the book is that, obviously, who you are right now is not the kind of person you need to be to achieve big goals. Otherwise you would have achieved those goals. I'm talking about big goals relative to whatever you want to pursue. If you were already that person, then those goals wouldn't feel big. They feel big to you right now because of your current behavior and your mindsets. 

So what you want to do is you want to put things in place where you can weed those things or you can upgrade yourself towards that new goal, and that's basically what John Burke does. He puts all these pressure on himself and then he — So there’s this quote that pressure can bust a pipe or it can make a diamond. You know what I mean? So he puts his pressure on himself and then he starts creating, and it's the act of doing and creating that kind of evolves you. 

In psychology, there's some really cool ideas. One is the idea of self-signaling. I've written about this a lot my articles and I’ve also written about in Willpower Doesn’t Work. But self-signaling is the idea that who you think you are is actually not a very stable perspective. You don't really know yourself very well as a person. None of us do. We judge and evaluate ourselves the same way we judge and evaluate other people. We do it based on behavior. 

So if you change your behaviors or engage in different types or levels of behaviors, you start to alter your worldview about yourself. So what's cool about this, and it kind of goes with everything we're just talking about on personality. It's not your personality that creates your behavior. It’s your behavior that creates your personality. 

For John Burke, for example, he starts taking on big goals. One of the things he does that I talk about in the book is that he writes songs that literally he can't play. He composes his own music and he writes it at skill levels above his physical ability to push the keys. Then he writes the songs. He's got this timeline. He’s socially told his fans it’s going to come out. He loves challenging himself. So he has to force himself to learn how to play music that's above his skill level that he himself writes. How does he do that? Well, he’s put all the things in place. He actually is composing or writing or doing things, because he put it in his schedule and because he gives himself the time to do, because he's pursuing this big goal, because there're all these social pressure that he put on himself, because he loves doing things that he’s never done before. He gets better and better and better and he does things he never done before, and that's how he grows into bigger goals. So I think that that's kind of just a good example of how you can apply what you're talking about here. 

One other just quick thought is that kind of going on with the idea that your behavior can reshape your personality, and it's kind of a theme I've been saying a little bit here. But there's this quote from Dr. David Hawkins, and he's wrote two really, really good books. He’s actually written many good books, but he wrote Power Versus Force, and he also wrote a book called Letting Go. A lot of people who are kind of very high-level thinkers consider Letting Go to be one of the best personal development books of all time. I actually am in full agreement. I don't think I’ve ever read a more high-level self-improvement book. 

You have to kind of get past some of the religious things if that kind of triggers you in negative ways. It does not negatively trigger me, but he's a medical doctor. He's brilliant. One of the things he says is that the — Or he says that the unconscious will only allow you to have what you believe you deserve. So if you look in your life, if you look at your environment, if you look at all around you, a lot of it is based on what you unconsciously believe you deserve. So if you are pursuing certain goals, it's because you believe you could have those things. So how do you shatter that subconscious belief system and upgrad it so that you can believe you can do and be more? For me, a lot of that has to do with two things; investing in yourself and investing in your environment or your relationships. Things like that. 

So like when I make investments in myself — And even just talking about small ones. You know what I mean? Like buying my domain name or buying an online course that taught me how to write viral headline so that I could learn how to write. Like those type of investments — Or even hiring Ryan Holliday to help me write my book proposal, like when you watch yourself spend money on something you desire and something you want and believe in, and then you start kind of engaging in environments and around certain types of people. That changes your subconscious patterns. It upgrades your sense of what you can be, do and have. 

So I think you’ve kind of always got to be putting yourself in new situations, be willing to invest in yourself, kicking in that upgrade and the psychology and then, like John Burke, creating conditions that make success happen. 

[0:42:33.7] MB: I love the example of John Burke. That was a really concrete kind of way to contextualize a lot of the stuff you’ve been talking about. That’s great example. Especially kind of the kind of early on in the example, the notion of creating an appointment with yourself and holding yourself to it I think is a really cool strategy. So I think that was a really, really good example. 

[0:42:53.1] BH:: Thanks, man. 

[0:42:54.2] MB:. I'm curious, how do you — Maybe contextualizing this with another example from your own life. How did you kind of concretely implement these things and shape the environment that enabled you to become the top writer on Medium? 

[0:43:09.1] BH:: Yeah. I mean, part one I already talked about. We became foster parents, which kind of really forced me to think hard about things. I had wanted to be a writer, for example, for five years before I started writing. As a foster parent, I knew my time was going to go fast. So that's what compelled me to start investing in myself. I bought a domain name, which was 800 bucks. Ton of money is a graduate student. $197 online course, which taught me how to write viral headlines. Then a lot of it, it’s just kind of doing some of the John Burke stuff. You know what I mean?

So there's a few ideas that I really love. One is when it comes to creative staff, quantity is the path to quality. You’ve got to pump a bunch of stuff out, and that's what I did initially. This was back in the spring of 2015, but over a period of a few months I wrote like 50, 60 articles and I was practicing what I was learning and studying and I was invested financially and my situation with my foster kids was demanding me to succeed, because my wife gave me an ultimatum basically, that she gave me basically a basically year to like really pursue this writing thing because I’ve been talking about it ever since she met me and I hadn't done anything about it. So now I’m like, “Okay. I’m going to really do this.” We spend 800 bucks on a domain name. I started spending some money on it and she’s like, “All right. You’ve got a year to try this.” 

So there's a timeline, and then just pumping it out. So quantity is the path to quality, and also it's better to be prolific than perfect. For me, I've never dealt with the whole perfectionist’s mind. Like I often publish articles and I’ll get emails and stuff with people saying, “Dude, there's so many typos and stuff. What is your problem?” Obviously, I try to be professional, but it's better to be prolific than perfect. 

So I pumped out a bunch of stuff. I practiced. I got some good training and then I just studied the craft. I'm a part of a lot of mastermind groups where people are teaching about how to be salesman and stuff like that. How to do really good marketing? I think that that stuff is really important. I have spent a lot of time learning marketing. But for me I really like Cal Newport's perspectives, that to be so good you can't be ignored. You know what I mean? 

So for me I think if someone really takes advantage of mastering their craft where you develop rare and valuable skills, you become a craftsman, not a salesman. Because a lot of people they’ll spend like 10% of their time developing a product and 90% of the time figuring out how to sell it. For me it's like spend at least half of the time, at least half the time developing something amazing and then — Yeah, get really good at marketing or positioning it so that you can actually make an impact with it. 

Yeah. I mean, what it looked like for me was writing a ton of articles, figuring out platforms where my work could be most spread. So kind of studying the different situations and environments. rather than creating my blog, I found out about platforms, like Medium.com, Quora, LinkedIn, places where there was already pre-existing audiences, places where there were already millions of people. Then just studying how to go viral on those things and then practicing like crazy. Writing a ton of stuff. Failing a lot. Quantity, quantity, quantity and then eventually hitting quality and eventually developing confidence. So that's what Cal Newport talks about as well. It's actually really relevant to psychological research. 

A lot of people think that it's confidence to create success. It's actually success that creates confidence. So like once you’ve done something enough times and you start to make some small wins, like you become more confident in your ability. You start to develop those skills. It kind of breaks another notion as well. A lot of people think that it's inspiration that creates action, but it's actually action that allows inspiration to come. So I think if you just acting moving, it brings all these ideas together. It's like your behavior shaped your personality. Your successful behavior creates your confidence and your inspiration, and all of these things, thinking about how your situation is either forcing you forward or slowing you down. I mean, that’s kind of how I've applied it, and I've written a ton since then. 

Then kind of at various stages — There's a book, really good idea. It's called What Got You Here Won't Get You There. It's by Dr. Marshall Goldsmith. So there's another idea that basically every next level of your life will demand a different version of you. What got you to a certain place is not what's going to get you to the next level, and not getting so caught up in what worked in the past. That's why most people, their success creates failure, is because they keep doing what they thought worked, but to get to the next stage they actually need to do what’s different. 

For me for a long time, what worked was I needed to write a bunch of articles and get better and better at writing viral content and learning how to turn that content or those views into email subscribers. But then when you jump into bigger and different games, you go from being a big fish to a small fish when you jump into a different pond. Then you kind of got to learn the new rules. Like for me, now I want to blow up in the book world, and that's very different than just writing tons of articles. It's a very different skillset to write good books than it is to write good articles. So just continually not getting stuck at one stage and continually figuring out the new rules of each stage that you're playing at. 

[0:48:01.6] MB: That's awesome, man, and a great example. I think one of the key points from that is this idea that environment is not just sort of your physical environment. Though that can have an impact on your behavior, but it's kind of this broader term. It’s people, situations, etc., that you put yourself in and surround yourself with that can really shape who you ultimately become and the results that you achieve. 

[0:48:25.6] BH:: 100%. Yeah. I mean, I think that that's where the new — I think that this is a concept that people are going to see more and more, as a lot of science is coming out in psychology, but also biology and stuff. It's finally becoming kind of brought to the cultural context, or kind of like the collective awareness of Western thinkers kind of my prediction. It's kind of a big prediction with this book, is that you’re going to see this more and more. People are going to be talking about environment a lot more and more. They’re going to be talking about surroundings and context and all these things and how they influence and shape thoughts, behavior, emotions. When you start to take control of these things, you can start to control your interstate. 

Yeah, I think it’s profound stuff and I think that it's also more honest. A lot of people who are trying to improve themselves, they're lying to themselves if they don't actually make those changes out in the real world. Like, yeah, you can kind of live in your head and you can create vision and goals and all that stuff, but your environment is the world outside of you and unless you’re actually making changes out there, you’re not actually going to make any permanent changes inside your head. 

So my challenge in this book is to put your money where your mouth is and actually change the world or at least the world around you so that you can live in congruence with the dreams and the values you have inside of you. 

[0:49:37.4] MB: Yeah, I think that's another great point. You can only spend so much time in your head kind of setting your goals and visions, etc. But once you start to make those changes in the external environment, making commitments to people, hiring people, etc., that's when it really starts to become really concrete and real. 

[0:49:53.6] BH:: Yup. That's when the commitment goes out. 

[0:49:56.3] MB: One of the other topics that I'd love to just touch on really briefly that I know you've kind of talked about and written about in the past is the idea of kind of being proactive versus being reactive and how to live your life in a more proactive place. 

[0:50:08.8] BH:: Yeah. So going back to the Darwin stuff, either you're reactively being influenced and shaped by your environment or you’re proactively shaping who you want to be, what's around you, who you’re around, what you’re doing. So I think that's just taking the initiative, making the choice, deciding what you want to do. A lot of it I think starts — There’s obviously the cliché concept of morning routines, but it's just a true principle. Like when wake up first in the morning, you either start reacting, whether that's to like your cellphone and news medias. You either start reacting or you proactively create space where you can think about who you want to be and then you can start acting in a place where you can actually be who you want to be and live out in the world. So I think it's just kind of living either consciously or unconsciously. 

[0:50:56.0] MB: What is one piece of homework that you would give to listeners to kind of concretely implement or start implementing some of the ideas that we’ve talked about today?

[0:51:05.3] BH:: Yeah. I would say first things first. Actually begin examining your environment. Examine what surrounds you and what's created around you, because your external environments are pretty clear indicator of your internal mindset and viewpoints and belief systems and things like that. Then ask yourself; is this really what you want? Is this really what you value and believe in or is this kind of just something you've fallen into unconsciously?

It's really gave — There's that book, The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up. It’s actually really true. I mean, if you just — This kind of goes into essentialism as well, is just the idea that literally like remove a lot of the stuff that's in your environment that's nonessential, that that's not high-value to you. It's funny, but you literally can start your closet Throw a bunch of clothes that you devalue. Go into your kitchen and throw away the food that you really genuinely don't want to eat. Maybe make some phone calls to people who are — Relationships that haven't been serving you or them and kind of either try to re-evaluate the expectations or kind of — I'm not saying you have to cut off ties, but you need to be honest. That's kind of why the rubber meets the road is because you can't just leave in your head. You actually have to impact the lives of other people as well. 

Then I would start investing money even if it's small amount in a certain goal or interest or skillset that you want, or relationship. Start investing even if it's just a few bucks. Start investing money in yourself in ways that will kind of change your environment, whether that's changing your skills or changing your proximity to people. Putting yourself around people you'd like to be mentored by, or learning from them. 

[0:52:45.2] MB: Where can listeners find you and your writing and your book online?

[0:52:50.2] BH:: Yes, benjaminhardy.com. My challenge is definitely just go to Willpower Doesn't Work. You can find it on Amazon obviously. So just that book. All my writings on medium.com. 

[0:53:01.2] MB: Well, Ben, thank you so much for coming on the show, sharing all these wisdom. Tons of resources, ideas and concepts. Really, really good insights. Thank you so much for coming here and sharing all these knowledge. 

[0:53:11.1] BH:: Cool, Matt. It's been fun, man. Talk to you later. 

[0:53:13.2] MB: Thank you so much for listening to The Science of Success. We created the show to help you, our listeners, master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story or just say hi, shoot me an email. My email is matt@successpodcast.com. That's matt@successpodcast.com. I'd love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener email. 

I'm going to give you three reasons why you should sign up for email list today by going to successpodcast.com signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the email list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive curated weekly email from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting and fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get a free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide, which is called How to Organize and Remember Everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the email list today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right on the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44222. 

Remember, that the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe in iTunes because that helps boost the algorithm, that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover The Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com. Just hit the show notes button right at the top. 

Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of The Science of Success.


March 15, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity, Creativity & Memory

The Real Strategies Top Achievers Use To Create Results with Jeff Haden

January 18, 2018 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we discuss the habits of high achievers, the motivation myth, dig deep into habits, routines, and strategies you can use to achieve more in less time, balancing hustle and hard work vs recovery and much more with our guest Jeff Haden. 

Jeff is a contributing editor for Inc.com, author, and ghostwriter. Jeff has ghostwritten nearly 40 non-fiction books including four amazon best sellers. He is the author of the upcoming book The Motivation Myth: How High Achievers Really Set Themselves Up To Win and his articles for Inc.com were read by over 20 million people in 2016 alone.

  • How Jeff achieved his dream and realized it wasn't nearly as exciting as he thought it would be

  • Top achievers don't have special sauce - its hard work and hustle that gets them there

  • In interviewing and studying top achievers and the lessons from studying them

  • The power of process and the power of routine

  • Map out and create a blueprint of what you want to do

  • The power of doing the right things every day without fail

  • How do we find out what the right things to do are?

  • Find someone who has achieved what you want to do, look at what they did to get there, create a blueprint based off of that and execute it

  • You don't need to reinvent the wheel

  • The hard part is actually what gets you to where you want to be

  • Motivation comes from action and progress - not the other way around

  • Your muse comes from action, you get ideas from doing things, you get inspiration from getting out there and getting started

  • 2 quick and easy tricks to be as productive as possible every day

  • A fantastic daily productivity strategy you can implement right away

  • Setting your daily MIT every week to avoid decision fatigue and make high leverage choices every week

  • "I can’t” vs “I don’t” and what research reveals about using one phrase vs the other

  • The benefits of working out in the morning

  • How to generate energy in the afternoon with small rest periods

  • How do you balance hard work and hustle with recovery?

  • High leverage thinking, focusing questions, and avoiding busywork

  • The “breaking a sweat” principle - starting with the smallest thing possible

  • How do you deal with big, far off goals? “the distance between here and there”

  • How Jeff did 100,000 pushups in a year

  • Set big goals, but focus on the routine/process every single day to execute

  • How talking about your intentions and big goals can actually prevent you from achieving them

  • How Jeff want from being a factory manager to a prolific writer, writing more than 40 books and countless articles

  • Jeff’s daily writing habit and how he developed it

  • Break down into parts, and execute each of those component parts by day

  • The power of being an “and” instead of being hyper focused

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

SkillShare.png

This weeks episode is brought to you by our partners at Skillshare!

For a limited time, Skillshare is offering our listeners THREE MONTHS OF UNLIMITED CLASSES for only $0.99! That's UNLIMITED classes for three months for only $0.99. Go to www.skillshare.com/success99 to redeem this incredible offer NOW!

Skillshare is an online learning platform with over 18,000 classes in design, business, technology, and more. Whether you’re trying to deepen your professional skill-set, start a side hustle, or just explore something new, Skillshare will keep you learning in 2018 and beyond.

Again, Skillshare is offering our listeners the incredible deal of three whole months of UNLIMITED classes for only $0.99 so get out there and start learning at www.skillshare.com/success99

SHOW NOTES, LINKS, & RESEARCH

[Book] High Performance Habits: How Extraordinary People Become That Way by Brendon Burchard
[Book] The Motivation Myth: How High Achievers Really Set Themselves Up to Win by Jeff Haden
[Inc. Author Page] Jeff Haden
[SoS Episode] The Psychology Secrets of Extreme Athletes, NFL Teams & The World’s Top Performers with Dr. Michael Gervais
[SoS Episode] Break Your Phone Addiction (& Your Other Bad Habits) With Charles Duhigg

Episode Transcript

[00:00:06.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.
[0:00:12.1] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success, the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the Internet with more than a million downloads and listeners in over 100 countries.
In this episode, we discussed the habits of high achievers. Talk about the motivation myth. Dig into the habits, routines and strategies you can use to achieve more in less time. We talk about balancing hostile and hard work versus recovery and much more with our guest, Jeff Hated. 
I'm to give you three quick reasons why you should join our email list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. There's some amazing stuff that's only available to our email subscribers, so be sure to sign up. First, you're going to get awesome free guide that we create based on listener demand, including our most popular guide; How to Organize and Remember Everything, which you can get completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide when you sign up and join the email list today. 
Next, you’re going to get a curated weekly email from us every single Monday called mindset Monday. Listeners have been absolutely loving this email. It’s short, simple, filled with evidence-based strategies, articles, TED Talks and more that we found interesting in the last week. Lastly, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, vote on guests, submit your own questions to our guests, change our intro music and much, much more. So be sure to go to successpodcast.com, sign up to join the email list right on the homepage, or if you're driving around, if you're out and about, if you're on the go right now, just text the word “smarter”. That's S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222. That “smarter” to 44222.
In our previous episode, we explored the motion and facial expression in depth with one of the world's top experts, the psychologists who pioneered much of the work in this field, Dr. Paul Ekman. We discussed the 6 to 7 major universal emotions. How emotional reactions are unchanged across cultures, ages, even species. We talk about micro-expressions, reading people's faces, how to manage and control your own emotions and much, much more. If you want to learn more about emotion, listen to that episode. 
Before we get started today with Jeff, I just wanted to throw out one little thing. We did have a few challenges with the audio quality on Jeff's end and I wanted to give you a heads up about that. We've done the best we could in editing and postproduction to clean it up, but that audio was a little bit rough. I just wanted to give everybody a heads up. We still thought the episode had enough value that we wanted to share the lessons that Jeff brought to us in that episode. 
Here's the show today. 
[0:02:47.3] MB: Today, we have another exciting guest on the show. Jeff Haden. Jeff is a contributing editor for Inc.com author and a ghostwriter. He's ghostwritten nearly 40 nonfiction books including four Amazon bestsellers and he’s the author of the upcoming book; The Motivation Myth: How High Achievers Really Set Themselves Up to Win, and his articles on inc.com alone were read by more than 20 million people in 2016. Jeff, welcome to the Science of Success. 
[0:03:13.8] JH: Thank you. I’m excited to be here. One of my favorite things to do is talk to people that are smarter than me, so I'm going to be in hog heaven today.
[0:03:21.2] MB: You’re very kind. Well, Jeff I love you — For listeners who might not be familiar with you, I’d love to start out and hear a little bit about kind of your background and your story and kind of what brought you into the world of personal development. 
[0:03:33.1] JH: Wow! This will be really brief, because I'm a pretty boring guy. I worked in manufacturing for about 20 years and worked my way up to where I was running a plant. I thought that was my dream, and it was my dream for a long time, and I got there. Like many dreams, once you're there, you realize that it's not nearly as exciting as you hoped it would be, and it doesn't become your lifelong ambition. Actually my wife talked to me into trying to do something else and I started writing, and I was really, really poor at it at first and had no audience and had very limited success, but I plugged away and just kept working, which in all the successful people that I talked to when I write for Inc., that is the way they succeed. They’re not incredibly talented. They don’t have some flash of special something. They’re the people that I work and outthink and out-hustle other people. So that's what I tried to do. 
In the process of that, I guess the best way to put this is in the process of talking to people who've achieved really big things. I got really interested in how they do that, and that's where my interest in personal development really came from. I think everybody’s interested in personal development, but I really got into it because it was fascinating to see people who had done these things and to realize that it wasn't, again, this special something. It was what they did, not who they were. It was what they did.
[0:04:54.3] MB: I think that’s a critical point, and this idea that top achievers don’t necessarily have some kind of super special sauce, but really, it's about the actions that they take and what they do as supposed to who they are or where they started. 
[0:05:08.4] JH: Yeah. I’ve met a few that have egos big enough to think that they were just born that way. The vast majority say, “Well, I worked really, really hard and I got lucky,” and I think the luck part is overstated and work hard part and work smart part is understated, but that's really the key. 
[0:05:27.2] MB: What are some of the other kind of common themes you’ve seen from interviewing ghostwriting for and studying and working with so many top achievers?
[0:05:35.7] JH: The biggest one to me is the power of process or the power of routine. People that achieve really big things set out to do so by figuring out what it will take to get there and mapping that out and creating a blueprint and then following that blueprint every day, which is what led me to my whole motivation [inaudible 0:05:56.4], which I'm sure we’ll talk about at some point. But it’s the power of doing the right things every day without fail, which is not always easy to do, but if you do that, success may not be guaranteed, but it's really close and you'll probably get to at least 90% or 95% of whatever it is you wanted to do.
[0:06:16.0] MB: How do we determine what the right thing to do are? 
[0:06:20.3] JH: My favorite — It is actually a chapter in the book that’s called do what the pros do. I think what a lot of us like to do, we all think we’re individuals. It’s like that Monty Python thing where we’re all individuals and the one guy says, “I’m not.” We all think we’re individuals, and so we all have to have this special process or special routine or special approach that is just our own because we are so unique, and actually we’re not, and I know I'm not. So if you look around and find someone who has done whatever it is you want to do, and it could be personal, it could be fitness, it could be business, it could be whatever you want it to be and really look at what they did to get there and create a blueprint based on that and say, “If it was good enough for them, it's good enough for me.”
Too many people try to reinvent a perfectly good wheel and there are all kinds of good wheels out there. Pick one and start and followed, and if it is hard, that’s okay, because the hard part is what actually gets you where you want to be. Then later on down the road as you get good at whatever it is you're doing, you can start to adapt some of that stuff to who you actually are. I have a couple examples of that, but there's no reason to wait until you figured out this perfect process for yourself when there are all kinds of awesome processes out — 
[0:07:40.3] MB: Yeah. That's one of my favorite mental models, the idea of studying what others have done to achieve the goals you want to achieve and then working the process and doing exactly what they’ve done. Many of the things that I've achieved in life are direct result of doing exactly that, studying closely people who have achieved what I want and then trying to emulate and do exactly what they did or follow the process that they did and not spending a bunch of mental energy on reinventing the wheel, but really just trying to cultivate a process based on what has worked for others.
[0:08:10.5] JH: Yeah, a good example of this, and it's a personal thing, but some years ago I was way out of shape and I couldn't run because my knees are terrible and I'm old, but I needed something cardio related. Somebody recommended that I try cycling, and I thought, “Okay. I can try that.” But I hated, hated the idea of it. Hated a bike, hated riding a bike. I went riding the first time and thought it was like hot death. Just hated it. 
What I did was I found a local guy, a mountain biker, Jeremiah Bishop. He’s a professional cyclist and has been for about 20 years and he’s won national championships and all sorts of stuff. I just sat down with him and said, “I want to ride your Gran Fondo. It’s like 110 miles, 4 mountains, 11,000 feet of climbing. It’s just a disastrous thing. I said, “If you were me and you had four months to get ready, what would you do?” and he laid it out for me. The first day, I had to go riding for like two hours, and it was awful and I thought I would die, but I stuck with it, and within a few weeks I felt stronger, I was fitter, I was in better shape. I saw that there was light at the end of that tunnel, and so I just followed his plan. Was it perfect? No, because — But halfway through we realize that I don't respond well to lots of recovery time. I'm better if I do things every day. So we quit building in rest periods, and I did well with that, but I still followed his plan. That idea that we’re unique and we have to find that special something. I think that holds a lot of people back because it causes you to wait, and really success starts with action. 
[0:09:56.6] MB: To me, that's one of the central ideas of achieving results, this idea that many people get confused and think that you would need to be motivated to start taking action, but in many ways it’s actually the reverse that just starting taking action, getting started, making a little bit of progress is really what ultimately creates motivation. 
[0:10:18.2] JH: What happens as we read stories of people who, when they were like five years old, figured out their life's purpose, and that's what they became and we assume that that has to be how it works for us. I don't know anybody like that. I know there are people out there like that, but I don't personally know anyone like that. So waiting for that burst of inspiration that will help you find your passion and will give you all that motivation you need to carry on through the obstacles and the roadblocks and blah-blah-blah, then that means you wait forever. I think it actually works in reverse. I think success, even a really small success, creates — It makes you feel good about yourself. That gives you motivation, and then that causes you to be willing the next day to try again, which leads to success, which leads to motivation, which leads to trying again. 
So I think the motivation actually comes from the action and the small bits of success, not from this lightning bolt that you get upfront, and the cool thing about it is that lightning bolt will always wear off no matter who you are, but if every day you're doing the right things and if nothing else you're feeling good about the fact that today you accomplished what you set out to accomplish, even if it doesn't make you feel like you're getting any better. If you did what you said you were going to do, that feels good. If you think about days when you finally sit back after your day is over and feel like, “Wow! I had a really good day.” It doesn't mean that you bought a new car, got a new house, got a promotion, got all that stuff. That's nice, but usually what makes us feel good is, “Hey, I had stuff I wanted to do today and I didn't. I worked hard. I did what I wanted to do. I feel good about that,” and that carries over into the next day. To me, motivation comes from action, not from inspiration. 
[0:12:03.5] MB: I think many people fall into the trap of sitting around waiting for inspiration to strike, and they end up wasting a tremendous amount of time. I think your example is a great one, because in maybe a business context, it's easier to think about, “Okay. Action creates motivation,” but for someone who's an incredibly prolific writer. You’ve written almost 40 books. In a creative sphere, people think, OH! I have to wait for my muse to strike,” but it doesn't seem like that's necessarily the case. 
[0:12:32.6] JH: No. I think your muse comes from the action. You get ideas from doing things. You get inspiration from actually trying things. I’d never had the blank piece of paper or blank screen syndrome, because every day I get up and my job is to write and I know that. So I have a plan. I know what I'm going to start with and I kind of roll on. Actually, that’s one of my favorite tips for being productive all day, and I’ll give you two really quick. One is the idea that the night before you decide, “What is my most important thing I need to do tomorrow? What matters most?” Set that up the night before so that when you get up and you get to your office or wherever it is you work, that everything is ready for you to do that. You don't do other stuff.  You don't check your email. Nothing. That is what you're going to do, and you knock that out, and when you're done, then you can do your other stuff. But by completing what was really important, you get that motivation to work hard the rest of the day and it builds momentum for the rest of the day, because you achieved what you set out to achieve. You feel good about yourself. That's motivating, and that will create the momentum. For me, that creates this really cool cycle of, “Hey, I did that. that was great. Now I’m going to do this. I did that. That was great.” That’s ease your way into the day thing. I guess it works for some people, but I don't know anybody that's really successful that does that. 
It's more of a, “Let me do something right away that makes me feel good about myself.” Not in a happy way, but in a success and achievement way. That'll make you feel good and that will give you the motivation to keep going. That is my favorite tip to give people who say they have a hard time getting known. 
[0:14:15.6] MB: Yeah. To me, the idea of setting out kind of your most important task the night before is one of the cornerstone productivity strategies that I implement my own life as well. I even will basically set out on Sunday. I’ll kind of do an audit of my previous week and then I'll put together, basically, one to two what I just call MIT's or most important tasks for every day of the week. I’ll set out, “All right. This is Monday MIT. This is my Tuesday MIT,” and the idea, basically, as soon as I start working, before I get sucked into email and all these other busywork and everything else, that I execute those things, basically first thing in the morning. 
The goal of that kind of Sunday review process is to figure out, “Okay. What of the big levers that I can pull? What are the big rocks that I need to move? What are the few things that I can really execute on that are going to make the biggest difference in my business and sort of progressing towards my goals?” 
To me, even if I do nothing that entire week except for execute those four, five most important tasks, that keeps the ball rolling forward and keeps creating the most amount of results possible despite distraction and lack of productivity and busywork and everything else.
[0:15:26.2] JH: That's a really good point and it leads to — It’s kind of like the same thing as the environmental architecture that people use sometimes to eliminate choices so that they do the things that they want to do. What you’re doing on Sunday night is you’re actually eliminating choices during the week about what you might decide to do, because you know what you need to do. You don't have to sit there and think about it. You don't have to decide, “Hmm. Is this more important? Is that more important?” In that moment, which is in the moment is usually when we make the wrong decision, and so you're creating a system where these are the things you’re going to do and you don't even have to think about it. Just like the guy that brings his lunch to work every day and it's a healthy lunch. He doesn't have to decide what he’s going to eat. He does not choose to make a healthier choice and drain a little bit of that willpower. It’s just what you do, and that's your system. 
When you have something like that that is just what you do, it’s really, really easy to follow. It kind of fits into this — There's research around two sets of words. I can't and I don't, and this may get boring, so stop me if it does Researchers tried to experiment where they wanted someone to start or a group of people to start a new habit, a new program. So they each were — Different sets of them were given different things that they would say. Some of them would say, “I can't do this, because I'm trying to do that.” Others said, “I don't do this,” and then another group didn't have any strategy to use at all.
What's funny about it is that 8 out of the 10 people that said I don't actually stuck to the program. One out of 10 said that said I can't stuck to the program, and the people that didn't have a strategy at all, 3 out of 10 of them actually stuck to it. So saying I can’t is actually worse than having no strategy at all, and the theory behind it is if you say I don't, you're identifying with whatever that is. So it fits I don't miss workouts or I don't, let’s say, fail to follow up with people. Whatever it might be, if that's who you are, then it’s not a choice. It's just what you do. If it's I can’t, you're opening yourself up to, “Hmm, I do have a choice.” So I can't have the bowl of ice cream, but you know what? I think I will, because it's okay right now, and you come up with some kind of rationale for why that works. 
In a long-winded way, that goes back to that whole choice architecture of if you layout your most important tasks and you decide them when you have time to reflect and it's not momentary decision, you're much more likely to accomplish them because you're not making choices anymore. 
[0:17:59.2] MB: Yeah, I think that's great, and we love research examples on the show, so I appreciate you kind of bringing that example in as well. 
[0:18:07.2] JH: I have another one then for early in the morning. I talked about I have like my most important thing to do. Some days though I choose to get up and work out first. Again, that's a choice and it’s part of my program. There are a whole bunch of reasons for that. If you're into intermittent fasting, it’s the perfect time to work out. If you have a busy day, it is hard for you to get to the gym in the evening. It's the perfect time to work out, because you can always get up early, but there is research that shows that working out first thing, and I we’re not talking hard. You can do 20 minutes of like moderate cardio, which is getting your heart rate to about, say, 110 beats a minute, which is not super high. If you do 20 minutes of that, you actually improve your mood for like the next 12 hours of the day.
So if you want to feel better and feel a little more like upbeat, not just physically, but emotionally, if you do that first thing in the morning, that kicks off the rest of your day. Whereas if you work out at night, you’re going to go to bed in a few hours, so you lose some of that 12 hours that you could've taken advantage of. 
The key to doing that though is if you work out, and even if you work out hard, you have to have a process that says, “Okay. I’m going to do that. I’m going to take my shower. I’m going to eat,” or whatever it is, “and I'm going to roll right into whatever is my most important task.” if you workout and then say, “Oh, wow! That was tough. I better lay back for a while.” You’ve lost all that momentum that you filled by getting something done right away and you don't get that cool little virtuous flywheel of success, equals motivation, equals success, equals motivation. Working out first thing is an awesome way to start your day both physiologically, but also emotionally, but you have to create a routine that allows you to go right from that to other things that will also keep you rolling. 
[0:19:54.6] MB: I agree. I’m a huge proponent of morning workouts as well, but you're right. The critical point is you have to be able to transition from that work out right into that sort of MIT, most important task, before you get sucked into the whirlwind of emails and phone calls and all of these incessant kind of nonsense that can end up destructing you from the really high leverage activities. 
[0:20:18.6] JH: That leads to an interesting point about that whole rolling into the next thing. There's a book that’s out, it’s fairly recent. It’s called High Performance Habits. It’s by Brendon Burchard, and he studied hundreds of people that have net worths of way more than mine, very successful people, and he looked at how they sustained their energy throughout the day, because the average person, about 2 or 3:00, if you’ve been working pretty hard,  you're starting to tail off, and there are tons of strategies out there for people that say, “Hey, you’re going to tail off.” Do stuff that doesn’t require creativity later in the day, and he found that the high-performing people didn't approach it that way. They thought they could sustain energy all through the day, but what they did is they found recharge moments between activities. 
If you're in a meeting, if it takes 45 minutes and you’ve got 10 minutes until your next meeting starts, most people will use that time to like catch up on emails or take your phone call or do that other stuff that drains more energy. The high-performance people said, “I'll deal with that stuff later. For the next 10 minutes, I'm going to recharge so that I am back in the right frame of mind and I have the right energy for whatever my task is next.” For some of them, it was meditating. Others was a snack. Some took a walk, but they had something that allowed them to actually generate energy from that intermittent period rather than draining more of it away. He's got guys and women that do 12, 14-hour days and end the day really strong, because they are constantly recharging during those little bursts. 
Back to your original point, that's what that morning is for. You get up, you workout. You get the benefits of that, but then you leverage that right into something else that keeps you rolling and not that causes you to just sort of sit back, because if it’s me, if I start that day slow, my whole day is slow. I don't have the oomph to go from vegging for an hour to then converting to high-energy the rest of the day. I have to start strong. 
[0:22:25.1] MB: That kind of balance between stress and recovery is something that a lot of people at the top of the performance psychology field really think about and write about. People like Josh Waitzkin, who’s one of my all-time favorite sort of performance psychology expert, or Michael Gervais, we’ve interviewed on the show in the past, talk about these ideas of having these undulating periods between stress and recovery and how vital recovery is to peak performance. 
[0:22:52.0] JH: Yeah. It’s the same with like — If you workout — You’re familiar with interval training. It’s the same principle there, where you do a burst. You have a small recovery period. You do another burst, and over time that actually makes you fitter than the person who just grinds it out, and I think with high-performing people, the ability to go in those intervals and to do a burst and a recovery and a burst and recovery is what makes them have greater stamina period, which leads to [inaudible 0:23:22.6]. I mean not stamina, just physically, but mentally and decision-making and everything. That leads them then to be able to do that over longer periods of time without feeling like they've gotten so drained that they need a break or they need a vacation right away or they just have to stop. The antidote I think to burnout is not to work less, but to create more chances to recharge. 
[0:23:45.4] MB: How do you think about balancing the kind of notion and the idea of sort of hustle and hard work and he who works hardest the longest wins, versus the importance of kind of stress and recovery and having these recovery periods. What's the right balance between those two things?
[0:24:08.7] JH: If we knew that, we do it. I think that that starts with — That hard-work and hustle, there are plenty of people that work hard, but they're not necessarily working hard at the right things. So I think that it's a little bit like your Sunday night routine where you step back and say, “Okay. What are the right things that I need to do this week?” and you're going to work really hard at them, but you're going to identify those. 
I know a lot of people that start businesses that they work endless amounts of hours, but a lot of what they're doing doesn't generate revenue, doesn't create new customers, doesn't create efficiency. It's just work, and there is a difference between the right things and just working. That I think is the place to start. 
Like for me, some years ago, I like I got pretty busy and I don't have a staff and I was writing a lot of books and writing all kinds of stuff and I got tied up with lots of things that were ancillary to that, and I finally one day kind of step back and say, “Okay. Where do I create my value? I create value by writing, and all the other stuff is interesting in its busywork, but it doesn't actually generate any revenue and it doesn't create value, so I stripped away a bunch of it and I've farmed out the little bit that was left. 
I think that's the first place to start is what are the right things and what leads to success in a predictable way. Then I think you have to kind of take a step back and say, “Okay. What supports that?” For me, fitness helps support what I do and I enjoy it. So I could do that. Clearly family and all the other things around also do that as well. I think if you focus on the right things and do those, you can free up some time that allows you to do to recharge things, but there is no one-size-fits-all clearly. What do you think?
[0:25:52.4] MB: I think it comes down to, kind of as you said, one of the most important things, and this harkens back to sort of the Sunday ritual and all these other pieces of the puzzle that we've been talking about. But it's all about what I call high leverage thinking, which is basically the idea of identifying the leverage points of where it's worth to invest your time and where you should be outsourcing, delegating, etc., and constantly asking yourself that question, “Do I need to do this? How can I outsource or delegate this to someone else? What are the really key things that I personally need to be focusing my time on?” 
I think if you can master that, then it's almost a recursive process where you keep applying the same set of questions to whatever current sort of set of problems you have are, and every time you apply this set of questions, you weed out some tasks, you delegate some tasks, etc., and then you do that again and again and again and you keep getting more and more leverage as you apply that. 
[0:26:49.6] JH: That set of question things is interesting and there's — In the book I write about Herb Kelleher, he’s the CEO of Southwest Airlines, and he makes dozens, if not hundreds of decisions today, but basically he applies the same framework to each one of those questions. Will this make Southwest Airlines the low-cost provider? Does that in any way help us be the low-cost provider? If it does, then he'll look at it, and maybe it's a yes. If it doesn't, then it becomes a no. I think that's important for people to do, not to be the low-cost provider, but to figure out what is it that you want to be. If you're an entrepreneur, will this help my business grow? If it's yes, yeah look at it. If it isn't, then it's a no. If you’re trying to get fitter, will this make me fitter? Will this help me be whatever it is I'm trying to become? If it will, cool. If it doesn't, well, then you can set that aside. 
If you just apply that one question too pretty much anything that comes up during your day, it actually strips away a lot of that fluff and get you to the core of what you're really trying to do. 
[0:27:55.0] MB: Circling back to kind of the idea we’re talking about a little bit earlier and just another thing made me think of, when I think about action, creating motivation, one of the pieces that really seems effective for me, it's not just even about — I think the MITs and the daily — Kind of executing those high-leverage tasks every day is critical and I think that's how you make the big moves and the big changes in your business and in your life, but I think to get the motivation even sometimes to get into sort of a productivity mindset, sometimes for me the smallest little things make a big difference, and that's — I think of a couple days ago, I just had a stack of mail that have been sitting on my desk and I was kind of listless and not really doing anything and I just went through the mail. I like kind of answered a couple of the letters. I wrote a check and like put it in an envelope, mailed it. Started doing all these stuff, and then like an hour and a half later I had like done all of these things and it all started with that really simple act of just cleaning up that pile of mail that had been sitting there. Sometimes just cleaning off your desk or just organizing something, those little tiny wins in many cases kind of snowball into a productivity burst that will last, in many cases, for a couple hours. 
[0:29:11.6] MB: To me, strikes me — I kind of characterize that as that breaking a sweat principal, where if you're thinking about — Like when I was cycling a lot, sometimes I would have to go on like five-hour rides or something and I would — Ahead of time you’re just dreading the crap out of it. Don't want to go. Don't want to do it, but if you can just get started and break that first swat, then all that stuff goes away and then you're engaged and then you’re rolling. 
for you to pick up that first piece of mail, that's all you really needed to kind of get past the hump, but sometimes it's really hard to think about starting, and I think that's because the distance between “here and there” is so great. If you're — I don’t know. Let's go bigger. If you're trying to — Say you want to run a marathon, but you're not a runner. If you go out and run a mile today and that was hard and you’ve let yourself think about the fact that someday you have to run 26, the distance between here and there is massive and it is demotivating and depressing and you will probably stop. If all you decided was, “Hey, I’m going to run on mile today. That's my goal. That’s my routine, and if I run that mile, I get to feel good about myself, because I did what I was supposed to do.” That carries you on to the next day. 
For you, you pick up the one. You do something with it. You throw it away or you put it in the mail. That's cool. Let me do the next and the next, and so you just focus on what's next and suddenly you get your really big places. That's the power of numbers to me where you create a routine that just allows you to accumulate numbers, then you can get to a really cool place at the other end. 
Last year, like I did 100,000 push-ups, that was something I decided I would do, and I broke it down into 374 a day. If on January 1 I had thought about the fact I had to do 100,000. It would've been hot death, but all I had to do is 374, and I can do 374. By the end of the year, I've done 100,000, which is a meaningless accomplishment other than that it proved to me that if you put your head down and do the work, you can eventually pop up and look around and say, “Wow! I did something really cool.”
[0:31:25.7] MB: I think that's great, and that is kind of the next topic I wanted to dive into, which is you’ve written and talked a lot about this, the power of process and routine and how that — You touched on this kind of at the opening of the conversation, but how these routines in many cases are really kind of the secrets that’s underpinned successful achievers.
[0:31:45.6] JH: I think a routine — When you first start to do something. Let's say you get promoted and you’re a supervisor. Okay, you’ve got the title. Maybe you’ve got the clipboards. You’ve got all the stuff. So you’re a supervisor, but that doesn't mean you're a leader. People who are leaders have actually motivated people, inspired people, developed people, trained people, brought groups, helped people achieve things. There’s all that stuff that goes into being a leader, and by having your routine that allows you to do that, at some point you don't look at yourself as a supervisor anymore. You look at yourself as a leader. 
In the fitness world, if you start out trying to run a marathon. Well, you're somebody that’s trying to run a marathon. Somewhere down the road though, you become runner, and that becomes this intrinsic thing that allows you to shape how you see the world and how you see yourself, which is a very motivating thing. When you feel like you’re runner, it’s much easier to go running. When you feel like you're a leader, it's much easier to walk into that room and try to inspire the people that work for you. That routine takes you to really cool places, which I know is not the question that you asked me, but the power of routine is that it allows you to start to see yourself differently, and when you see yourself differently, that informs your actions and makes what you do much, much easier. If you're a parent, you don't have to motivate yourself to take care of your kids. You're a parent. You take care of that. So you can use that power of routine to help you become other things, which will then make it really, really easy to do things that you need to do, because that's who you are. 
[0:33:24.5] MB: You're probably listening to the show because you want to master new skills and abilities that you can use to live a rich and rewarding life. That's why I'm excited to tell you once again about our incredible sponsor for this show, Skillshare. Skillshare is an online learning community with over 16,000 courses in design, business and more. 
You can learn everything from logo design, to social media marketing, to street photography, and they offer unlimited access to all of their courses for a low monthly price, so you never have to pay per course again. They have some awesome courses on though that I personally love including mastering Evernote, getting in the mind mapping, which is an incredible skillset, learning how to draw, and much more. 
If you want to get a leg up on graphic design, social media, even your culinary knife skills, be sure to check out Skillshare. Right now they're offering an incredible value to our listeners. You can get three months of Skillshare for just $0.99. Go to skillshare.com/success99 to redeem this offer. You can get three months for $0.99. They’ve been incredible sponsor. They’ve been supporting the show for months. Go check out their website. It's absolutely awesome. 
Now back to the show. 
[0:34:40.5] MB: How do you — For somebody who's thinking about kind of this daunting task or goal, let’s say the hundred thousand push-ups. How do you divorce that end goal from the kind of day-to-day activity so that you stay motivated?
[0:34:57.1] JH: That’s something that I’ve found at least by talking to incredibly successful people. They have that ultimate goal, and it's as if they set the goal, but then they forget that and they focus on all the things that it would take to get them there. So some weird little mental shift you have to make, but you really have to just say, “Yeah, that’s my end goal. That's cool. I know this is where I'm going, but what I really care about is routine and the process that will help me get to that place,” and it takes a little bit of time to adjust to, but if you give yourself three or four days, like with the push-up thing. I gave myself three to four days and I said, “No matter what, no matter how this feels, I'm at least going to get to Friday.”
By Friday, I had started to embrace the, “You know, all I really have to do is check this off on my little calendar,” and that's cool and I've done that and that feels good and I, for the most part, had forgotten about the end result, because I really was just worried about the day. That leads me — It's kind of a tangent, but it leads me to some other research that shows that people who talk about their intentions are much less likely to follow through on those intentions. 
So let's say that you planned to hike the Appalachian Trail. It’s from Georgia to Maine, runs up the Eastern Seaboard. Plenty of people have done it, but it’s like 2,200 miles, I think. Let's say you want to do that, and so you say to me, “Hey, I’m going to hike the Appalachian Trail,” and you talk about the stuff you're going to buy and you talk about the fact that you’re going to trail name, because everybody gets a nickname and they go by the nickname, not by the real name. You talk about all that stuff. Research shows that the act of just talking about that makes you much less likely to do it, because you have gotten some of the little emotional and mental kick out of imagining it that you would've actually gotten from achieving it. I’ll tell that to people and they will say, “Yeah, but I need the power peer pressure and I need to tell people my plans, because that way they can hold me to them.” That's really cool, and if you need that, that's great. Tell people what you're going to do. Tell people your routine to get there, not the actual getting there. 
So if it's preparing to hike the Appalachian Trail, tell people, “Hey, for the next month I'm going to do X, Y, and Z,” and then if they want to check in with you to make sure you’ve done the things that you need to do to prepare, that's cool, and there's your peer pressure, but not, “I plan to do X,” and then talk about it as if you've already gotten there, because that kill your motivation to actually do that stuff. It’s a little bit like the — There's other research that shows that the act of planning a vacation is almost as fun as taking the vacation. People that spend months planning vacation get all that fun and anticipation and enjoyment out of the vacation, and actually once they’ve taken it, their happiness set point goes back down to where it was before they took the vacation. It's the same thing here. Imagining yourself in a certain place or doing a certain thing, and that's fine, and yet that also makes it harder to do the thing, if doing whatever that is requires hard work and dedication and some degree of perseverance. 
[0:38:09.9] MB: Yeah, I think the principal exactly as you described it, which is this idea that just by talking about it, you're getting some of the kind of psychological and emotional rewards of dreaming about achieving it. So you're demotivating yourself in some sense. 
[0:38:26.4] JH: Absolutely. I know you’ve had Charles Duhigg on your podcast and he's obviously an expert on habits and creating habits and stuff, and one of his methods for building a new habit is you got the stimulus and you got the action, and then you have the reward, and that dreaming and thinking about a thing is a reward or maybe it's a tangible reward, like if you —We’ll use my marathon example again. If you have to go run 5 miles today and your reward the other end is you can spoil yourself. I think that reward wears off after a while, because you're used to. 
A much better reward is to — And this is what I used to do when I was cycling a lot. I would come home, get off the bike, sit in a little stool outside, drink some water and just think, “Wow! I just rode 55 miles in X amount of time. That feels awesome,” and I would just sit there and feel good about the fact of what I did, and that became my reward. I sort of had to train myself to see that as the reward, but I got to where I really look forward to that, because it was — I don’t know. It was a chance to kind of sit there quietly in yourself and say, “Huh! I did that. That was hard and I did that and that feels really good.” 
If you can create that intrinsic reward rather than, “If I go running, then I get to have a bowl of ice cream kind of reward.” That takes you to that place where you could come something and it makes it much more easy to stick with your routine, because you don't need external reward. You're getting it from inside.
[0:39:59.9] MB: I want to get specific and talk a little bit about your writing habit and your writing process. How did you develop that process and what is your kind of habit look like? Because, I mean, many people fantasize about writing kind of a single book and get overwhelmed and never even complete that task, and writing 40 books is obviously tremendously more, plus all the articles and everything else. How did you go from somebody who was a factory manager to an incredibly prolific writer and how did you develop that process and what is it look like today?
[0:40:34.5] JH: The early motivation was that I left a very good job and went to a job where if it was to be, it was up to me, and if money was going to come in, I had to produce. So that was incredibly motivating, and it cost me to work a lot of hours. 
If we talk about books, you can think, “Hey, wow!” book is, say, 300 pages, “that’s so much. I don't know how I'm going to get from here to there,” but a book is really just a series of connected ideas or connected strategies or tips or whatever, whatever it may be that takes you on a journey from A to Z and leaves you at the other end, hopefully motivated, informed, maybe a little entertained, ready to do something. At least if it's nonfiction and if it's in the how to kind of world, which is where I tend to live. It’s just a series and it’s just a lot of little chunks, and so that fits perfectly within my idea of process, because I don't have to write the whole book. If it's today, I have to write this, this and this and I know that that will then lead to other stuff and that will lead to other things that I've mapped out and I'm confident enough now that if I get to a certain place and I say, “Wow! This took a different turn. I found some research that caused me to look at this differently. I talk to someone that caused me to change my perspective on this.” Well, then I can adapt and it all becomes part of a whole, but a book is a lot of little chunks along the way. 
My goal with anything that I do, because I am the king of being afraid of the too daunting challenge, I can turn something easy into something that seems impossible really easily in my mind. So I just break it down into what do I have to do today, tomorrow, the next day? What are the pieces and parts? And let's start assembling that puzzle. Each time I get a little piece or part done, I feel good about that, because it’s like, “Okay. Got that. Got that. Connected this. Put that together,” and some day you wake up and you've got a manuscript, which I know sounds simplistic, but it really is that way. I'm all about, “Let me break this down into component parts and then let me start accomplishing the parts.” 
[0:42:46.1] MB: Do you set a quota for yourself or X-number of words per day or per week or something like that, or how do you structure that piece of it in terms of it's like the 300 push-ups a day? What is that kind of daily goal? 
[0:42:58.7] JH: I used to have daily goals. I don't anymore, because I've gotten good enough at the process part of it and the sticking with it part that I don't need like a quota to keep me going. Some days it comes easier. Some days it comes harder, and if you have a quota and you're thinking, “Well, I need 5,000 words today and I'm only 3,000 and I’ve been at this for eight hours and how am I ever going to get there?” That can cause you to give less focus or attention to stuff that she really should be working harder on. You might give short shrift to something that you should be working harder on. 
I don't really do that, and what that means is that some days — Let's pretend that 5,000 words a day is my goal. It's not, but let’s pretend. Then if I hit 3,000 today, but I know that I was doing the right things and what I created was good, then that's okay, because tomorrow I might do seven or eight, because I may really get into the flow and it may come really easily. So I don't do word count totals. When I first started, and I was mostly writing articles for other people as a ghostwriter, I did have some quotas for myself, because it was revenue-based. I knew I was going to get X-amount per article and I knew I needed X-amount of money per day, per week, per month to kind of meet the targets I had for myself. So then I definitely did break it down and say, “Okay. I need to do —” Let's pretend. “I need to do six articles a day, because that's how I'm going to hit my targets,” and so that’s what I’m going to do. If it takes me 14 hours to get there. It takes me 14 hours to get there. If it takes me six, then cool. I’m going to [inaudible 0:44:35.1] or something like that. 
I think you have to adapt that to what you're doing, but early on I think it does help to create some quotas for yourself. Otherwise you end up fluffing around and turning the right things to do into things that you think you should do or that are more fun to do that don't actually contribute to your success. 
[0:44:57.6] MB: So what would one kind of action or piece of homework be that you would give to listeners to start concretely kind of implementing some of the ideas that we’ve talked about today?
[0:45:08.5] JH: One of my favorite ones is really simple, and it's another one that's based on research. There are a number of studies and one in particular that shows that if you want to be — Let’s say you want to be happier. I think that's a goal we can all probably embrace. If you write five times a day, if you find five ways to say thank you to or to express gratitude or appreciation or to say something positive to someone that you know. It can be, “Thanks for doing this.” It can be, “Wow! You did that really well.” It could be, “You made this difference in my life.” Whatever it may be. If you do that five times a day and you do that for eight weeks, which sounds like a lot, but really shouldn't be if you think about it, then people's happiness set point, which we all have one, increased by about 50% over that 8-week period. So they felt happier simply by saying nice things, making a difference in other people's lives. That's a really cool thing and that is the power of process and that's the power of numbers, and that by doing things and accumulating numbers of those things, you can get yourself to a really cool point. I think that would be a really fun place to start, because who doesn't want to feel like they've made a positive difference in somebody else's life and who doesn't want to be a little bit happier? 
[0:46:31.1] MB: Where can listeners find you and your various works online?
[0:46:35.6] JH: The easiest place is probably inc.com. Just search my name and you will find about 1,300 articles or so. My book comes out on January 9th. It’s called Motivation Myth, and it will be on Amazon and everywhere else, and there's an audiobook version which based on my voice. You can tell they did not ask me to read. I don't think anyone wants to hear my southern nasal twang for three or four hours, and that's pretty much it. I’m easy to find. 
[0:47:04.0] MB: Jeff, thank you so much for coming on the show, sharing all these wisdom with the listeners, tons of actionable insights and valuable ideas. 
[0:47:12.8] JH: Oh, you’re welcome. Can I make one more point really quick?
[0:47:15.3] JH: Yeah, absolutely. 
[0:47:17.2] JH: This applies to you and it will clearly resonate with you I'm sure. You're doing the podcast, but then you're also at French Hospitality, so you’re an “and” with quotes around that word. You’re a person who does this and this and this, and I think there are so much information out there that says people should specialize and they should focus and they should even hyper-focus and find these really small niches within which to succeed, and I think that's true, but I also think it's true that you can be a number of different things either at the same time or you can have what I call serial achievement moments where you go and do one thing, achieve it, pick something else you're interested in, work hard, initiate that. those are both really, really cool things. If you’re person at home who is not as satisfied with the things you’ve done, want there to be more to your life, want to achieve more things, want to be more successful, however you decide to define that, because you get to define success, then just take something you're interested in and start and create a process for yourself. Look around, find one that someone else has used that will get you started, and then put your head down and do some work. 
Even if it doesn't lead to anything that makes you wildly successful, you'll learn a ton along the way. You'll have fun doing it, and it may lead you to whatever it is that you choose to do next. So my best advice is always stop talking, stop thinking, stop dreaming and just start doing, because really good things happen when you start doing. 
[0:48:56.2] MB: Great advice, Jeff. Thank you so much for adding that at the end. Once again, thank you for coming on the show. Great insight, great conversation. I really enjoyed having you on here. 
[0:49:05.9] JH: Thanks, sir. It was awesome. Thank you very much. 
[0:49:08.6] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created the show to help you, our listeners, master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story or just say hi, shoot me an email. My email is matt@success podcast.com. That's matt@successpodcast.com. I'd love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener email. 
I'm to give you three reasons why you should sign up for email list today by going to success podcast.com, signing up right on the homepage. There are some incredible stuff that’s only available to those on the email list, so be sure to sign up, including an exclusive, curated weekly email from us called Mindset Monday, which is short, simple, filled with articles, stories, things that we found interesting, fascinating in the world of evidence-based growth in the last week. 
Next, you're going getting the exclusive chance to shape the show, including voting on guests, submitting your own personal questions that we’ll ask guests on air and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get free guide we created based on listener demand, our most popular guide which is called How to Organize and Remember Everything. You can get it completely for free along with another surprise bonus guide by signing up and joining the email us today. Again, you can do that at successpodcast.com, sign up right at the homepage, or if you're on the go, just text the word “smarter”, S-M-A-R-T-E-R to the number 44222. 
Remember, that the greatest compliment you can give us is a referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe in iTunes, because that helps boost the algorithm that helps us move up the iTunes rankings and helps more people discover the Science of Success. Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in the show, links, transcripts, everything we discussed and much more, be sure to check out our show notes. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just at the show notes button right at the top. 
Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of the Science of Success.

January 18, 2018 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
ToddDavis-01.png

Proven Practices For Building The Ultimate Competitive Advantage with Todd Davis

November 22, 2017 by Lace Gilger in Focus & Productivity

In this episode we discuss the proven strategies building effective relationships, why it’s vital to understand that the results you get in the world are a result of working with other people, how you can see the world from other people’s perspectives, tactics for building your credibility, how to get better feedback and much more with Todd Davis. 

Todd Davis is the Executive Vice President and Chief People Officer at Franklin Covey and author of the new book Get Better: 15 Proven Practices to Build Effective Relationships at Work. Todd is responsible for Franklin Covey’s global talent development in over 40 offices in 160 countries and previously served as director of innovations, developing many of the company’s core offerings.

  • The culture of an organization can make all the difference

  • The nature of relationships between people becomes a companies ultimate competitive advantage

  • Todd’s lessons from working with and coaching hundreds of companies and executives

  • What did Sarte mean when he said that “Hell is other people?”

  • The ultimate way you are measured is by the results you get

  • You get your results WITH and THROUGH and other people

  • What we see determines everything we do, and what we do determines the results we get

  • Consider stepping back and understanding that their may be a different way to view things - that can powerfully impact your relationships

  • Ask yourself “have you considered the other person’s perspective?”

  • An exercise can you use right now to start to see the world from other people’s perspectives

  • The power of examining your real motives

  • How to avoid the pitfall of self deception

  • Journaling exercise you can use to understand your real motives

  • “The Five Whys” - keep asking why until you get to the root cause

  • The most effective, successful, and influential people start with themselves first

  • Be the change you seek in others

  • Your circle of influence vs your circle of concern

  • Why you should focus your time, energy, effort, and resources on things that you can impact and control

  • The power of asking “Can you help me understand something?”

  • Start with humility - the power of having humility in dealing with tough conversations

  • Proactive, effective people don’t wait for feedback, they actively go and seek it out

  • The 4 common reasons why we don’t seek feedback (and what you can do about them)

  • A great opening line for dealing with tough conversations and situations

  • Seeking validation vs actually seeking feedback

  • How to “behave your way to credibility”

  • The 2 key components for credibility - character and competence

  • The importance of taking the long view when building credibility

  • An exercise you can use to build your credibility over the long term

  • The single biggest mistake of influencing other people - not “walking your talk”

  • Make sure someone deeply understands your intent

  • How to communicate effectively with someone who is in an emotional state

  • When emotions are high - that’s not the moment to start addressing the problem

  • With people - "fast is slow and slow is fast"

  • Take the time to let someone share, just try to understand them

  • The socratic method of influencing people - if you ask the right questions, seek understanding, and uncover the real issues - you can solve serious problems

  • Todd shares a personal story that deeply impacts the lessons we discuss in the show

  • In the end, relationships are the most important thing.

iTunes Button.png
Stitcher Button.png
Android Button.png
YouTube.png

Thank you so much for listening!

Please SUBSCRIBE and LEAVE US A REVIEW on iTunes! (Click here for instructions on how to do that).

SkillShare.png

This Episode of The Science of Success is brought to you by our partners at Skillshare! For a limited time, Skillshare is offering our listeners One Month of UNLIMITED ACCESS ABSOLUTELY FREE! Just go towww.skillshare.com/success to redeem your free unlimited month NOW!

Are you a professional looking to get a leg-up at work? Or just someone who just loves learning new things? Are you looking to do your job better?

Want to add some impressive skills to your resume? Skillshare is an online learning community with over sixteen thousand classes in design, business, and more. You can learn everything from logo design to social media marketing to street photography. Unlimited access to all of this for a low monthly price – never pay PER class again!

Again, Skillshare is giving our listeners a month of unlimited access - absolutely FREE! Go to
www.skillshare.com/success to redeem your free month!

SHOW NOTES, LINKS, & RESEARCH

  • [Book] The SPEED of TRUST: The One Thing That Changes Everything by Stephen M .R. Covey,‎ Stephen R. Covey, and‎ Rebecca R. Merrill

  • [Book] The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Personal Workbook by Stephen R. Covey

  • [Book Site] Get Better: 15 Proven Practices To Build Effective Relationships at Work by Todd Davis

Episode Transcript


[TRANSCRIPT BODY HERE][00:00:06.4] ANNOUNCER: Welcome to The Science of Success introducing your host, Matt Bodnar.

[0:00:11.8] MB: Welcome to the Science of Success; the number one evidence-based growth podcast on the internet with more than a million downloads and listeners in over a hundred countries. In this episode, we discuss the proven strategies for building effective relationships, why it’s vital to understand that the results you get in the world come from working with other people, wow you can see the world from another person’s perspective, the tactics for building your credibility, how to get better feedback and much, much more with our guest, Todd Davis.

I’m going to give you three reasons why you should join our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the  homepage. First, you’re going to get awesome free guides that we create based on listener demand, including our most popular guide how to organize and remember everything. What you can get completely for free, along with another sweet bonus guide. But you got to sign up to discover what it is by join the e-mail list today. Next, you’re going to get a curated weekly e-mail from us every single week called Mindset Monday. Listeners have been absolutely loving this e-mail; it’s short, simple, a few articles and stories that we found interesting in the last week.

Lastly, you’re going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show. You can vote on guests, you can change our intro music, which we voted on a couple weeks ago in e-mail list. You can even submit questions to upcoming guests. Be sure to sign up, check out the e-mail list. There’s amazing stuff that’s only available to subscribers who are on our e-mail list and you can sign up just by going to successpodcast.com, putting your e-mail in right there on the homepage, or if you’re on the go right now just text the word “smarter”, that’s “smarter” to the number 44222. Again, just text the word ‘smarter’ to the number 44222.

In our previous episode, we discussed how our guest went from a childhood head injury to becoming an accelerated learning expert. We covered memory, speed reading, improving your focus, taking notes like an expert and went deep into the tactics of accelerated learning. We talked about the importance of mastering the fundamentals and got into tons of highly specific and actionable advice that you can use starting right now with our guest, Jim Quick. If you want to master your mind and your ability to learn, be sure to listen to that episode.

[0:02:42.0] MB: Today, we have another awesome guest on the show, Todd Davis. Todd is the Executive Vice President and Chief People Officer at FranklinCovey and the author of the new book, Get Better: 15 Proven Practices to Build Effective Relationships at Work. He’s responsible for FranklinCovey’s global talent development in over 40 offices in a 160 countries and previously served as director of innovation, developing many of the company’s core offerings. 

Todd, welcome to The Science of Success.

[0:03:10.3] TD: Thanks, Matt. Pleased to be here.

[0:03:12.1] MB: Well, we’re super excited to have you on. I’d love to start out, when – there’s so much knowledge in the book. When you talk about the idea of effective relationships, what does that mean?

[0:03:25.6] TD: Well, I think it’s a widely held belief and a true on that culture matters. The culture of a team, of an organization, of a company can make all the difference. It’s how we define culture. We say all the time that people are our greatest assets. That’s true. It’s actually the nature of the relationships between those people that I’ve seen become an organization or a team or a company’s ultimate competitive advantage, if you will.

It’s important to have the right people on the bus, as Jim Colin says. Then it takes it to a whole different level when you focus on and have really effective relationships between that talent.

[0:04:09.1] MB: I think that’s a great point. It really underscores, it’s not just about finding and sourcing great people, but the way that they work together is really essential to achieving any kind of results.

[0:04:20.4] TD: Exactly. The speed with which you can work, and the trust levels are high when the interactions, when there is no hidden agenda, all of those things play into really the bottom line of the company or organization when you can have effective relationships.

In my role, in my career really for the last 30 years, I’ve observed and coached leaders at all levels in organizations. From the literally hundreds of principles and tools and paradigms contained in FranklinCovey’s world-class solutions, I’ve seen because of the role I’m in, I’ve seen time and time again those specific behaviors or practices that really accelerate relationships. Therefore, people’s influenced, or you’ll trip them up, including myself. A lot of these came from my own mistakes and trial and error. That’s what I’ve honed down into this book you mentioned 15 Proven Practices to Build Effective Relationships at Work.

[0:05:22.4] MB: I want to dig into a number of the practices, but before we start, I want to zoom out and talk more about this notion that you talk about the idea that you get most of your results with and through other people.

[0:05:39.4] TD: Right. In fact, I was just doing a keynote in Florida yesterday talking about a play that some people have heard of, is written by the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre called No Exit. The play begins with these three people in the afterlife. They find themselves, these three souls I guess we’ll call them, find themselves in this room with no door and where the windows are completely bricked up, thus the title No Exit.

Does it surprise us to learn that the structure really irritate each other. Because they irritate each other, they try to change or fix each other and that doesn’t go so well and it only serves to escalate their frustration.

While it’s only a play, think about it, how often do we find ourselves with other people who irritate or who annoy us? We try and change, or fix them in some sentimental way. Well in the play, these three characters start to realize that hell isn’t fire and brimstone, or the torture chamber they had imagined. But in fact, hell is other people, and people who won’t do what we want them to do.

Why is this important into your question? Well, while we’re all measured in a lot of different ways and we have different responsibilities, and so lots of different ways to measure us, the ultimate measure for every one of us regardless of your role, your job, is by the results we get.

How do you get your results? Unless you are a pro golfer, or maybe you run a company where you’re the only employee, the rest of us, you and I, all of us, we get our results with and through other people.

Relationships are critical to all the very important goals that we need to achieve. That’s the point is that we get our results not by ourselves, but within through others. It behooves us to really focus on how to make those relationships more effective.

[0:07:30.2] MB: Such a critical thing to understand. Unless you’re essentially a chess player, or pro poker player maybe, something where you’re solely competing just on individual ability, the vast majority of everything that you do in life, really one of the core competencies necessary to do that is to deeply understand and be able to interact with an influence to other people.

In many ways, that’s what we focus on in the show and why the show really – our podcast even began initially was the fascination of mine of like, how can I build a really robust toolkit for influencing and interacting with others?

[0:08:11.5] TD: Such great point. Every day and my role as chief people officer, I’m working with people. I just had an experience this morning incidentally with an e-mail that was sent to me by an irate account executive that works for us. This person is furious with this other person. Not that we shouldn’t be upset, not that we shouldn’t voice our concerns and try to help each other improve, but if we could just embrace the principle that you just shared, we get things done through others.

If we can embrace that and work with that and not fight against it, and not have this – it’s not intentional, but think, “Oh, I’m on my own in this. I got to drive this whole thing. I am the super starter, whatever.” But no, we embrace the fact that we all work together. Those people that do that are much happier, much healthier and most importantly are more effective, not just in their professional live, but in their entire life and their personal lives as well.

[0:09:06.2] MB: What is that conclusion that we get our results within through others. How does that impact our behavior?

[0:09:14.9] TD: Well, it’s a mindset really. It all starts out with a mindset. Of the 15 practices, you could – if you pick up the book, you can go to any one of the practices that resonate with you and hopefully be all will, except for start with practice one. Because practice one, which I call wear glasses that work, is all about the way we see the world. What we see determines everything we do.

Of course, we all know what we do gives us the results we get. But it all starts with the glasses that we’re wearing. In fact, I remember as a young child receiving my first actual pair of glasses, real glasses, I was in the 2nd grade. This might sound silly, but I put those on and for the first time, I could see the leaves, the detail of the leaves upon the trees.

I thought honestly before that situation with the real glasses, I thought that that green blurry mass is what you and everybody else saw when they looked up on the trees. That’s the challenge is that we see things and believe that the way we’re seeing them is accurate. Sometimes it is. I’m not saying straw out all of your strongly held opinions, but consider stepping back and understanding that there might be a different way to do things.

It starts with relationships, realizing that we’re part of a much bigger piece of the picture here. When we can have that mindset and that paradigm, if you will, then we’re in a position to look at everything that we do differently, our behaviors. In fact, this person I was just referring to this morning with this e-mail, stepping back – I’m not saying don’t be frustrated and saying, “Hmm. I  wonder why this person gets frustrated. But I wonder why her response was that way. I wonder why she’s choosing to do things this way.”

Well, we can start to ask ourselves those questions working in what we call our circle of influence would become much more effective and get to a solution much quicker than those people who just want to stew and rant and rave.

[0:11:09.2] MB: How do we start to put ourselves in other’s shoes, or see the world from other people’s perspectives?

[0:11:17.5] TD: Yeah, great question. I was doing an interview a week or so ago and I was asked the question. This person said, “If people were waiting to talk to you –” it’s not like I have a doctor’s office or anything, and nor am I a psychiatrist. But they said, “If people were waiting to talk to you and you had a sign out in your waiting area, what would that sign read?” That really got me thinking.

I came to the conclusion that the sign I would put there would read, “Have you considered the other person’s perspective? Have you considered the other person’s perspective?” So that’s the — [inaudible 0:11:49.5], but that’s the point is that taking time to consider a different way to look at things. So the practical application of that, when I coach people and I’ve used this for myself many times, coach people to do is look at a situation or a relationship that’s not going as well as you like to, a circumstance or a person.

Let’s say I’m really odd with this person. I’m frustrated for how many reasons. I have them go ahead and list the reasons. Write it down. You don’t need to be with somebody to do this, but write down all of the reasons that make this situation frustrating, or this person frustrated to you.

Then what I ask them to do is go through that list of reasons, those words or descriptors, encircle those that are facts. They say, “Well, how do I know if they’re facts?” Well, for my activity here I say if they’re facts, you could share this with five other people, know the situation, know the people and they would agree with you that those things you circled are facts.

Now we’d have to back up a little bit. “Okay, well maybe I circled 10 of them. But maybe seven of them would fall into that.” Okay, great. Even if nine out of 10 fall into that, look at the one, or those that aren’t circled. Those are your opinions. Now they’re strongly held opinions and they may be accurate, but nevertheless, they’re opinions.

Take the time now to consider, “What if I were to look at this opinion in a different way?” It sounds really basic and elementary. I tell you, it’s magic when you do this. You all of a sudden realize, “Boy, I’ve been saying all along and believing that Marietta is really lazy.” I made that name up. Marietta is really lazy.

We’re never going to give her anything that we got to have that on timer, because she’s really lazy. If I go to the activity I just shared with you and I think, “Well, I don’t know that everybody else would agree with that.” Then I start to ask myself, “Why am I so convinced Marietta is lazy? Maybe she’s not lazy. I think there’s something else going on that I haven’t taken time to consider. Maybe she’s not engaged in this project for a different – or maybe there is –

You see all the considerations that I can start to give that now. Again, sounds really elementary. It works wonders to help us start to see maybe a different set of lenses we might want to put on regarding a person or a situation.

[0:14:00.6] MB: I think that exercise really underscores the importance more broadly of self-reflection in this whole process and the idea of taking responsibility for your own results and outcomes. Putting the burden on yourself to be the person who pushes yourself, who takes that banner and tries to create the change you want to see.

[0:14:25.5] TD: Yeah. You’re exactly right, Matt. In fact, practice number nine – By the way, in the book each of the chapters and practices, they end with an application, a practical application like the one I just shared with you. But practice number nine to your point is called examine your real motives.

You just hit on it. It’s stepping back, only you know what your real motives are. No one can tell you what they are. You are the only one that knows what your real motives are. If I’m in a meeting and I feel like I need to talk or share an opinion is because I believe that that thought that I want to share is really going to contribute to the subject, or the problem we’re addressing.

Or am I feeling a need to talk, because everybody else is talking. Gosh, I want my boss to know that I’m a smart person too, because I’m trying to get up with something intelligent to say. That’s again a reflection point of saying, “What is my real motive here?”

Well, to the earlier point with lazy Marietta, and if your name is Marietta and you’re listening, I’m not talking about you. What is my real motive? Examine your real motive. Is my motive to help if I’m a leader, to help grow and develop people, including Marietta has on my team? Or is my motive to be the superstar that brings this on time. I don’t care what I think of others, if my motive to maybe label people, because like wasn’t doing that intentionally, I realize that’s making me feel better about myself.” All of those things are absolutely what you say just a reflection, stepping back and deciding what are my real motives here?

[0:16:00.2] MB: I think that’s critical. One of the things that we talk about on the show and I think probably one of the core lessons that really if you listen to a lot of episodes will show itself again and again is this idea that self-awareness is really one of the cornerstones of improvement and achieving the results that you want to achieve.

To me, a lot of times when especially someone who doesn’t have a lot of experience examining their own motives and ideas, I think they can easily fall into the trap of self-deception. How do you avoid that pitfall when you’re trying to understand what your motives are?

[0:16:38.1] TD: Well, the application for that on examining your own motives is just that – so look at a high-stake situation and write out – I really caution people and coach people too to write these things out. At least type them out and I find it to be more effective to write it out. It’s the change, or the magic really happens when you actually write the words out, not just think about them.

Write out a high-stake situation and then write out the outcome that you want. Then ask yourself why you want that outcome. When I say at least five times, you may have heard of the five Whys that came to light in the Toyota production era, where they were trying to get the root cause on the assembly of a different problem back in the 80s.

It’s called the five whys. There’s no magic about the number five, but it might be three, it might be 10. But you keep drilling down into and why am I feeling that? Why is that? You get down to a root cause. Once you know your real motives then you can say, “Which motives serve only me and which motives serve the whole? Me and others. What happens if I act on just self-serving motives?”

We had a situation several years ago where we were going through a restructure and we met as a leadership team. One of the leaders over a particular part of the business is going to be impacted and several of his people were going to be displaced.

We all agreed this was the right thing to do, this restructure. I talked, and we’ll call him Steven. I said, “Okay. So Steve, so you’re going to get with your, say 10 people and talk about what’s going on.” He said, “Yup.” He had eight weeks about go for this change when it happened.” About two weeks later, I called him and say, “Hey Steve. How’s it going?” He’s, “You know, Todd. I want to revisit this.” I said, “Well, what are the people saying?” “Well, I haven’t talked to them yet.”

I was shocked. I said, “Steve. We’ve eaten into two of the eight weeks for these people to be able to network and start looking for other activities. Help me understand why.” He said, “Well, I’m not sure if I agree with it.” “Well, you agreed with it two weeks ago.” Anyway, long story short, we started drilling down and I said, “Well, Steve why do you discreet?” “Well, I don’t discreet it, but these are hard conversations.” “Why are they hard conversations, Steve?” “Well, because it’s going to disrupt people’s lives.”

What do you and it sounds obvious, what are you concerned about disrupting people’s lives? Well, we drilled down to Steve saying, “It’s the right decision. I’ve always had a difficult time with hard conversations. I’ve always avoided them.” At that point it’s, “Steve, would you like me to join you in these calls? I’d be happy to do that.” He just breathed a sigh of relief. That’s a quick example of try to help someone or we can use the same process just helping ourselves. Get to what is the real thing that’s driving why I’m feeling a certain way, or why I’m acting a certain way. You got to be honest with yourself and drill down in what I call, in what we call the five whys.

[0:19:30.9] MB: I think that’s awesome. I’m a huge proponent of just continually asking why, peeling back the layers until you really get to that core understanding. Because in almost every case, the initial reason that maybe you’re telling yourself you’re doing something, or you think you’re doing something is almost always underpinned by a number of deeper and deeper layers of things and what’s really going on.

[0:19:54.4] TD: Exactly.

[0:19:55.1] MB: I want to circle back and talk a little bit more about this idea of taking responsibility for your own results in the world, and the sense that – I think you’ve talked about this and write about this in the book, but the idea that it’s not just enough to hope that other people embrace these philosophies, but you have to be the one to say, “I’m going to make these changes in the way I interact with people and be the first person to take that step forward.”

[0:20:27.1] TD: Yeah. Back to the play that I begin the book with, and these folks that are so busy in this – in hell, so to speak, this room that’s all bricked up. They’re so busy trying to change each other, and that only is making things worse.

One other important element in this play, for those of you who have seen it, there are no mirrors in this room. The others doors are bricked up, or the windows are bricked up, no doors, and  there are no mirrors. The point that’s being made is you don’t take the time to look at in the mirror and start with ourselves.

Honestly, the most effective and successful and how you define success and influential people in the world start with themselves. Gandhi said it best, “Be the change we seek in others.” It doesn’t meant that others don’t need coaching. It doesn’t mean that others don’t need to be put on a performance plan, or need help in certain areas, but we start with ourselves. We start modeling that very behavior that we’re looking for in others.

I’ve seen it in my many years of life. It happens every time if I could start to model, or make sure I’m modeling the behavior that I want in others. It makes the difficulty of the dive much easier. That’s the premise there in starting with ourselves.

I talk in the book about what we’ve used a lot for a long time at FranklinCovey, being within your circle of influence versus your circle of concern. You picture these two circles, the influence circle is inside the circle of concern. The circle of concern is much broader, because as human beings we’re concerned about a lot of things.

What can we actually do something about? Where do we have influence? Now we often have more influence than we think, but – sometimes we throw on the talent, “Why can’t we just change that?” That’s not good. On the other hand, most of us, many of us spend our time, our efforts, our energy, our resources on things that we can’t influence or control.

Those people who start with themselves, even again referring back to this e-mail I saw and swearing from this irate account executive. I’ll be talking to him later today and we’ll have a great pleasant conversation about what can you influence? I understand the frustration. I can appreciate why you’d be frustrated. Let’s think about what she, the person who is upset with, what might be her reasoning for that. Let’s start to analyze that. What are some things you could influence?

I can appreciate you’re mad. What could you actually influence here and what would be the best way to influence that? Instead of going over and yelling at her or sending her an e-mail, what if the conversation started with, and I’ll call her Sarah. “Sarah, could you help me understand something?” That’s a great way to begin any conversation when you’re odd with someone.

Instead of saying, “I want you to know I’m really upset. Or I want you to know I see this really differently and I’m bugged, or whatever.” One of the best phrases to use is, “I wonder if you can help me understand why we’re seeing this so differently or why you’re choosing [inaudible 0:23:24.7]. I’m sure there are pieces of information I’m missing.” This is language that I use naturally and I coach others to use all the time.

I’m sure, and this is practice 15. I’m jumping around here, but practice 15 just start with humility. Boy, you got to have a big dose of humility if you’re really going to step back and try to understand the situation. I begin conversations like this with, “I wonder if you can help me understand why you chose to handle this situation this certain way. I’m sure I’m missing something here. We worked together a long time. You’re a really talented person. I’ve heard a lot from you, so I’m not – this isn’t making sense. I’m wondering if you could help me understand that.” Boy, you just lowered everybody’s defense mechanism and you can now start to get to a root cause.

[0:24:07.2] MB: What a fantastic question. It’s funny, I was dealing with a situation yesterday that I think that would’ve been the perfect question to just create a really open dialogue about what is the issue, why is this not happening and can we all collectively without people getting defensive, etc., get down to the root cause of the issue. I think it’s a fantastic and really simple tool that immediately takes down the defensive barriers and opens up just a much more meaningful dialogue.

[0:24:38.2]TD: Thank you. I’d love to tell you it’s because I was just born a genius, but it’s really, you know, you’re excellent at it to doing podcast and everything else you do. I just have years of repetition in this. Again, I want to make sure that the listeners don’t think, “Oh, this guy thinks he’s so smart.” I don’t, other than this has been my world for the last 20, 30 years of helping shape conversations so that we can actually move things forward. I’ve just learned from trial and error and lots of experience. It’s my one claim to expertise, if you will.

[0:25:16.7] MB: We talk all the time on the show about the importance of mastering new skills and abilities. That’s why I’m excited to tell you once again about our amazing sponsor, Skillshare. Skillshare is an online learning community with over 16,000 classes in design, business and much more. You can learn anything from logo design to social media marketing to street photography.

The cool part about Skillshare is that they give you unlimited access for a monthly fee so you don’t have to pay per class. They have some amazing courses on there that I personally really enjoy, everything from mastering Evernote, to Mind Mapping, to learning how to sketch and draw.

If you want to get a leg up on everything from graphic design to your knife skills if you’re into cooking and much, much more, Skillshare is giving every single science of success listener one month of unlimited access completely for free. That’s pretty awesome.

Go to skillshare.com/success to redeem your free month.

[0:26:21.5] MB: I want to dig into another practice that I find really interesting is talking about and focusing on the truth and making it safe to tell the truth. Can you tell me a little bit about that practice?

[0:26:32.4] TD: Yeah. Practice 13 is make it safe to tell the truth. The whole premise of the book is getting better, for us to get better. Somebody asked you today, is this a book I buy for people that I have got challenges? Well, you could do that. But again, only if you’ll look in the mirror first.

The whole premise is for us to – where can I get better? Where can I improve? How we do that if we don’t know in which areas we do need to improve. Practice 13, make it safe to tell the truth. The meaning behind this is make it easy for other to tell you the truth. Matt in fact, let me ask you, when was the last time you received some feedback? More importantly, when was the last time you asked someone for feedback?

[0:27:14.5] MB: I mean, this is – I’m a huge fan of seeking the truth and always looking for the truth and trying constantly to get feedback. I’m constantly asking people for a candid feedback and trying to develop relationships with the people that I work with to really have very clear lines of communication.

I was just going to say, it’s something for me that I’m really obsessed with, because I think that feedback can only help you. I don’t get defensive about negative feedback. All I want is all the information that I can gather, so that I can make the most effective decisions and choices possible.

[0:27:51.0] TD: I need to take you out on the road with me on all of these keynote speeches I’m giving, because you are the poster child for someone who sounds like makes it safe to tell the truth. That is not the norm, and it’s great. I really admire and respect you why you do so well in what you do.

We tend in general to be hesitant to ask for feedback, and it’s because we’re vulnerable. We don’t want to hear what we’re not doing so well. In general, we’re vulnerable. We don’t like to give ourselves feedback. I stood on the bathroom scale this morning. That was some feedback that I didn’t want to give myself. Raises it more when we seek it from others.

I will have people share with me all the time, my leader neighbor tells me, “Give me any feedback.” Well, that’s a challenge. Proactive effective people don’t wait for someone to give them feedback. They do what you’re doing. They actively go out and seek it and their intent, their real motive is to get better.

What I found is that there are four – probably many more, but four common reasons why we don’t seek feedback more often and why we don’t make it safe to sell the truth; to tell the truth. The first is we assume bad intent when we should be doing just the opposite. You don’t assume bad intent if we’re at lunch and I say, “Hey, Matt. You got a spinach in your teeth.” You’re not thinking, “Why are you trying to be so critical of me?” That’s just feedback, because I care about you and don’t want you to be embarrassed with spinach in your teeth.

Yet, if I say to you, “Hey, I noticed that in meetings, you tend to dominate discussions and doesn’t give people a chance to share.” Well then, we start to feel defensive on this subjective feedback. Don’t assume bad intent. Assume good intent. 99% of the time, people just want to help. That’s one of the first things I see.

The second thing is what you’ve already talked about; ask for feedback. You need to ask for feedback, not wait for it. That sounds like an obvious, but it’s the way we ask for feedback. For example, if I’m giving a presentation and I noticed my friend Matt in the audience and I walk up to you right after the presentation, a thousand people are there and they say, “Hey, Matt. Good to see you. What did you think of my presentation?” What are you most likely going to say?

[0:30:04.3] MB: It was great.

[0:30:06.4] TD: Yeah. You better. Okay. That’s what most of us would do. But think about this, what if I – the day before the presentation I call my friend Matt and I say, “Hey, Matt. I know that you’re going to be in this presentation tomorrow. Could I ask you a favor? Would you mind taking down some notes of what you see that I could do better?”

I mean, sure I’d love to hear what you liked about it. But I’m really drilling down on where I could even improve better my presentation and delivery style. Would you mind doing that, and then maybe we could together later in the week and you would mind sharing those things with me.

Both scenarios I’m asking for feedback, but very different intent. You can see that one, I’m just seeking validation, what is so good about it. The other one, sounds  like you do on a regular basis, I’m truly interested in getting better.

A third area or step that I find is critical is evaluating the feedback. One reason I found that people don’t ask for feedback is they think they have to implement all of it. That’s not true. Only you are the one that decides what you will and will implement.

Evaluating a feedback. Certainly listen respectfully. My gosh, you ask the person for the feedback, write it all down. Then you evaluate the side what resonates with you and the role that you’re in and what you’re trying to accomplish. Then the fourth step is just to act on it. Acting on it doesn’t mean implementing  it, acting on it means you digest it, you consider it, you thank the person, you follow-up with them. It’s really the key in making it safe for them to continue to be telling you the truth by the way you follow-up.

I like to remind people it’s important to remember that as nervous as we might be, some of us in asking for feedback, they’re just as nervous in giving the feedback. Take that into consideration, if you’re truly interested in getting better and you want to have a huge group of people, like it sounds like you do, Matt; that will willingly give you honest, sincere feedback in an effort to help you get better at what you do.

[0:31:58.2] MB: I think that’s so critical. You touched on a really key point, which is this idea of knowing the source of the feedback and evaluating it, because I think it is important to understand that I think all feedback is relevant information, but it’s not necessarily true in all cases. Or maybe the source giving you the feedback isn’t qualified to be giving you certain types of feedback or information.

I think it’s really important to also understand truly what are the intentions of the person giving you feedback, what are their qualifications and their credibility to be able to give you meaningful input on whatever particular thing you’re sort of looking for feedback on.

[0:32:37.8] TD: That’s a really good point. Certainly, when people volunteer feedback, that’s really critical. It’s also critical when you ask people for feedback, but you need to be really careful here too. If you ask someone for feedback, you want to evaluate who you’re asking for this feedback. Do they know anything about creating podcast? Do they know anything about giving keynotes? You want to choose carefully.

Stephen M.R. Covey, he is the son of the late Dr. Stephen R. Covey of course is the bestselling author of the 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. His son, he wanted to certainly emulate and follow in his father’s footsteps, in his character and in his business sense and all that, but not in his public speaking.

Stephen M.R. Covey, the son, had no interest in that. He wasn’t very good at it. Well, many years ago, he came out with his own bestselling book, The Speed of Trust. He therefore found himself having to do keynotes. Sometimes alongside his world-renowned father.

He said by his own emission, he wasn’t good at it. He called in a couple of his trusted colleagues and asked them to go to his next speech and give him feedback. Well, he tells me the story. They gave him, it was like 42 pieces of feedback. 42 things he needed to do differently. His next keynote was like three days later.

Well, he tried to implement them all and he said it was a disaster. He said it was the worst speech of his life. He stepped back, and just to your point, he carefully evaluated what of those 42 things really resonated with what he was doing and trying to accomplish and what didn’t? While he heard it all and appreciated it all, he picked three or four things and really honed in, worked on those and picked a few more things, never attempting to do all 42 things.

He has become one of the really most sought-after speakers in the world particularly on this topic of trust. That is the importance as you mentioned, of really evaluating and analyzing the feedback that you’re given.

[0:34:22.2] MB: Yeah. I mean again, I think that one of the things – I do want to say, by no means am I a perfect receiver of feedback in all cases, and we all have our own cognitive biases and  blind spots and everything else. But I think the quest to find and gather information that can help you improve, and the flipping the switch from trying to hide your mistakes and weaknesses to bringing them into the light and understanding that information about them is going to help you get better, or gap fill, or be able to overcome and improve on those weaknesses is a fundamental shift that I think really makes a huge difference between who gets stuck in the patters of self-sabotage and people who actually go out and achieve tremendous results.

[0:35:08.6] TD: Absolutely. Couldn’t agree more.

[0:35:11.3] MB: I’m curious – I mean, what are the other practices – that jumped out of me that I thought was really interesting was this idea of behaving your way to credibility. Can you tell me a little bit about what that means and how we can create credibility for ourselves?

[0:35:26.9] TD: You bet. In fact, all I ask you is think of someone in your life who just they jump to the top of the list when you think of someone who is really credible. Without sharing with me who – their name. It doesn’t matter. I wouldn’t know it anyway. But what are the reasons? Give me this three or four reasons why you’re thinking of someone right now who is really credible in your life.

[0:35:45.6] MB: They do what they say, they achieve a lot of results, they get stuff done, they don’t make a lot of excuses.

[0:35:54.7] TD: Yeah. Great reasons. Great reasons. Credibility, those are absolutely reasons that someone is credible. These reasons and more fall into two buckets, and you got to have both to be credible. It’s character and it’s competence. They do what they say they’re going to do, character; they get great results as you said, competence.

Plenty of one, or an overabundance of one does not make up for a lack of the other. You’ve got to have both for it. An example I like to use is we might be best friends and I remember your birthday every year and I know your – all of your favorite places to eat and you let me watch your dog when you’re out of town, but yet when I offered to pack your parachute for your first skydiving lesson, you might at least want to know how much parachute packing experience I have, would just done by the way Matt.

On the other hand, it would be interesting for you to learn the person who did pack your parachute had recently been acquitted of a manslaughter charge, because of a technicality. They might have all the parachute packing certifications in the world, but if something’s off about their character, it gives you cause for pause.

It’s a combination of character and of competence. Like I say, one doesn’t make up for the other. You got to have the character, the integrity and then the skillset. Then something that I really emphasize in this particular practice and chapter, because I’ve seen it time and time again, in fact I saw it with myself. I learned this lesson the hard way is you take the long view.

So often, I see people who want credibility overnight, or they want the credibility because, “I know I can do it, so gosh, you should know I can do it. You should just know that. You should trust me.” While there is another practice called extend trust, we don’t extend trust naively. Taking a long view means being comfortable with the fact that establishing or increasing our credibility with someone takes time, and it’s through a track record of both character and competence showing up time and time again. That’s the essence of behaving your way to credibility versus trying to talk yourself into or out of the situation you behave your way into.

[0:38:07.8] MB: I really like the tandem approach of you have to have both character and competence. I think that really clearly encapsulates what creates credibility as a great insight.

[0:38:20.7] TD: Thank you. For the practical application on this, which I like to use a lot with people is – in fact, I’m just working with someone last week on this and they’re – hadn’t lost credibility, but they really need you to increase their credibility in the role they’re in with some key stakeholders.

What I coach them to do, and this is in the book as well is look, identify at least three character qualities and competency qualities in this particular role that you believe are important to that person with whom you’re trying to increase credibility. Then write those down, then rate yourself on 1 to 10, 10 being high, how you would rate yourself in each of those.

Now take that list to the person with whom you’re trying to increase your credibility and just be openly transparent with them and say, “Hey, I know you like me and you trust me, but I really want to increase my credibility with you in this particular area or this particular project, whatever it is.”

Here are the things I have identified that I believe would be important to you. I may have missed some. Would you do me a favor? Would you look at these enemy that I’ve missed, looked how I’ve rated myself and would you please go ahead and rate me? Again, I’m trying to get better, so I don’t – don’t need to rank me 10 in all of them, especially if you don’t believe that.

On anything that she or he rate you lower than a nine, now you know where to start and you can say to the person, “Okay, I saw that you gave me a nine in timeliness, Debbie. Can you tell me what would you need to see – Do you mean, am I late to work? Tell me what you see there.” It opens up the dialogue. You actually have a roadmap now on where you need to focus to get better and increase your credibility in this case.

[0:39:52.9] MB: I like to dig into the other side of the coin now and talk a little bit about what do you see the biggest mistakes or pitfalls you see people making when they try to influence others, or even when they try to implement some of the practices that you’ve written about.

[0:40:08.7] TD: Well, the biggest and most obvious and this won’t be – shouldn’t be new news to anyone, it’s when I’m trying to influence you to do something differently than I am doing. In other words, I’m not walking my talk. Pretty tough to – it’s the do as I say and not as I do problem.

I’ve got to be modeling, and not perfect. Nobody is perfect in any of these every, but I’ve got to be seriously attempting to model the various things that I’m trying to influence you. I think that’s the first thing. The second thing is to make sure the person understands your intent. I’ll tell you because of the role I’m in, I began a lot of conversations when there is a performance issue, or when there is a worry about someone, I begin a lot of conversations with, “I want you to know my only intent is to help resolve this situation, or to help you be successful in your role.”

I begin any performance conversation, we have a formal performance process here, if we get to that point, we’re still and really struggling in your particular role; good people. Always good people, but maybe a mismatch for the role, or maybe just haven’t had direct feedback that they need to have.

I will begin the conversation with, and it’s very sincere from the heart, “You know, Matt. I want you to know that my only intent in this conversation we’re having with you and your leader is to help you improve and be wildly successful in your role.” Now if you can say that it comes from the heart, boy does that start the conversation in the right place.

I think making sure that the other person understands your intent is to just help them, not to be critical, not to try and show them the door, not to make yourself look smarter than they are, but just to help. You just want to help.

[0:41:56.2] MB: This is something I think that I’ve dealt with personally in some instances. If someone’s in a defensive or emotional state, how can we try to effectively communicate our intent to them in a way that takes down those defensive barriers?

[0:42:13.4] TD: Well, I think when emotions are high, I don’t think I know, when emotions are high, that’s not the moment to start addressing the problem. The late Dr. Covey used to say, and I just love this because I’m reminded of it every day; with people, fast is slow and slow is fast.

When emotions are high, the first step is to take time to understand them. Practice 10 is talk less, listen more. That’s particularly relevant when emotions are high. Like this person I’ve been referring to, this accounting executive that’s upset. I’m going to spend probably the first 15 minutes of our conversations saying nothing other than, “Hey, help me understand the situation.”

We as human beings, we need what I like to call psychological error. We just need to feel understood. If we can feel understood, then we can get to a place where we can start to resolve a problem or address a situation. But we jump past that first part Matt, because we’re fixers. We want to help. We’re busy. We want to just get to the solution.

In the end, it ends up taking a ton more time when we jump to the solution, versus taking whatever time is necessary upfront to really just understand. Years ago, one of my teenage daughters was wanting to move out of our house. We’re good parents, so she had no reason to do that. I was concerned about her moving out. She’s just out of high school, but who she was moving in within the situation.

We would discuss it. Not really argue at that point. Then I was on a international business trip for 10 days, and I came home to find out she had moved out. Well, mom was gone. I was pretty upset. She come over for Sunday dinner with the rest of the family. We’d have dinner and then we’d start a discussion and we’d go back five minutes and then the argument starts, that why did she do this and can’t believe it, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah.

We just argued. End in tears. Week after week this is what happened. I’m embarrassed to tell you, I worked here at FranklinCovey at that time. I’m out teaching this stuff and pretending that time to live this stuff, I guess I have to say. Well, I still remember the Sunday afternoon when we were falling into the same pattern. After dinner, I just thought, “Todd, you got to do something different here. This is not working.”

Well, I admit it comes natural to me now, it didn’t at the time. It was forced. I remember it, my daughter her name is Sydney, we went out on the backswing. She said, “Okay, let’s have it.” I said, “What’s that?” She said, “Why I made this big mistake.” I said, “You know what, Sydney. You make your own decisions. I just love you and you seem really stressed.” “Well, I’m not stressed.” I said, “Okay, well that’s okay.”

Then we sat there and talked. She talked. I just bit my tongue. She started to share with me one of her roommates was irritating her. All I said was – Well, I wanted to say, “Well, I told you this would happen.” All I said was, “Boy, that must be really frustrating.”

It was like a light switch went on. Then she started to share more, and I had to keep biting my tongue and just say, “Wow, I bet that’s hard. Or I be that’s difficult.” This volume of information opened up. Believe it or not, it’s like out of a movie. At the end of her time sharing she said, “I don’t know what to do, dad.”

Well, those had been the words I’ve been longing to hear for I don’t know how long. But even then, I bit my tongue, and instead of jumping in and saying, “Well, here is what you do. You move out of that situation.” I said, “You know what, Sydney you’re a smart girl. I know you’re going to figure it out.” Then she started pushing, “How do you think I should do this?”

Again, sorry for the personal example. But boy, I’ve just seen it time and time again in my life, it will take the time to let someone share and really just try to understand and not agree, or disagree, not to suggest or fix, just to share. Then we open up a pathway to start resolving the situation.

[0:46:06.0] MB: It’s a really powerful example and thank you for sharing it. I think it really grounds a lot of these lessons for the listeners. You know, it’s funny. I sometimes call it the Socratic method of influencing people, which is one of the things I’ll do if I can’t – if I’m trying to influence someone subtly is just keep asking them questions, “Well, tell me why you’re doing it this way, and tell me why that’s the case, and tell me –” Eventually, you can – you start to pull out all the reasoning and the logic and all the thought process behind it.

Many will see for themselves, “Oh, maybe that doesn’t really make a lot of sense the way that I’m doing it.” If they have the realization themselves, it’s infinitely more powerful than you trying to force it into their heads.

[0:46:48.5] TD: Someone said to me, and I wrote about this in the book. Someone said to me – they’re leaving my office once, they said, “Man, you just know – you come up with the answers for everything.” I just laughed. I said to this person, “I didn’t come up with anything. You came up with the answer. It’s just what you said. If you ask the right questions and not in a manipulative way, not because you’re trying to stir them, you’re just trying to help them, what you just said, uncover what the real issues are.

90% of the time, they’ll solve or at least get on the pathway to start solving the situation, or solving the problem. If they feel hurt, if they feel understood, if they feel like there was someone who really just wants to understand and not fix or change them.

[0:47:29.4] MB: I’m curious, what’s the most effective relationship that you’ve ever had and why?

[0:47:34.3] TD: Wow. I have not been asked that question before. If my wife listened, I better say with her. Yeah, the most effective relationship is a good friend of mine. We’ve known each other for 21 years now. Why is it most effective? It’s most effective, because through our friendship, we’ve really – we have very different personalities and that we’ve taken the time to understand each other.

Communication is very quick, because we know what each other is thinking. I want to be careful here to say, well does that just happen? I think so. I think it’s been developed over time, because of what we just finished talking about. Taking the time to really understand someone, what drives them, what motivates them, what are their hopes, what are their fears, what are their aspirations in life.

I think when we take time, I don’t want to make this to a referring, but in the end really, we’re all about relationships, I think, or we should be. I don’t know that much else matters when all set and done. I mean, yup results matter and work matters and all of those things. But in the end – in fact, someone asked me today what was one final thought I could give?

I was reminded of a bumper sticker I saw – quite a while ago I was following a motor home towing a boat, and I think I’m exaggerating this but I swear they have some ATVs up on top, all these toys piled on all these trailers, or all these trailer. The bumper sticker, and it’s a popular one, people have seen it. It said, he and I’ll political correct here and say, or she, but he or she who dies with the most toys wins.

Well, I would love to have every one of those toys that I was following. I honestly Matt, thought to myself, for me anyway, he or she who dies with the most meaningful relationships wins. That’s just my philosophy and it’s what makes me happy and it’s what makes me effective in my various roles that I play.

[0:49:35.9] MB: I think that’s a really important lesson. I mean, if you look at and study people who are in the last moments of their lives or talking about their regrets, etc., it seems like relationships are really recurrent again and again and again, kind of come back to end of life, people think that the most important things in their lives were there relationships.

[0:49:57.0] TD: I have yet to meet anybody who doesn’t feel that way.

[0:50:00.2] MB: That’s a pretty deep note, but I want to transition on a much more surface-level question, which is something we ask as we’re wrapping up many of our interviews. What’s one piece of actionable advice or homework you would give to the listeners as a starting point for implementing some of the practices we’ve talked about today?

[0:50:19.9] TD: Well, practice 15, the last practice in the book is ironically titled Start with Humility. I had an idea many years ago of writing a book on leadership about humility, because I had worked with or for so many great leaders, and some that weren’t so great. But the common thread among the great ones were many things that went in to their great leadership, but it was this foundation of humility.

I was putting together some material for this, just the beginnings of it. One day it came to me. I thought, “I know what the title is. The title is going to be Lead with Humility.” I Googled it to make sure there wasn’t a book already written on that. Well in fact, there was.

Not only was there a book titled Lead with Humility, but it was written by Pope Francis himself. It’s actually written by another author, but he uses Pope Francis as his example through all of the great leadership qualities, start with humility. I didn’t write that book. I decided not to go toe-to-toe with the pope.

It is the last chapter in the book, because we can look at all of these areas we think we need to improve, or we do need to improve. We can focus our energy and our efforts on all of these things. But if we’re lacking in humility – humility is not a weakness. Humility is a strength. It’s the greatest strength we can have. Humility is the thing that helps us forgive, it’s the thing that tells us no matter how successful we are, we didn’t do it on our own, it gives us the courage to be honest with co-workers, it reminds us to be patient with ourselves, to know that all of us are in this process of getting better.

That’s my parting thought on this is that we need to really ask ourselves, understand what our real intent is, what our real motives are and make sure that it’s based or grounded in humility that we don’t think of ourselves as all that and more, but that we’re all here to help each other continually be getting better.

[0:52:18.3] MB: Where can listeners can find you and the book and your work online?

[0:52:23.1] TD: If they will go to getbetterbook.com, that’s www.getbetterbook.com, they’ll have links to an information on everything that we’ve talked about and a lot more.

[0:52:34.6] MB: Well, Todd thank you so much for coming on the show, sharing not only some really impactful stories, but also some great and actionable advice. Really appreciate having you on here and you sharing all these wisdom.

[0:52:47.1] TD: Well, I appreciate being invited. It’s been great to get to know you better. Thank you so much.

[0:52:52.2] MB: Thank you so much for listening to the Science of Success. We created this show to help you, our listeners master evidence-based growth. I love hearing from listeners. If you want to reach out, share your story or just say hi, shoot me an e-mail. My email is matt@successpodcast.com. That's M-A-T-T@successpodcast.com. I'd love to hear from you and I read and respond to every single listener e-mail. 

I’m going to give you three reasons why you should join our e-mail list today by going to successpodcast.com and signing up right on the homepage. First, you’re going to get exclusive curated weekly e-mail from us every single week called Mindset Monday. This is articles, stories, links, things that we found interesting in the last week.

Next, you're going to get an exclusive chance to shape the show, you can vote on guests, submit your own personal questions to guests that we’re going to have on the show that we may ask on the podcast, vote on things like new intro music and much more. Lastly, you’re going to get free guides that we create based on listener demand, including our most popular guide How to Organize and Remember Everything, which you can get completely for free along with another sweet bonus guide to surprise, so you go to sign up to get it by joining our e-mail list today.

Again, you can just go to successpodcast.com, sign up right on the homepage, or if you’re on the go right now, if you’re driving around, just text the word “smarter” to the number 44222. That’s “smarter” to the number 44222.

The greatest compliment you can give us is referral to a friend either live or online. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave us an awesome review and subscribe on iTunes. That helps more and more people discover The Science of Success. 

Don't forget, if you want to get all the incredible information we talked about in this episode; links, transcripts, everything and much more, be sure to check out our show notes as well. You can get those at successpodcast.com, just hit the show notes button right at the top. 
Thanks again, and we'll see you on the next episode of The Science of Success.


November 22, 2017 /Lace Gilger
Focus & Productivity
  • Newer
  • Older